计算机英语考试大纲

1、考试范围课本Unit 1 to Unit 13 的Section A 以及Unit 8 Computer Network的Section B: A Guide to Network TopologySection C: Network Connecting Devices考试题型一、一、Vocabulary(词汇词汇)(30分分) (一一)Translate the following words and expressions into Chinese(写出下列词组的汉语写出下列词组的汉语)(共共10分，每题分，每题1分分) (二二)Fill in the blanks with the c

2、orresponding English.(根据汉语写出相应的英语。根据汉语写出相应的英语。) (共共10分，每题分，每题1分分) (三三) Fill in the blanks(填空题，每空填空题，每空1分，共分，共10分分). 二、二、Comprehension(阅读理解，阅读理解，40分分)（一）Fill in the blanks with suitable words or expressions from the list given below, and change the form where necessary. （从下面方框中选择合适的词或表达，以其适当的形式填空。）(1

3、0分, 每空1分)black box testing; internal; bug; thorough; reveal; output; faults; valid; white box testing ; lifecycle; Software testing, which is defined as the execution of a program to find its（ ）, is a vital part of the software（ ）. There are different types of testing, mainly, they are （ ）or functio

4、nal testing, which tests whether the（ ）is the expected result with the （ ）input; and （ ）(or glass box testing) which is performed to（ ）problems with the（ ）structure of a program . Debugging is the process of analyzing and locating bugs when software does not behave as expected. Software testing is a

5、 much more（ ）means of identifying software （ ）. Therefore, debugging supports testing other than replacing testing.（二）Tell whether the following statements are true(T) or false(F) according to the passage A.（根据上文的内容判断下列句子的正误）（10分,每题2分）During initial days of the development of software, everything wa

6、s done in discipline.（ ） The definition of software engineering is the application of systematic, disciplined, quantifiable approaches to the development, operation, and maintenance of software. （ ） For developing a software product, you need design, coding and testing.（ ）software engineering is the

7、 application of engineering to software .（ ）Software engineering only covers the technical aspects of building software systems.（ ）(三三)、choose the best answer according to the passage B.(根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。（10分，每题分，每题2分分)1A computer virus is a computer program that is created to make and

8、spread of itself.Aprograms Bvirus C copies Dfiles2Worm spread itself except by . Anetwork BE-mail Cprogram Dhardware3Antivirus program can scan and virus. Aclean Bproduce Creplicate Dmake 4Trojan Horses .Aquickly replicate itself and gradually attache to files, programs or the hard drive.Binfect the

9、 computer without even having to click open email attachment or any program.Callow hackers to take control over a particular system or to steal very important data.Davoid the virus to attack computer.5According to BusinessWeek, the attacks reported in the first half of 2003 nearly match previous yea

10、rs total number . A 86,404 B 76,404 C56,354 D34,876(四四) Choose the best answer according to Passage C.（ 根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。根据上文的内容选择正确的答案。10分，每题分，每题2分分)1. How many computers were connected to the initial Internet in 1969 ?（ ）A. Ten B. Four C. Twenty D. Three2. Only could use the early Internet. A. compu

11、ter experts, engineers, scientists, and librarians B. any experts, engineers, scientists, and librarians C. computer experts, engineers, scientists, and students D. experts, engineers, and scientists in universities in US3. The Internet became a lot easier for non-technical people to learn and use b

12、ecause of the common . A. commands B. protocols C. topologies D. architecture4. The first really friendly interface to the Internet appeared with the introduction of a system for files and information access. A. computer B. operating C. menu D. application5. Which statement is not true according to

13、Passage C? （ ） A. Many more people in universities began to use the Internet in the 1970s, but it wasnt as user-friendly as todays standards.B. The restrictions to commercial uses changed as the independent commercial networks were not funded by the government.C. Commercial uses were allowed for the

14、 early Internet if they directly served the goals of research and education.D. The early Internet was logged in from home or office personal computers. 我们这次考试第二大题阅读理解题目的主题包括Unit 1,2,3,4,8, 9,12中Section A所介绍的内容。 主题将会包括程序设计语言，计算机的中央处理器，如何将程序从源代码转换为目标代码，计算机病毒，因特网的起源与发展历史以及其所采用的网络协议。 文章内容与课文原文并不完全一致。三、三

15、、Translation.翻译翻译(30分分)（一）（一）Translate the following sentences into Chinese.（共（共20分，每题分，每题5分）分）1. A word processor enables you to create a document, store it electronically on a disk, display it on a screen, modify it by entering commands and characters from the keyboard, and print it on a printer.(

16、二) Translate the following paragraph into Chinese.（将下段文章翻译成汉语。）（共10分） Programming languages can be classified as either low-level languages or high-level languages. Low-level programming languages, or machine languages, are the most basic type of programming languages and can be understood directly

17、by a computer. Machine languages differ depending on the manufacturer and model of computer. High-level languages are programming languages that must first be translated into a machine language before they can be understood and processed by a computer. Examples of high-level languages are C, C+, PAS

18、CAL, and FORTRAN. Assembly languages are intermediate languages that are very close to machine languages and do not have the level of linguistic sophistication exhibited by other high-level languages, but must still be translated into machine language.Unit 1 Section A: Computer OverviewArtificial in

19、telligence人工智能人工智能Optical computer光脑光脑Neural network神经网络神经网络Instruction set指令集指令集Parallel processing并行处理并行处理Difference engine差分机差分机Vacuum tube真空管真空管Versatile logical element通用逻辑元件通用逻辑元件Unit 1 Section A: Computer Overview数据的存储与处理数据的存储与处理storage and handling of data超大规模集成电路超大规模集成电路very large-scale int

20、egrated circuit模拟计算机模拟计算机analogue computer数字计算机数字计算机digital computer处理器芯片处理器芯片processor chip操作指令操作指令operation instruction输入设备输入设备input deviceUnit 1 Section A: Computer Overview A computer is an electronic device that can receive a set of instructions, or program, and then carry out this program by p

21、erforming calculations on numerical data or by manipulating other forms of information. 计算机是一种电子设备，它能接收一套指令或一个程序，然后通过对数字数据进行运算或对其他形式的信息进行处理来执行该程序。 A digital computer is not a single machine: rather, it is a system composed of five distinct elements(1) a central processing unit; (2) input device;(3)

22、memory storage devices;(4) output devices; and (5) a communication network, called a bus, which links all the elements of the system and connects the system to the external world. 一台数字计算机不是单一的机器。确切地说，它是由5个不同的要素组成的系统：（1）中央处理器；（2）输入设备；（3）存储设备；（4）输出设备；以及（5）被称作总线的通信网络，它将系统的所有要素连接起来并将系统与外界连接起来。 A program

23、 is a sequence of instructions that tells the hardware of a computer what operations to perform on data. 一个程序就是一系列指令，告诉计算机硬件对数据执行什么样的操作 According to many historians, the true pioneers of the modern digital computer are Analytical Engine and Difference Engine. The microprocessor is a central processi

24、ng unit on a single chip. It was made possible in the mid-1970s with the introduction of the LSI circuit and the VLSI (Very Large Integrated circuit) A program is a sequence of instructions that can be executed by the a computer. It can either be built into the hardware or exist independently in the

25、 form of software.Unit 2 Section A: Computer HardwareVoice recognition module语音识别模块语音识别模块Touch-sensitive region触摸屏触摸屏Address bus地址总线地址总线Dot-matrix printer点阵打印机点阵打印机Parallel connection并行连接并行连接Cathode ray tube阴极射线管阴极射线管Video game电子游戏电子游戏Audio signal音频信号音频信号Unit 2 Section A: Computer Hardware操作系统Operat

26、ing system液晶显示器Liquid Crystal display喷墨打印机Inkjet printer串行连接Serial Connection易失性存储器Volatile memory激光打印机Laser printer基本输入输出系统Basic Input/Output System视频显示器video displayUnit 2 Section A: Computer Hardware Computer hardware is the equipment involved in the function of a computer and consist of the comp

27、onents that can be physically handled. 计算机硬件是计算机运行所需要的设备，由可被物理操纵的部件组成。 Software, on the other hand, is the set of instruction a computer uses to manipulate data, such as a word-processing program or a video game. 另一方面，软件是计算机用来处理数据的一套指令，如文字处理程序或电子游戏。 A mouse is a pointing device designed to be grippe

28、d by one hand. 鼠标是为一只手抓握而设计的指示设备. An optical scanner uses light-sensing equipment to convert images such as a picture or text into electronic signals that can be manipulated by a computer. 光扫描仪利用光感应设备将图片或文本等形式的图像转换成计算机能够处理的电子信号。 A modem, which stands for modulator-demodulator, is a device that conne

29、cts a computer to a telephone line and allows information to be transmitted to or received from another computer. 调制解调器代表调制器解调器，是将计算机与电话线连接、允许信息传送给或接收自另一台计算机的设备。 The software that controls the interaction between the input and output hardware is called BIOS, which stands for Basic Input/Output Syste

30、m. The two main types of storage devices are disk drives and memory. A serial connection transfers only one piece of data at a time while a parallel connection transfer blocks of information at the same time. Storage hardware provides permanent storage of information and programs for retrieval by th

31、e computer. The two main types of storage device are disk drives and memory. These are several types of disk drives: hard, floppy, magneto-optical, and compact. Hard disk drives store information in magnetic particles embedded in a disk. Usually a permanent part of the computer, hard disk drives can

32、 store large amounts of information and retrieve that information very quickly. Floppy disk drives also store information in magnetic particles embedded in removable disks that may be floppy or rigid. Magneto-optical disc drives store information on removable discs that are sensitive to both laser l

33、ight and magnetic fields. They can typically store as much information as hard disks but have slightly slower retrieval speeds. Compact disc drives (CD-ROM) store information on pits burned into the surface of a disc of reflective material. Unit 3 Section A: Programming LanguageStorage register存储寄存器

34、存储寄存器Function statement函数语句函数语句Program statement程序语句程序语句Object-oriented language面向对象语言面向对象语言Assembly language汇编语言汇编语言Intermediate language中间语言中间语言Relational language关系语言关系语言Data declaration数据声明数据声明Unit 3 Section A: Programming Language可执行程序Executable program程序模块Program module条件语句Conditional statemen

35、t赋值语句Assignment statement逻辑语句Logic language机器语言Machine language函数式语言Functional language程序设计语言Programming LanguageUnit 4 Section A: Computer ProgramInference engine推理机System call系统调用Compiled language编译执行的语言Interpreter program解释程序Parallel computing并行计算Library routine库程序（程序库例行程序）Intermediate program中间程

36、序Source file源文件 Programming languages, in computer science, are the artificial languages used to write a sequence of instructions ( a computer program ) that can be run by a computer. 在计算机科学中，编程语言是用于编写可由计算机运行的一系列指令（计算机程序）的人工语言。 Programming languages can be classified as either low-level languages or

37、 high-level languages. 编程语言可分为低级语言和高级语言。 High-level languages are relatively sophisticated sets of statements utilizing words and syntax from human language. 高级语言是相对复杂的一系列语句，它们使用来自人类语言的词汇和句法。 High-level languages are commonly classified as procedure-oriented, functional, object-oriented, or logic la

38、nguages. 高级语言通常分为面向过程语言、函数式语言、面向对象语言或逻辑语言。当今最常见的高级语言是面向过程语言。 A machine language is a low-level language in binary code that a computer can understand and execute directly. High-level languages must first be translated into a machine language by another program called a compiler before they can be un

39、derstood and processed by a computer. Statements known as data declarations give names and properties to elements of a program called variables. Variables can be assigned different values within the program. The properties variables can have are called types, and they include such things as what pos

40、sible values might be saved in the variables, how much numerical accuracy is to be used in the values, and how one variable may represent a collection of simpler values in an organized fashion, such as a table or array. In many programming languages, a key data type is a pointer. Variables that are

41、pointers do not themselves have values; instead, they have information that the computer can use to locate some other variablethat is, they point to another variable.Unit 4 Section A: Computer Program解释执行的语言Interpreted language设备驱动程序device drivers源程序source program调试程序debugger目标代码object code应用程序Appli

42、cation program实用程序utility program存储单元Memory Location A computer program is a set of instructions that directs a computer to perform some processing function or combination of functions. 计算机程序是指挥计算机执行某种处理功能或功能组合的一套指令。 An operating system is a program that manages the computer and the various resource

43、s and devices, monitors, keyboards, printers, and modems, so that they may be used by other programs. 操作系统管理计算机以及与之相连的各种资源和设备，如随机存储器、硬盘驱动器、监视器、键盘、打印机和调制解调器，以便其他程序可以使用它们。 The individual instructions that make up the program source file are called source code. A special applications program translates

44、 the source code into object codea format that the operating system will recognize as a proper program and be able to execute. Three types of applications programs translate from source code to object code: compilers, interpreters, and assemblers. Device drivers are system routines that are added to

45、 an operating system to allow the computer to communicate with a new device, such as scanner, modem, or printer. A compiler translates all the source code of a program written in a high-level language into object code prior to the execution of the program. A debugger is a program that is often used

46、to help find problems in other programs. Modern computers usually store programs on some form of magnetic storage media that can be accessed randomly by the computer, such as the hard driver disk permanently located in the computer, or a portable floppy disk. Additional information on such disks, ca

47、lled directories, indicates the names of the various programs on the disk, when they were written to the disk, and where the program begins on the disk media. Unit 5 Section A: Software Process ModelsSystem specification系统规范Unit testing单元测试Software life cycle软件生命周期System validation系统验证Evolutionary d

48、evelopment process进化发展过程Program unit程序单元Throwaway prototype抛弃式原型开发Unit 5 Section A: Software Process Models系统设计范例system design paradigm需求分析与定义Requirements analysis and definition瀑布模型Waterfall model系统集成system integration商用现成软件commercial off-the-shelf software基于组件的软件工程component-based software engineer

49、ing软件维护工具software maintenance tool软件复用software reuse A software process is a set of activities that leads to the production of a software product. 一个软件过程是生产出软件产品的一系列活动. A software process model is an abstract representation of a software process. 一个软件过程模型是对一个软件过程的一种抽象表示。Unit 6 Section A: Database ov

50、erviewEnd user终端用户Database administrator数据库管理员Relational database model关系数据库模型Object-oriented database面向对象数据库Database management system数据库管理系统Entity-relationship model实体关系模型Distributed database分布式数据库Flat file平面文件Unit 6 Section A: Database overview二维表two-dimensional table数据属性data attribute层次数据库模型Hier

51、archical database mode数据库体系结构Database Architecture关系数据库管理系统relational database management system原子操作 atomic operations A database management system (DBMS) defines, creates, and maintains a database. The DBMS also allows controlled access to data in the database. A DBMS is a combination of five compo

52、nents: hardware, software, data, users, and procedures. 数据库管理系统定义、创建和维护数据库。数据库管理系统也允许对数据库中的数据进行受控的访问。一个数据库管理系统由5个组成部分构成：硬件、软件、数据、用户和规程。 A database model defines the logical design of data. The model also describes the relationships between different parts of the data. In the history of database desi

53、gn, three models have been in use: the hierarchical model, the network model, and the relational model. 数据库模型定义数据的逻辑设计。它也描述数据的不同部分之间的关系。在数据库设计史上，使用过3种数据库模型：层次模型、网络模型和关系模型。 The three-level architecture for a DBMS consists of the internal, conceptual, and external level. In the relational database mod

54、el, data is organized in two-dimensional tables called relations.Unit 7 Section A: Telecommunications and ComputerAnalog transmission模拟传输Computer terminal计算机终端Radio telephone无线电话Unit 7 Section A: Telecommunications and Computer光缆fiber-optic cable无线通信wireless communication点对点通信point-to-point communic

55、ation传输媒体transmission media无绳电话cordless telephone数字用户线路Digital subscriber line综合业务数字网integrated services digital network移动电话cellular telephone Telecommunications messages can be sent in a variety of ways and by a wide range of devices. The messages can be sent from one sender to a single receiver (p

56、oint-to-point) or from one sender to many receivers (point-to-multipoint). Personal communications, such as a telephone conversation between two people or a facsimile (fax) message, usually involve point-to-point transmission. Point-to-multipoint telecommunications often called broadcasts, provide t

57、he basis for commercial radio and television programming.Unit 8 Section A Network FundamentalsCarrier sense载波监听Protocol suit协议集Peer-to-peer model对等模型Bus topology network总线拓扑结构网络Proprietary network专用网络Utility package实用软件包Star network星型网络Unit 8 Section A Network Fundamentals令牌环token ring环形拓扑结构ring top

58、ology客户机/服务器模型client/server model网络应用进程network application process打印服务器print server进程间通信interprocess communication A computer network is often classified as being either a local area network, a metropolitan area network , or a wide area network. A network can also be classified as a open network or

59、a closed network according to whether its internal operation is based on designs in the public domain or on innovations owned and controlled by a particular entity. A network can also be classified according to its topology. Among the most popular topologies are the bus topology, ring topology and s

60、tar topology. In a(n) Ethernet system, the right to transmit messages is controlled by the protocol known as CSMA/CD. The client/server model for interprocess communication defines the basic roles played by the processes as either a client or a server. The peer-to-peer model involves two processes c