高三连词和状语从句

1、连词概说概说 连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句或句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。1. 并列连词用于连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，如and, but, or, for等；2. 从属连词主要引出名词性从句(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句等)和状语从句(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)，引出名词性从句的连词如that, whether等，引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if 等。一 并列连词1. 表示联合 (and , bothand , eitheror, neithernor , not onlybut

2、 (also) , as well as, when就在这时等)2. 表示选择 (or, or else, eitheror, neithernor)3. 表示转折 (but, yet)4. 表示因果 (for, so) 5. 表示对比 (while)Practice:1. He didnt go _ she didnt go either.2. Turn down the music _ youll be complained. 3. He must be ill, _ he is absent today. 4. Great progress has been made, _ much s

3、till remains to be done. 5. China is a developing country _ the US is a developed one. orandforyetwhile二 从属连词 引导名词性从句:(主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)引导状语从句:(时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等)1 引导名词性从句的连接词：A. 连词连词(5个个)：1）that 不仅没不充当句子成分，而且没有词义，在句子中只起连接作用2）if, whether 虽不充当句子成分，但有词义，即表示“是否”。3) as if ,as though （均表示“好像”，“似乎

4、”）如：He replied that he was going by train. I wonder if its large enough. I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. She looks as if she were ten years youngerB. 连接代词：连接代词：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, whichC. 连接副词：连接副词：when, where, how, why等。等。2 引导状语从句的从属连词有:1.时间状语从句: when, while, as, b

5、efore, after, since, until, till, once 2.条件状语从句: if, unless, as so long as, in case.3.目的状语从句: in order that, so that, 4.结果状语从句: so that, sothat, suchthat 5.原因状语从句: because, as, since, now (that)6.让步状语从句: although, though, even if/though, while, however, whatever, whoever, whenever7.方式状语从句: as, as if

6、, as though 8.地点状语从句: where, wherever, everywhere, anywhere 9.比较状语从句: than, asas一、引导时间状语从句的从属连词: when, while, as, before, after, since, until, till, once whenever1.He entered the room _ we were watching TV. 2.Please be quiet _ I am doing homework. 3.The students took notes _ they listened. 4.He didn

7、t get up _ the alarm clock went off. 5.They worked on the farm _ it was dark. 6.It _(be) just a week since we arrived here. 7.I _(write) to him twice since I left school. 一、when可以和延续性动词连用，也可以和短暂性动词连用；而while和as只能和延续性动词连用。二、since引导的从句谓语动词经常是瞬间性动词的一般过去时，主句中的谓语动词为延续性动词的现在完成时。whenwhileasuntiluntilis/has

8、beenhave written when, while, as的区别： 一、一、when从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之从句的谓语动词可以在主句谓语动作之前、之后或同时发生；前、之后或同时发生；while和和as从句的谓语动作必从句的谓语动作必须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。须是和主句谓语动作同时发生。 1从句动作在主句动作前发生，只用 when。 When he had finished his homework，he took a short restWhen I got to the airport，the guests had left2从句动作和主句动作同时发生，且从句动作为延延续性

9、动词续性动词时，when，while，as都可使用。 When While As we were dancing，a stranger came inWhen While As she was making a phone call，I was writing a letter二、当主句、从句动作同时进行，从句动作的时间概念淡化，而主要表示主句动作发生的背景或条件时，只能用 as。这时，as常表示“随着”；“一边，一边”之意。 As the time went on，the weather got worse 随着时间的推移,气候更加糟糕。 The little girls sang as t

10、hey went. 小姑娘们一边走,一边唱。 引导时间状语从句的其他词组： as soon as, the moment /minute /second/ instant, directly / immediately / instantly(表示“一就”)。 each/every time, next time, the first/last time, hardly /scarcelywhen, no soonerthan翻译：1. 他回来我会告诉他一切的。2. 每次我感冒时，我都会背痛。3. 什么时候你有空都可以来。4. 刚做完我就后悔了。I will tell him everythi

11、ng when he comes back. Each time I catch a cold, I have pain in my back. You can come whenever you are free. I had hardly done it when I regretted it. 二. 引导地点状语从句的从属连词： where, wherever1. The church was built _ there had once been a Roman temple. 2. _ there is a will, there is a way. 3. His little da

12、ughter follows him _ he goes. whereWherewherever三、引导原因状语从句的从属连词because, since, asnow (that) :既然, 由于, seeing (that) 因为,鉴于,既然, considering (that) 鉴于，1.She was angry _ we were late. 2._ it is raining, we shall not go to the zoo. 3._ you dont trust him, you should not employ him. 4.It was _ he didnt fee

13、l good that he missed the lecture. becauseAsSincebecauseeg. We must start early, considering that we have a long way to go. because 引导的从句表示说话人认为这种原因或理由是听话人所不知道的，是全句的重心所在，其语气最重。通常位于主句之后。若强调原因，也可置主句之前。此外，because引导的状语从句还可以用于强调句中，其它则不能。还要注意的是，在回答why的提问时或原句有just, only, notbut等副词强调原因时必须用because。 since和as引

14、导的从句一般位于主句之前，表示不重要的或已知的原因。从语气上看，because语气最强，since, as依次递减。 for不说明原因，只表示一种附带或补充的解释说明，或表示推理。for引导的句子只能放在主句之后，是并列连词，而非从属连词。 It must be morning now, for birds are singing. 四. 引导条件状语从句的从属连词 if, unless, in case（如果，万一）, as so long as, on condition (that)如果，provided /providing (that)表条件, suppose /supposing表

15、假设 1. Do you mind _ I open the window?2. _ it rains, the game will be played. 3. _ there is a fire, what will you do first？4. You can go swimming _ you dont go too far from the river bank. 5. _(suppose) anything should go wrong, what would you do then?注意：和时间状语从句一样，条件状语从句如果表示将来时间，要用一般现在时表将来。 ifUnless

16、 In case on condition thatSuppose/Supposing 五. 引导目的状语从句的从属连词in order that=so that, for fear that（唯恐）, （just）in case（以免，以防）, lest（以免）1)_ 他提高了嗓音，以便每个人都能听见。2) _ 带上雨伞，以防下雨。3) He put his money in the safe (n.保险箱) _ it should be stolen. 4）We dare not play jokes on him lest he should be angry. He raised hi

17、s voice so that everyone could hear. Take your umbrella (just) in case it rains. for fear that 目的状语从句中的谓语动词前常有情态动词如目的状语从句中的谓语动词前常有情态动词如may, might, can, could 或或 should, would等。等。 六. 引导结果状语从句的从属连词 so that, sothat, suchthat1. I went to the lecture early _ I got a good seat. 2. He is _ nice a teacher _

18、 that every student likes him. 3. He made _ an excellent speed _ it broke the old record. so that so that such that 注意：1. such 可以修饰复数名词或不可数名词，而so不可以。2. so可以与 many，few，much，little等修饰的名词搭配使用，而such不可以。1. There were _ many people on the bus it was hard to get on.2. They are _ useful books that you shoul

19、d make good use of them. 3. It was _ fine weather we went for a picnic last weekend. so suchsuch七. 引导让步状语从句的从属连词 although, though, as, while, even if /though, whetheror, however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever =no matter how /what /who /when /where1._ he was exhausted, (still) he kept on work

20、ing. 2._ the weather is good or bad, well set off as planned. 3.You wont move that stone, _ strong you are. 4. _ you are, you must obey the rules. 5. While I admit that there are problems, I dont agree that they cannot be solved.Although/Though howeverWhoever/ No matter who Whetheras引导的让步状语从句必须以部分倒装

21、的形式出现，被倒装的部分可以是表语、状语或动词原形，though也可用于这样的结构中，但although不可以这样用。 Although / Though he was a child, he knew what was the right thing to do. = Child _ he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. as /though 八. 引导方式状语从句的从属连词 as, as if, as though1. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. 2. He treats the girl

22、as if/though she were his own daughter. 九. 引导比较状语从句的从属连词than, asas, not as (so)as1.他们比我们勤奋。2. 我妹妹和我一样高。3. 他工作不像她那样努力。They work harder than we do. He doesnt work as hard as she does.My sister is as tall as I (me).1、I am not angry with him , no matter what /whatever jokes he plays on me . 让步状语从句让步状语从句

23、2、Mrs Bruce was so kind to her students that they regarded her as their mother . 由由so.that 引导的结果状语从句中，其引导的结果状语从句中，其结构是：结构是：“so+形容词（副词）形容词（副词）+that +从从句。句。3、If it doesnt rain tomorrow，we will go there by bike. 引导条件状语从句的引导条件状语从句的if 不能用不能用whether 替替换。换。4、Will you please call me as soon as you get to Shanghai . 用用as soon as 引导时间状语从句引导时间状语从句 ，主将从现。，主将从现。5、The severn-ye