定语从句1学案

1、定语从句(I)由关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose引导的定语从句定语从句是中学一个非常重要的语法内容，对于阅读、写作尤其有用，同学们可以用“列表法”攻克这一语法重点。一、概念定语从句：在复合句中，修饰某名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。其作用相当于形容词。先行词：被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。关系词(引导词)：引导定语从句，连接主句与从句的词叫做关系词，分关系代词(that, which, who, whom, whose 等) 和关系副词(when, where, why等)两类。The team who were wearing green won

2、the game finally. 注意：关系词的选用由先行词在定语从句中所充当的句子成分决定。限制性定语从句：是修饰先行词必不可少的成分，去掉从句后整个句子的意义就不能成立或意思不清楚。含限制性定语从句的复合句通常翻译为“的”，置于先行词前。如：The man who robbed him has been arrested.抢劫他的人已经被逮捕了。It's the best hotel that I have known.这是我所知道的最好的旅馆。非限制性定语从句：对所修饰的词没有限定词义的作用，而是作一些补充说明，通常都用一个逗号把它和句子的其他部分分开，去掉非限制性定语从句对剩

3、下部分没有太大的影响。在译成中文时，这个从句多译成一个并列句。如：Peter, who had been driving all day, suggested stopping at the next town. 彼得开了一整天的车，他建议在下个镇停一停。Football, which is a very exciting game, is played all over the world.全世界都在踢足球，它是一项令人兴奋的运动。二、关系代词 that, which, who, whom, whose 的用法关系词指代对象在定语从句中充当的成分例句that人或物主语或宾语(作宾语时可省略；

4、但which前有介词时 不可省略)The girl that/who told us the news is his sister.那个告诉我们消息的女孩儿是他妹妹。He gave me a book that/which was bought in the UK.他给了我一本在英国买的书。which物This is the car (which/that) he bought last year.这就是他去年买的车。We visited the house in which Lu Xun lived.我们参观了鲁迅先生住过的房子。who /whom人The lady (who/whom/th

5、at) we met in the park comes from America.我们在公园见过的那位女士来自美国。whose人或物定语The girl whose father had given us a report got first.她的爸爸给我们作过报告的那个女孩得了第一。He lives in a house whose door faces south.= He lives in a house the door of which faces south.= He lives in a house of which the door faces south.他住在一所门朝南的

6、房子里。(注：whosethe.ofwhich/whom)三、关系代词的特殊用法 1. 指物时只能用that不能用which的情况(1) 先行词是不定代词，如 some, any, all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one 等。Is there anything that I can do for you? 我能为你做点什么吗？That is all that I know. 这是我所知道的全部。(2) 先行词被不定代词或every, only, few, little, just, r

7、ight等修饰 You can take any seat that is free. 你可以在任何一个空位坐下。There is little time that we can use. 我们能用的时间几乎没有了。I read all the books that you gave me. 你给我的书我全都看了。(3) 先行词被 the only, the very, the same, the last 等修饰 This is the only book that can be useful for us. 这是唯一一本对我们有用的书。This is the very thing that

8、 I'm after. 这正是我所追求的。(4) 先行词前被序数词或形容词最高级修饰 It is the first composition that I have written in English. 这是我写的第一篇英语作文。This is the most interesting film that we have ever seen. 这是我们看过的最有意思的电影。(5) 先行词为数词Yesterday I caught two fish and put them in a basin of water. Now you can see the two that are st

9、ill alive.昨天我捉了两条鱼把它们放入了一盆水里。现在你可以看到它们还是活的。(6) 先行词中既有人又有物 He told us the people and the places that he had visited.他告诉我们他曾拜访过的人，参观过的地方。(7) 主句中有 who, whom 或 which，关系代词宜用 that，以避免重复 Who is the man that is reading the newspaper over there？那个正在那边看报纸的人是谁？Which is the book that you like best? 哪个是你最喜欢的书？(8

10、) 先行词为主句的表语而关系代词在定语从句中也作表语 My home village is no longer the place that it used to be.我的家乡再也不是以前的那个小村庄了。She is no longer the sweet little girl that she used to be. (9) 主句以there be开头，先行词为物时常用that引导定语从句。There is a room in the building that is still free. PS: 在以There be开头，先行词为人的句子中，常用who引导定语从句。Eg. There

11、 is a pretty girl who wants to see you. 2指物时用 which 不用 that 的情况(1) 当动词短语的介词提前时。The pen with which he is writing was bought yesterday.他正用来写字的笔是昨天买的。(2) 先行词本身为 that 时。如：That which you told him about is exciting.你告诉他的事是令人兴奋的。(3) 引导非限制性定语从句时(可修饰一个先行词，也可修饰整个主句)This is his house, which is 50 years old.(wh

12、ich 指代“房子”) 这是他的房子，有 50 多年了。Tom was late again, which made his teacher angry.(which 指代主句) 汤姆又迟到了，这使他的老师很生气。3. 指人时只能用who不能用that的情况(1) 先行词是one, ones, anyone, those时Anyone who leaves the room last should turn off the lights. Those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French. (2) 当先行词是I, you, he, they等时（多用于谚语中）He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.(3) 以There be开头，先行词为人，用whoThere is a pretty girl who wants to see you. (4) 在介词前置时只用whom Do you want a friend to whom you could tell everything