石材论文：石材加工污水处理工艺及过滤设备的研究

1、 石材论文：石材加工污水处理工艺及过滤设备的研究【中文摘要】石材在切割与磨光过程中,产生大量高浊度污水,造成了水资源的浪费和环境的污染。课题面向中小石材企业提出一种新型石材污泥脱水系统,在实验与数值模拟相结合的基础上,按照污水絮凝、沉淀、浓缩、固液分离的顺序,改造设计出运行经济的处理工艺和脱水设备。本系统的研发促进了石材污水处理技术的发展,同时带动了石粉再循环利用相关产业,符合循环经济发展的趋势。借鉴一般工业和生活污水处理行业的成熟技术,根据企业要求并在方便技术升级的基础上,课题提出污泥脱水系统的总体规划,包括处理工艺、进料系统、脱水系统和辅助系统。结合日照某石材企业污水生产现状,对沉淀池进行

2、了改造,并进行了参数设计,提出了一套完善的处理工艺。对污泥固有特性污泥比阻进行了实验研究,污泥浓度低于0.20g/ml时,比阻值a变化明显,高于该值变化趋于平坦；选用聚合氯化铝(PAC)和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)两种絮凝剂作为添加剂时,对过滤时间、含水率都有较大改善；当按配比添加PAM溶液10ml、PAC溶液7ml时,比阻为0.77×107cm/g,比未添加絮凝剂时降低了55.2%,比只添加PAM时降低了30%,具有明显的絮凝效果,这为进一步完善处理工艺和过滤参数提供了参考。在PRO/E中建立了压滤过滤的数值模型,应用GAMBIT进行了网格划分；采用固液离散相模型和欧拉模型相结合,基于k

3、-湍流模型,在FLUNT中模拟了尺寸为0.7×0.7×0.03m滤室的压力场和速度场分布,分析了不同条件下湍流作用对料浆分离快慢的影响,并得出理想的过滤参数。这为设备的具体型号选择提供了参考,并丰富了过滤理论。设计了一套完善的污泥脱水设备,确定了压滤机的基本结构,选择涤纶滤布作为过滤介质,过滤目数在300-400之间。选用气动隔膜泵作为新式供料设备,对泵的具体型号进行了估计,实现了泵与压滤机的参数匹配。添加了输送带、储泥箱等辅助设备,系统采用PLC控制,完善了控制系统的设计。面向1-10台锯机规模的企业,将污泥脱水系统进行系列化设计,对其运行费用、社会效益进行了评价,分析表

4、明系统满足中小石材企业对污水处理技术的要求。【英文摘要】In the stone cutting and polishing process, it will produce massive high turbidity sewage, which will cause the waste of water and environmental pollution. Based on the experiment and numerical simulation of combining, the subject puts forward a new type of dewatering sys

5、tem for small-sized and medium-sized stone material enterprise. According to the sequence of sewage flocculent, precipitation, concentration and solid-liquid separation, the subject designs an economic treatment process and dewatering equipment. This new system will promote the development of stone

6、sewage treating technology, and guide the related stone recycling industries. It conforms to the development trend of the circular economy.Learning from the mature treatment technology of the general industrial and domestic sewage processing industry, the subject proposes an overall planning of slud

7、ge dewatering system according to the enterprises requirements and convenience to upgrade, including the processing craft, feeding system, dehydration systems and auxiliary system. On the basis of one stone enterprises sewage production status in Rizhao city, the sedimentation tank was redesigned, t

8、he parameter design was accomplished, and a set of complete process was put forward in this paper.The subject conducted the experimental study of sludge resistance which is part of stone inherent characteristic. The resistance a changes significantly when the sludge concentration is lower than 0.20g

9、/ml, unobvious when over the value. Its filtration time and the moisture content has greatly improved when choosing polymerization AlCl3 (PAC) and polyacrylamide (PAM) as additives. The specific resistance is 0.77×107cm /g when PAM solution is 10ml, PAC solution is 7ml which was added in accord

10、ance with the ratio, which decreased 55.2% than the case without adding flocculant and 30% than the case adding PAM solution only. It improves the flocculation, and provides a reference for improving the treatment process and filtering parameters further.Flow field of the three-dimensional entity fi

11、ltering model was established using PRO/E, and the model was meshed with GAMBIT. Using discrete phase model and combining the Euler model, voltage force, velocity field distribution of 0.7×0.7×0.03 meters-filter chamber were simulated in FLUNT based on k-factor turbulence model. According

12、to the analysis of turbulence effect on pulp separation speed on the different conditions, it obtained the ideal filter parameters, offering guidance for selecting the specific model of equipment and enriching filtration theory.It designs a set of perfect sludge dewatering equipment, determines the

13、basic structure of pressure filter; chooses polyester filter cloth as the filter medium, which have filter mesh between 300 to 400. It chooses pneumatic diaphragm pumps as new material feeding equipment, estimates the pumps specific models and realizes the matching relations between the pump and fil

14、ter press. The conveyor belt, reservoir mud boxes and auxiliary equipment were designed, PLC control system was introduced and the design of control system was completed. Facing the 110 sets scale enterprise, it series the sludge dewatering system, evaluates the system operation cost and social bene

15、fits. Analysis shows that the system satisfies sewage treatment technology requirements of stone enterprises.【关键词】石材 污水 污泥比阻 数值模型 压滤机【英文关键词】stone sewage sludge resistance numerical model filter press【目录】石材加工污水处理工艺及过滤设备的研究摘要9-10ABSTRACT10-11第1章 绪论12-221.1 课题研究背景12-131.2 石材污水处理技术研究现状13-191.2.1 石材污水处理技

16、术发展13-161.2.2 过滤设备发展现状16-171.2.3 过滤理论的发展17-181.2.4 絮凝理论及实践18-191.2.5 多相流理论及数值模拟191.3 课题研究的目的及意义19-201.4 课题研究的主要内容201.5 章节结构安排20-22第2章 新型石材污泥脱水系统总体方案及工艺设计22-382.1 新型石材污泥脱水系统总体规划22-242.1.1 总体设计原则222.1.2 总体设计指标22-232.1.3 系统功能划分23-242.2 污水处理工艺分析24-272.2.1 一般工业污水处理工艺流程24-252.2.2 污水处理原则252.2.3 一般污水处理方法25-

17、272.3 新型石材污水处理工艺设计27-292.3.1 石材污水处理设计指标272.3.2 石材污水处理工艺设计27-292.4 工艺参数设计29-362.4.1 自由沉降理论29-302.4.2 现有沉淀池的改造设计30-352.4.3 絮凝剂的添加35-362.5 工艺分析36-372.5.1 系统平面布置36-372.5.2 工艺流程分析372.6 本章小结37-38第3章 石泥脱水特性的优化分析38-563.1 石材污泥过滤特性的分析383.2 实验方案设计38-413.2.1 实验分析38-393.2.2 污泥比阻的测量方法39-403.2.3 絮凝剂的选取40-413.3 实验操

18、作过程41-453.3.1 实验药剂与仪器41-423.3.2 实验操作过程42-453.4 实验数据的记录处理45-483.5 实验数据的分析48-543.5.1 数据的计算48-503.5.2 石材污水过滤特性分析50-543.6 本章小结54-56第4章 石泥脱水过滤数值模拟56-704.1 流体运动基本方程56-584.2 数学模型及其算法58-614.2.1 湍流模型58-594.2.2 多相流模型59-604.2.3 模型数值算法60-614.2.4 CFD-FLUNT614.3 石材污水过滤模型的建立61-644.3.1 在PRO/E中三维实体模型的建立61-624.3.2 GAMBIT网格划分624.3.3 压滤离散模型的建立62-644.4 过滤模型的分析64-694.4.1 压力和速度分布64-664.4.2 固相率分布66-674.4.3 不同截面下的分布67-694.5 本章小结69-70第5章 石材污泥脱水设备设计70-865.1 脱水装置的总体结构70-715.2 脱水装置的结构71-735.