英语句子成分分析

1、句句 子子简单句：仅有一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。简单句：仅有一个主谓结构的句子叫简单句。.主语谓语动词（主语谓语动词（vi.)My English improved a lot.2.主语谓语动词主语谓语动词(vt.)+宾语宾语They all like him.3.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+间接宾语间接宾语+直接宾语直接宾语My father gave me money.4.主语主语+谓语谓语(vt.)+宾语宾语+宾语补足语宾语补足语She named her baby John.5.主语主语+系动词系动词+表语表语 He is an engineer. The shop stays o

2、pen till 9 oclock at night.复合句复合句:有一个有一个主句主句和若干个和若干个从句从句组成组成1.Thats exactly what I am planning to do.2.We expressed the hope that they would come and visit China again.从句不能单独存在，必须依附于主语从句不能单独存在，必须依附于主语。句子成分句子成分定义定义 ：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成：构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。句子成分有分。句子成分有主要成分主要成分和和次要成分次要成分；主要成分主要成分：主语和谓语：主语和谓语次要成

3、分次要成分：表语、宾语、定语、状语、：表语、宾语、定语、状语、补足语、同位语补足语、同位语1. I met my best friend Tom at the station yesterday.主主语语谓谓语语定定语语宾宾语语同同位位语语状状语语主语（主语（subject）句子说明的人或事物句子说明的人或事物 Jane is good at playing the piano. She went out in a hurry. Four plus four is eight. To see is to believe. Smoking is bad for health. The young

4、 should respect the old. What he has said is true. （名词）（名词） （代词）（代词） （数词）（数词）（不定式）（不定式） （动名词）（动名词） （名词化的形容词（名词化的形容词） （句子）（句子）谓语谓语说明主语的说明主语的动作动作、状态和特征状态和特征 简单谓语简单谓语:由由动词动词或或动词词组动词词组组成组成 I saw the flag on the top of the hill. He looked after two orphans. 复合谓语复合谓语 由由情态动词或助动词情态动词或助动词+动词动词; He can speak

5、English well. She doesnt seem to like dancing Show your passport, please. She didnt say anything. How many do you want? - I want two. They sent the injured to hospital. They asked to see my passport. I enjoy working with you. Did you write down what he said? （名词（名词 ）( 代词）代词）(数词数词)(名词化的形容词名词化的形容词)(三三

6、)宾语宾语动作的对象或承受者动作的对象或承受者用在及物动词或介词之后用在及物动词或介词之后（不定式）（不定式）（动名词）（动名词）（句子）（句子） 宾语分为宾语分为直接宾语直接宾语和和间接宾语间接宾语.直接宾语指直接宾语指物或事物或事,间接宾语指人或动物间接宾语指人或动物. He gave me some books.间接间接宾语宾语直接直接宾语宾语please pass me the book.He bought his girlfriend some flowers.（四）表语（四）表语在在系动词系动词后的部分就是表语后的部分就是表语常见的系动词有常见的系动词有:be(am,is,are,

7、were,was)状态：状态：seem, appear, prove -感官：感官：smell, feel, taste, sound, look变化：变化：become, get, turn, go, come, grow持续：持续：remain, stay, keep, 在系动词后的部分就是表语在系动词后的部分就是表语1.The war was over.2.They seem to know the truth.3.Time is precious.4.Im not quite myself today.5.That remains a puzzle.6.I dont feel at e

8、ase. （五）定语（五）定语修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或从句 He is a clever boy. His father works in a steel work. There are 54students in our class. Do you know Bettys sister? There is a sleeping baby in bed. His spoken language is good.(形容词形容词)(名词名词)(数词数词)(名词的所有格名词的所有格)(现在分词现在分词)(过去分词过去分词)定语后置：定语后置：如果定语是由如

9、果定语是由一个单词一个单词表示时，通常要前置。表示时，通常要前置。而由而由一个词组或一个句子一个词组或一个句子表示时，通常则后置表示时，通常则后置The girl in red is his sister.We have a lot of work to do.The girl standing under the tree is his daughter.Do you know the man who spoke just now?（六）状语：（六）状语：修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做状子，说明动作或状态特征的句子成分，叫做

10、状语。语。 状语有如下状语有如下10种：种： 1) How about meeting again at six?（时间）（时间）2) Last night she didnt go to the dance party because of the rain.（原因）（原因）3) I shall go there if it doesnt rain.（条件）（条件）4) Mr Smith lives on the third floor.（地点）（地点）5) She put the eggs into the basket with great care.（方式）（方式）6) She cam

11、e in with a dictionary in her hand.（伴随）（伴随）7)In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. （目的）（目的）8) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.（结果）（结果）9) She works very hard though she is old.（让步）（让步）10) I am taller than he is.（比较）（比较） I found the book interesting. Do you smell something burning? （六）宾语补足语（六）宾语补足语对宾语进行补充说明的成分，使句子的意义完整。这类对宾语进行补充说明的成分，使句子的意义完整。这类常用的及物动词有常用的及物动词有 ： She asked me to lend her a hand.(七七)同位语同位语 位于名词