定语从句定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句定语从句在句

1、定语从句定语从句定语从句是修饰名词或代词的从句。定语从句在句中起定语作用，被定语从句所修饰的词称为先行词。引导定语从句的有：引导定语从句的有：（1） 关系代词关系代词 that（2） 关系代词关系代词 who, whom, whose, which（3） 关系副词关系副词 when, where, why. what 不可以引导定语从句不可以引导定语从句指代对象指代对象人人事物事物人人+事物事物主格主格who/that which/that that宾格宾格who(m)/that which/thatthat所有格所有格whosewhose/of whichwho, whom, that代表人

2、代表人既可作动词的宾语，又可作介词的宾语，既可作动词的宾语，又可作介词的宾语，此时关系代词可以省略。此时关系代词可以省略。 The girl whom/that you saw just now is Jane.= The girl you saw just now is Jane.下列情况只能用下列情况只能用who 而不能用而不能用that.(1)当先行词是当先行词是 one, ones, anyone, those等等 Anyone who does that must be mad.(2) 用在用在 there be 句型中句型中 There is a young man who wan

3、ts to see you.(3) 当先行词是人，后面有较长的修饰语时。当先行词是人，后面有较长的修饰语时。 I met a friend of mine in the park yesterday who had got three gold medals in the Asian Games. (4) 为了避免重复或引起歧义为了避免重复或引起歧义 The man that spoke at the meeting is our new headmaster who has just come from Shanghai.(5) 当先行词是当先行词是I, you, he, they等时（常用

4、于谚等时（常用于谚语）。语）。He who plays with fire gets burned.(6) 先行词如是指成员的集体名词，先行词如是指成员的集体名词， 关系代词关系代词也用也用whoThis class, who have the tickets will go to the theatre this morning.(7) who 引导非限制性定语从句引导非限制性定语从句He, who led the USA through these years, was shot on April 14, 1965.(8) 先行词如果是拟人化名词，关系代词也可用先行词如果是拟人化名词，关系

5、代词也可用who.You will see the worker ants, who gather food for all the others.(9) 先行词指特定的人，多用先行词指特定的人，多用who; 不指特定的人，多不指特定的人，多用用that.The aunt who came to see us last week is my fathers sister.People that have not been properly trained cant do this kind of work.whose 指人或物，表所属关系。指人或物，表所属关系。Once there was a

6、 wise king whose name was Alfred.Have you seen a dictionary whose cover is blue? George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays.A.the real name B. what his real name C. his real name D. whose real name 1. The famous basketball star, _tried to make a comeback, attracted a lo

7、t of attention.A. where B. when C. which D. who2. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A. is B. are C. have been D. has been3. Have you seen the film Forrest Gump, _ leading actor is world famous?A. its B. its C. whose D. which4. In the dark street, there

8、wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help. A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom5. He was very rude to the customs officer, _of course made things even worse.A. who B. whom C. what D. which限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句(1)限制性定语从句对先行词起到限定区分的限制性定语从句对先行词起到限定区分的作用作用,并与先行词有着不可分割的关系并与先行词有着不可分割的关系

9、,如如果省去果省去,剩下的部分意思不完整不清楚。剩下的部分意思不完整不清楚。Those who want to go please put up your hands. A man who doesnt try to learn from others can not hope to achieve much.非限制性定语从句只对先行词作进一步的说非限制性定语从句只对先行词作进一步的说明和解释，如果省去，剩余的部分仍然意义明和解释，如果省去，剩余的部分仍然意义完整，表达清楚。完整，表达清楚。非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号与其余非限制性定语从句的前面往往有逗号与其余部分隔开。部分隔开。Dr.

10、Brown, who lives next door, comes from America.The snakes, which are poisonous, should be avoided.专有名词具有专有名词具有“独一无二独一无二”的含义，因的含义，因此通常用非限制性定语从句来修饰。此通常用非限制性定语从句来修饰。Hangzhou, which we visited last year, is one of the most beautiful cities in China.that 不能引导非限制性定语从句。其他引导限制不能引导非限制性定语从句。其他引导限制性定语从句的关系代词、关

11、系副词皆可引导非限性定语从句的关系代词、关系副词皆可引导非限制性定语从句，且不可省略。制性定语从句，且不可省略。 that 和和 which 指事物指事物在定语从句中作主语或宾语。在多数情况下，在定语从句中作主语或宾语。在多数情况下，两者可换用。做宾语时，关系代词可省略。两者可换用。做宾语时，关系代词可省略。Here is the dictionary which/that will be lent to you.The farm (which/that) we visited last Sunday was located in the suburbs of Beijing.先行词具有下列情

12、况之一者，引导定语从先行词具有下列情况之一者，引导定语从句的关系代词通常多用句的关系代词通常多用that, 不用或少用不用或少用which.a. 先行词为先行词为everything, anything, nothing,all, much, little, few 等时。等时。 Everything that can be done has been done. 但是，但是， something 后的关系代词，用后的关系代词，用that, which 都可以都可以b. 当先行词被当先行词被 the only, the very, the last 及序数词修饰时。及序数词修饰时。eg. Th

13、is is the only food (that) I can find for you. This is the last thing (that) I will do. c. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时。eg. This is the most interesting film (that) I have ever seen.d. 当先行词既包括人又包括物时当先行词既包括人又包括物时eg. They talked for about half an hour of things and persons that they remembered in the

14、 school.e. 当关系代词在定语从句中做表语时当关系代词在定语从句中做表语时eg. China is not the country that it used to be.f. 当先行词有当先行词有 all, any, few, little, no等修饰等修饰语时，较多的使用语时，较多的使用 that.All the books (that) he has translated are very popular here.g. 被修饰词为数词时，只用被修饰词为数词时，只用that.He brought two cats yesterday. Now I can see the two

15、that are playing in the garden.h. 如果两个从句，其中一个关系代词引用如果两个从句，其中一个关系代词引用which, 另一个用另一个用that 避免重复。避免重复。He built up a factory which produced things that had never been seen before.i. 主句是主句是there be 结构，修饰其主语的定语结构，修饰其主语的定语从句用从句用that.There is a book on the desk that belongs to Frank.j. 先行词为先行词为what, 关系代词用关系代

16、词用that.What that is on the table belongs to me.有时为了避免重复而使用有时为了避免重复而使用that 引导的定引导的定语从句。语从句。Which is the car that hit the boy?Who was the man that she danced with?通常使用通常使用which的场合的场合a. 当关系代词后有插入语时当关系代词后有插入语时I have received your constructive letter which, as I have told you, was needed by the press.b.

17、在谚语中常用在谚语中常用that which 的用法的用法That which is well done is twice done.c. 先行词是指物的先行词是指物的that和和those时，用时，用which不不用用that.Whats that which he refused to accept? 1. The result of the experiment was very good, _ we hadnt expected.A.when B. that C. which D. what2. Caral said the work would be done by October,

18、 _ personally I doubt very much.B. it B. that C. when D. which3. All of the flowers now raised here have developed from those _ in the forest.A.once they grow B. they grow onceC. they once grow D. once grew as 引导的定语从句引导的定语从句（1） as 作关系代词和关系副词引导限制作关系代词和关系副词引导限制性定语从句，并在从句中做主语、定语或性定语从句，并在从句中做主语、定语或状语，构成

19、状语，构成 the sameas 和和suchas 等等结构。结构。I like the same book as you do.(as 做宾语做宾语) I shall do it in the same way as you did.(as 做状语做状语)I want to have such a dictionary as you have.(as 做宾语做宾语)当当 the same修饰先行词时，引导定语从句修饰先行词时，引导定语从句的关系代词可用的关系代词可用as, 也可用也可用that。用。用that表示表示他所引导的内容与先行词所讲的事物是同他所引导的内容与先行词所讲的事物是同一个

20、；用一个；用as既可表示既可表示“同一同一”又可表示又可表示“同同类类”。This is the same bicycle that I have lost.这是我丢失的那辆自行车。这是我丢失的那辆自行车。This is the same bicycle as I have lost.这辆自行车跟我丢的那辆一样。这辆自行车跟我丢的那辆一样。 （2）as 引导非限制性定语从句。引导非限制性定语从句。as 在定在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前。从句说明整个句子，可以放在主句之前。As we all know, he st

21、udies very hard. (as 代代表整个句子，做宾语表整个句子，做宾语)As is known to all, he is the best student in our class.(as 代表整个句子做主语代表整个句子做主语)as is said aboveas already mentioned aboveas is known to allas it isas is often the caseas is reported in the newspaperwhen, where, why做关系副词引导定语做关系副词引导定语从句从句（1）when代替代替 at/in/on/d

22、uring which, 在定语从句中作时间状语。在定语从句中作时间状语。Tell me the time when (=at which) the train leaves.July, when(=in which) we can go home for a rest, is coming soon.where 表地点，只能跟在表示地点的名表地点，只能跟在表示地点的名词后，它在定语从句中做地点状语词后，它在定语从句中做地点状语This is the school where (=at which) I used to teach.What is the name of the town wh

23、ere (=in which) we stayed last night.(3) why 指原因，引导从句修饰名词指原因，引导从句修饰名词reason. why 可用可用that 替换，或省略。替换，或省略。I dont know the reason (why/for which/that) he left here.The reason why his sister was late is that her husband is dangerously ill in hospital.句中句中why 不可用不可用that 代替，以避免重复；代替，以避免重复；that 不能用不能用because 或或why 替代。陈述句主语替代。陈述句主语reason 的表语从句中只能用的表语从句中只能用that 引导，引导，that不做从句中的任何成份。不做从句中的任何