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1、高中英语正确发音的知识与技巧(内容全面,例子精典)1、有关语音的概念1) 字母:语言的书写形式。元音字母a,e,i(y),o,u2) 音标:词的语音形式。3) 音素:音的最小的单位。英语中有48音素。4) 音节:由元音和辅音构成的发音单位。apple,student,teacher,understand5) 元音:发音响亮,是乐音;口腔中气流不收阻碍;是构成音节的主要音。英语中有20个元音6) 辅音:发音不响亮,是噪音;口腔中气流受到阻碍;不是构成音节的主要音。英语中有28个辅音7) 开音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音+e name bike home due; b) 辅音+元音 he,go,hi

2、8) 闭音节:a) 辅音+元音+辅音 bad,bed,sit,hot,cup; b)元音+辅音it9) 重读音节:单词中发音特别响亮的音节。2、元音:1) i: sea,he,see,piece,ceiling2) i sit,build,miss,myth3) e bed,desk,head4) bad,land,bank,stamp5) a: car,fast,class,plant,calm,aunt6) hot,want7) : door,more,sport,ball,warm,author,court,bought,caught8) u: good,who,blue,soup9)

3、u look,put,women,could10) cup,come,blood,rough11) : girl,work,serve,nurse12) cadre,ago,forget,polite,dollar,doctor,famous,Saturday13) ei cake,they,play,eight,great14) ai bike,die,neither,light,try,find,height,eye15) u phone,cold,boat,soul,grow16) au house,town17) i boy,oil18) i dear,idea,deer,here,f

4、ierce19) pear,care,there,fair20) u tour,poor3、容易混淆的元音1) e bed bad; men,man; pen,pan; lend land2) i: ei real rail; greet,great; mean,main; read raid3) e AI bet bite; red write; said side,head,hide4) au : house horse; loud lord; south sauce; now nor; count corn; cloud clause5) au found fond; gown gone

5、; down don4、辅音1) p pen2) b bed,comb3) t tell4) d,day,played,wanted5) k cold,sky,quick,school,back,accept,box6) g big,go,guess,language7) m man8) n nine,knife,autumn9) bank,uncle,English,sing10) l land,world11) r read,write12) f five,cough,laugh13) v voice,of14) think15) this,bathe16) s sit,miss,scie

6、nce,case,scarf17) z zoo,close18) sure,she,social,nation19) / pleasure20) h hot,who,hour21) w wall,what,answer22) j yes23) t child,teach,catch24) d/ joke,bridge25) ts boats26) dz goods27) tr tree28) dr dream5、容易混淆的辅音1) v w vet wet; vest west; vine wine; very well2) s sink think; sort thought; miss my

7、th; mass math3) z closing clothing; breeze breathe; bays bathes4) n thin thing; sin sing; ban bang win wing; ran rang6、读音规则(1)元音字母在重读音节中的读音元音字母读 音例 词a在开音节中einame plane Jane baby cake在闭音节中bag dad hat map black backe在开音节中i:he these me Chinese在闭音节中ebed let pen desk yes eggi在开音节中aibike fly drive time ni

8、ce kite在闭音节中ifish big drink sit milk swimo在开音节中outhose close go hoe home no在闭音节中clock not box shop socku在开音节中ju:student excuse duty Tuesday在闭音节中bus cup jump much lunch在开音节中,元音字母u在辅音字母j l r s后面时读u:音,例如:June blue ruler super特例:vague vogue range paste plague change strange taste waste ache waste scythe

9、 opaque这些单词中的th ng gu ch st qu都被看作一个整体,都被看作一个辅音字母,其中的元音字母按开音节规则发音。和以上读音现象不同的词有:tingei manye anyeEnglishi prettyepolicemani: machinei: 这两个词源自法语,保留法语发音。 下面的两个词livei givei保留了古英语的发音。(2)元音字母在非重读音节中的读音元音字母读 音例 词aChina another woman breakfastiorange comrade village cabbageehundred student open weekendichic

10、ken pocket begin childreni/iholiday beautiful family animalaiexercise satelliteosecond tonight somebody welcomeualso zero photouautumn difficultju(:)popular congratulation January动词中的a如果处在开音节位置,a读ei音,例如:operateu处在开音节位置,又在辅音字母j l r s后面时,读u(:)音,例如:July influence February issue在非重读音节中,许多单词中的元音字母a e i 即

11、可以读作音,也可以读作i音。不符合规则的词:robot n.机器人 alcohol n.酒精 aerosol n.烟,雾 phenol n.酚苯 substrate n.【生化】【半导体】基质;底物(3)元音字母在重读音节中的特殊读音元音字母读 音例 词a在w音后面want what watch wash qualitya在f n sk ph sp ss st th前:after plant graph ask grasp glass fast fatheri在-nd -ld和gh前aifind child light higho在-st -ld前oumost postcard old col

12、do在m n v th前come monkey love mother(4)-r音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读 音例 词arar在w音后面:car farm dark sharpener:warm quarter towardsoror在w音后面:forty morning short:word worker worseer ir st1:place w:st=onur:certainly bird Thursday辅音字母r双写时,前面的元音字母不能与r构成-r音节,而是按重读闭音节的拼读规则发音。例如: carry sorry hurry-r音节在非重读音节中通常读 音,例如:d

13、ollar teacher martyr forget Saturday例外的词:attorney: worn: sword: quarrel surround sur-不重读 suppose sup-不重读 collect col-不重读(5)-re音节元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读 音例 词arecare dare hareereihere mereireaifire hire wire ore:more score beforeurejupure cureare ere ire ore很少出现在非重读音节中,ure在非重读音节中读 音,例如:picture pleasure重读元音

14、字母加Rr,再加非重读元字组时,重读元音字母应按-re音节拼读规则拼读,字母Rr读r音。例如:parent zero story during inspiring 某些常用词及多音节词经常出现长音短化现象。例如:orange very American paragraph 不符合规则的词:there where ciresrei sureu burialberil deterioratei(6)元音字组在重读音节中的读音元音字组读 音例 词ai/ayeiafraid rain wait day playairair hair chair pair repair alal在f m前small b

15、all talk wall all:l always also salt almost:half calmau/aw:autumn daughter draweai:teach easy cheap pleaseeheavy bread sweater weathereibreak great earihear dear near clear yearbear pear wear swear:earth learn earlyeei:jeep week green threeeeripioneer deer beerei/eyeieight neighbour theyi:either key

16、eu/ew在j l r s后ju:new few newspaperu:flew brew jewelry ie/eis音之后i:piece field receiveoaoucoat Joan boat goaloar/oor:roar board door flooroi/oyinoise point boy toiletoou:broom food tooth schoolubook look cook foot goodou / owauflower house count downuknow row throw thoughyoung country enoughu:group yo

17、u soupour:course your fourauour hour ours:journeyui在j l r s后ju:ifluid suicide tuitionu:juice fruit suit不符合规则的词: plaid because: laugh:ea的另外两种发音Seattle这个词中的ea并不是个字母组合,双写辅音字母强调其前面的单个元音字母a是重读音节,而且是个闭音节。i idea really / beautifuleitheri:美语发音 ei发i:音的例词很少。abroad: oasis:eisis oa并未构成元字组,不在同一音节。knowledge n: li

18、 d/ 长音短化现象ou/ow的另一种发音:,cough thought(7)非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音元音字组或字群读 音例 词ai/ay ei/eyiSunday foreign monkeyowouyellow sparrow tomorrow元音字组在非重读音节中读音或i。例如: neighbour serious famous biscuit coffee-sion -tion nimpression nation -sion在元音字母后 nvision decision occasion -tion在s后 nquestion suggestion-stensnlisten-s

19、tleslwhistle-sure/ pleasure measure-turetpicture culture(8)非重读音节中元音字组和字群的读音复合词中的第二部分不标注重音符号,但其中的元音字母或元音字组仍按重读音节拼读规则拼读。例如:everydayei handbag blackboard:有些词随着语言的发展,前后两部分已失去其单独存在的意义,融合成为一个词。其中的非重读部分要按非重读音节的读音规则发音。例如:sun太阳 + dayei日子 Sundayi 星期天holy神圣 + dayei日子 holidayi 假日break中断 + fast:斋戒 breakfast 早餐cu

20、p茶杯 + board木板: cupboard 碗柜 (9)辅字组的读音辅字组读 音例 词bbbike bus bag/bomb tomb cc在e前或在i/y前kcake picture coat musicsface decide cinemachtmuch chick rich teacherkschool headache chemistrymachine Chicago-ckkcock pocket black knockdddoctor bread hand day -dged/bridge fridgedr-drchildren driver drinkfffive four b

21、reakfastgg在e i/y前g bag gardon go d/orange large German ghfcough enough/light daughter highgu- -guegguess league dialogue guitarwlanguage anguish hhhot head house hand/hour honestjd/jeep jar joke join Julykkkind bike skate make weekkn-nknife know knocklllife milk school tallmmmonkey come autumn-mnmau

22、tumn column solemnnn在k g音前nnot shine ten note uncle thank hungry-ngmorning young wrongpppaper plane pig ship penphfelephant photo telephoneqkIraqqu-kwquality quite rrred rubber rulers在词首或清辅音前元音字母间或浊辅音前ssit sleep deskzmusic husbandsc-skscarletsmuscle scienceshshe fish shirt washt在通常情况下在弱读字母ia ie io前t

23、ten letter meetpatient nationtchtwatch th在通常情况下在冠词 代词 介词 连词中在词尾-the -ther中thin thirty methodthe these with thanclothe father weathertr-trtree train country truckvvvery voice love leavewwweek win wake sweet wait/answer two wh-wh-在字母o前wwhat when white whyhwho whose wholex在重读元音前 ksbox text exercisegzex

24、amle exist exactwr-rwritey-jyes yard yellow youngzzpuzzle zero zoo不符合规则的词:get girl give gird girder girdle gink gimp gimme和字母k一样,g在字母n前面通常不发音,也可把gn-看成一个辅字组:gnarl gnar gnash gnat gnathic gnathism gnaw gnome gnomic gnu单词字母g也有不发音的现象: diaphragm7、特殊读音1)音的连读:前面的词以元辅音结尾,后面的单词以元音开头,这样结尾的辅音要和开头的元音连读。例如:not a

25、t all,half an hour,I love you and all、after all2)失去爆破:辅音爆破音或摩擦音后面跟的是爆破音、破擦音和摩擦等,前面的辅音要失去爆破。例如:good girl,good student,good job,expression,school,extreme3)音的同化:两个特殊的音碰到一起,会发出变异成特殊的音。例如:Would you do it? I am glad to meet you、Cant you see it? last year,this year。8、重音1)单词重音A)双音节词a)一般在第一个音节重读。letter,sorry

26、。b)有 a-,be-,de-,re-,res-,in-,im-,en-,em-,es-,ex-,con-,com-,dis-,mis-,pre-,per-,pro-,trans- 等前缀的词,第二个音节是重音。about,believe,address,decide, report, condemn, respect,compare,inform,discuss,impress, mistake, enforce,prepare,employ,permit,escape,produce,exclaim,translate。c)有 de-,in-,re-,con-,pre- 等前缀的重音与词义

27、和词类有关,一般名词的重音在第一个音节上,其它的词性在第二个音节上。record,record; insult,insult; conduct,conduct; present present; content,content。d)有些复合词和带有前缀 re-,ex-,un-,pre-,post-,等的词,有两个重音。outside,retell,well-known,unreal,fifteen,Chinese,pre-war,post-war。B)多音节词a)一般倒数第三个音节是重音。difficult,communist,family,economy,opportunity,democr

28、acy。b)有一些双音节词,加了前缀和后缀成了多音节,但这些词按原来词根的重音读音。carefully,indefinite,comfortable,conductor,according,disturbance,complicated,establishment。c)词尾有-eous,-grahpy,-ial,-ian,-ic,-ics,-ience,ient,-ify,-ion,-ious,-ity,ive 后缀的词,重音在这些后缀的前一个音节上。courteous,calligraphy,editorial,historian,periodic,mathematics,experience,sufficient,identify,translation,religious,curiosity,protective。d)词尾有 -ain,-ee,-eer,-ese,-ette 后缀的词,重音在该后缀上,而且有一个

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