七年级英语 (讲义14：动词用法综述) 张世佳

1、【精品文档】如有侵权，请联系网站删除，仅供学习与交流七年级英语 (讲义14：动词用法综述) 张世佳.精品文档.辅 导 讲 义年 级：初中+高中 辅导科目： 英语 培训师： 课 题动词用法综述及动词词义辨析教学目标1. 动词的分类2. 动词词义辨析3. 不同种类动词的用法重点、难点1. 动词词义辨析2. 不同种类动词的用法教学内容动词用法综述英语动词是句子的核心。它既决定着句子意思的表达同时又决定着句子的语法结构。难怪有人说，英语是动词和介词的语言。可见研究动词的用法在英语学习中是十分重要的。一、分清及物不及物分清动词的及物不及物是在英语学习中必须解决的首要问题。动词及物与不及物通常有以下几种情

2、况：主要用作及物动词。及物动词后面必须跟宾语。可以用于：“主谓宾”；“主谓双宾”；“主谓宾宾补”结构。如：He reached Paris the day before yesterday.please hand me the book over there.they asked me to go fishing with them.类似的还有：buy, catch, invent, found, like, observe, offer, prevent, promise, raise, find, forget, receive, regard, see, say, seat, suppl

3、y, select, suppose, show, make, take, tell.主要用作不及物的动词。不及物动词后面不跟宾语。只能用与：“主谓”结构。this is the room where i once lived.类似的还有：agree, go, work, listen, look, come, die, belong, fall, exist, rise, arrive, sit, sail, hurry, fail, succeed.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义不变。如begin 都是作“开始”讲。例如：Everybody, our game begins.

4、 Let us begin our game. 类似的还有：start, answer, sing, close, consider, insist, read, learn, prepare, pay, hurt, improve.既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的动词，其意义完全不同。这类动词作不及物动词是一个意义；而作及物动词时却是另一个意义。如lift作不及物动词时是指烟雾的“消散”。we saw the mountain when the clouds lifted. 作及物动词时是“升高；举起”。he lifted his glass and drank.类似的还有：beat vi.

5、跳动 vt. 敲、打; grow vi.生长 vt.种植play vi.玩耍 vt. 打（牌、球）,演奏 smell vi.发出（气味） vt. 嗅 ring vi.（电话、铃）响vt.打电话speak vi.讲话 vt. 说（语言） hang vi. 悬挂 vt.绞死 operate vi.动手术 vt. 操作二、辨别表动作与表结果的动词表动作的动词强调动作的发生，不涉及该动词的结果。如：he looked at the picture. he saw a picture .前一句中的动词强调“看”这一动作；而后一句中的动词表示“看到”这一结果。类似的还有：tear at; tear, lo

6、ok for; find, try to do sth.; manage to do sth., prepare for; be prepared for, advise; persuade 等。三、记住瞬间动词英语中不少动词所表示的动作在瞬间就可以完成如：he arrived in paris yesterday. 而另一些动词所表示的动作则可以延续如：they worked until 12 oclock last night.特别是在现在完成时态的句子中，瞬间动词的完成时态不能跟表示一段时间的时间状语连用。瞬间动词有：arrive, borrow, buy, close, fall, f

7、inish, go, join, kill, hit, leave, lend, die, marry, open, reach, return, start, stop, recognize.等。四、掌握好表状态的连系动词与表变化的连系动词英语中的连系动词主要分为两大类：表状态的连系动词。如：he is a good worker. 除了be 而外，还有：stand(位于),lie(位于),stay, have, consist of, belong to, exist, weigh, own.等。另一类连系动词表示动作或变化，是由行为动词转化而来的。一般在这些连系动词后跟形容词作表语如：h

8、is hair grows grey. 这类连系动词还有: turn, become, taste, smell, sound, look, feel, get. 五、注意词义相近，用法不同的动词表主观与客观的动词I received his invitation last night, but i didnt want to accept it. 该句中，动词receive, accept 都表示“接受”但前者表示客观地接收到什么东西；后者表示 “i” 的主观意愿。类似用法的动词还有：listen to; hear, look at; see, must; have to等。2表直接与间接的

9、动词he heard that the scientist would come to our school. he heard of the news that the scientist would come to our school.前句中hear的表示直接听说的，而后一句中hear of 的表示间接听说的。类似用法的动词还有：know; know of, speak; speak of, talk; talk of等。六、重视多字动词的用法所谓多字动词是指动词与某些副词、介词构成的动词词组。一般有四种形式：1“动词+介词”结构。 该结构中的动词是不及物动词，当和一些介词搭配后，则把它

10、看成一个整体，即把它看成一个及物动词。如：we never thought of such success when we first started.类似用法的还有：agree to, ask for, attention to, break into, call upon, deal with, laugh at, dream of, listen to, look at, operate on, talk about, rely on, refer to.2“动词+副词”结构。该结构中的动词是及物动词的，该结构及物；是不及物的，则不及物。如：we put off the sports m

11、eet.after he grew up, he went to London to work for a company.类似用法的还有: bring about, bring up, call up, carry out, find out, give up, hand in, help out, look up, make out, pass on, point out, put away, put down, put away, put down, put off, put on, ring up, set up, take up, think over, turn down, use

12、 up, work out., wake up, shut up, come about, break out, carry on, come up, fall over, get away, get back, look out, go up, go out, stay up.在这类结构中，必须注意有的多字动词即及物又可不及物。有的甚至汉语意义也完全不相同。如：he looked up and saw his teacher in front of him. (vi. 抬起头看)he looked up the word in the dictionary. (vt. 查找)类似的有brea

13、k down vi.（车等）坏了 vt. 分解，分为 ;go over vi. 走过去 vt. 复习，仔细查看等。3“动词+副词+介词”结构。如：we should do away with that sort of thing.类似的有：give in to, catch up with, look down upon, make up for, put up with.4“动词+名词+介词”结构。该结构是最多，最常见的多字动词。如：we will take care of them. 类似的有：catch sight of, keep an eye on, make use of, mak

14、e a fool of, make fun of, make room for, make sure of, knock out of, have a word with, pay attention to, put an end to, set fire to, take advantage of, take hold of, take note of, take notice of, take part in, take pride in, take possession of, play a trick on, play a part in.动词词义辨析动词辨义主要指：1、形状相同的动词

15、之间辨义。如：lie, lay; hanged, hung; rise, raise; sit, seat等。2、意义相近的动词之间辨义。如：borrow, lend; speak, say, talk; hope, wish等。3、动词与其它词形相近、意义相似的词的辨义。如：advise, advice; cost, worth; pass, past 等。4、意义不同，但容易混淆的动词的辨义。如：explain, say; discover, invent, uncover; find, find out等。5、某些常用动词的习惯用法的辨义。如：ask, give, call, make,

16、 find, get, keep, want, see, hear等。6、某些常用动词短语的辨义。如：give in, give up, turn on, turn off, turn down, turn up等。（一）易混动词1、lay（放）, lie（躺）与lie（说谎）：这三个易混动词构成见下表：中 文原 形过 去 式过去分词现在分词说 明放laylaidlaidlaying及物动词躺lielayainlying不及物动词说谎lieliedliedlying不及物动词2、rise和raise：rise是不及物动词，其过去式是rose，过去分词是risen，而raise是及物动词，是规则

17、动词。3、hear与listen to：hear侧重点是听到，听见什么，而listen to是侧重于听的倾向，但hear用于无意中的听见，而listen to却用于集中注意力的听。4、see, watch和look：see用作看电影，剧目；watch则用作看电视比赛，而watch还有在旁观看之意。如：Are you going to play or only watch?；look一般用作不及物动词，只是当盯着某人看时用作及物动词，如：The little boy looked me in the face.（小男孩直盯着我的脸。）5、wind和wound：wind意为蜿蜒而行，其过去式与过去

18、分词都是wound，而动词原形wound意为伤害，其过去式、过去分词都是wounded。6、hang的用法：hang有两个意思：一为悬挂，是不规则动词，过去式、过去分词都是hung；二为绞刑，是规则动词，其过去式、过去分词都是hanged。7、bear的过去分词born与borne：bear作为出生讲有两个过去分词born，borne。只有当be+born短语后没有by介词短语时，才可用born。如:He was born in Shanghai. 而作它用时要用borne。如：She has borne five children. 但如果作忍受讲，则一律用borne。8、sit与seat：

19、seat为及物动词时是作容纳讲，sit只是表示一动作。seat如果表示就座时要用be seated。如：They were seated at their desks. 或用seat oneself, 比如:I seated myself in the armchair.9、borrow, lend与keep：借入英文中用borrow，借出用lend，但这两个词都是截止性动词或瞬间动词，不能用于长时间的动作，所以我能借多久应用keep。10、win与beat：win作胜、赢讲时其后应接，a game, an argument, a battle, a prize, a contest, a r

20、ace, a bet，但不能接人，如果接人则有另外的含意。如:I have won him. 即我已说服他了，我赢得他的好感。而beat是及物动词为击败、胜过讲，直接接人、队。11、steal与rob：steal为偷。rob为抢，其用法不同。steal其后接物+from+某人、某地，而rob其后接人+of+抢的物品。12、fit与suit：fit与suit均可作合适讲，但英文中却用在不同的地方。如fit用于尺寸大小的合适，而suit则多用于颜色式样的合适。 13、take, bring 与fetch：英文中拿三个词，即拿来，拿去，去取然后回来(即双程)。所以拿来，带来是bring，拿去带走是t

21、ake，而去取回来是fetch。14、shut与close：shut与close有时是可以互换的，但有些地方则不可这样做。如:在正式场合多用close，而在命令，态度粗暴的场合则用shut。如:Shut your mouth!(闭嘴)；又如:Shut up. 在指铁路、公路交通关闭或停止使用的场合，则要用close。15、answer与reply：作为回答讲answer是及物动词，如作不及物动词，则意义不同，如answer for，意为向某人或向某事负责。而reply作回答讲是不及物动词，后跟宾语时，要加上to。16、reach，arrive与get to：reach当到达讲是及物动词，而当延

22、伸和拿得到、拿不到时讲，则是不及物动词。作到达讲时还有get to, arrive(at/in)。17、cost，spend与take：英文中花费有三个词cost, spend, take，但各有不同用法。cost作 “花费”讲，主语不能是人，而spend的主语不能是物。如: she spent all his money on stamps.而take作花费讲时，可用人也可用物做主语。更多的用法是用形式主语it，如It takes me three hours to finish this work.18、lost, gone与missing：作补足语时意为丢失、不见了，可以用lost, g

23、one，但要用 miss时则不能用missed, 而要用missing.19、have on, wear, put on及dress：作穿衣服讲的动词分为状态和动作两种。have on与wear作穿着状态讲;但have on不用进行时态，而wear则常要用进行时态。put on是动作，但dress既可用作状态，又可用作穿衣动作，但用作状态时要用其过去分词作形容词如:He was dressed in a b1ue suit作动作讲时，其后不要接衣物而要接反身代词或表示人、物的名词，如：I dress my children in the morning every day.20、begin与s

24、tart begin与Start 均可作开始讲，并无多少区别，同样可接不定式或动名词，但在下面的场合多要用Start：1)机器的开动发动；2)旅途的开始。如:we shou1d have to start early because there was a lot traffic in the street。21、allow 与permit allow与permit其后直接接动作时要用动名词，如接人后再接动词则要用不定式，所以用在被动语态时一定要用不定式。如：People are not allowed to spit.22、find与foundfind找到的过去式和过去分词都是found，而

25、found是动词“建立”的原形，其过去式和过去分词是founded，founded，如：The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.23、speak, say, talk 与tell英文中讲有4个词，speak, say, talk, tell，但其中speak, talk多用作不及物动词，但speak后加语言名词时则用作及物动词，如：Please speak English。而say与tell是及物动词，其中tell常用作接双宾语，如：Tell me a story。但也有些特定的习惯用法，如：在作讲实话，讲谎言，表示时间常用单宾语而不

26、能换其它词，如：My watch was broken. It couldnt tell time correctly。在书信、便条、海报上写着英文应为It said 。在作辨别不同讲时是tell，如：Can you tell me the difference between the two？而讲别人好坏话时用speak，如：The father always speaks well of his son.。24、excuse me 与sorryexcuse me用于来打拢对方前以提醒对方注意的提示语，而sorry则表达因作了某事向对方道歉。25、care for 与care to doca

27、re for其后要接不定式时则要省去for或换用名词，如：Would you care for a cup of tea？但care for作照顾讲时与look after相同。26、与名词易混的动词有：advise(v.), advice (n.); accept(v.), except(prep.); pass(v.), past(prep.); bathe(v.), bath(n.); breathe(v.), breath(n.); choose(v.), choice(n.); succeed(v.), success(n.); 27、意义相近的动词：ring摇铃，打铃，电话铃响，s

28、trike专指敲钟，打几点，撞击；suggest提出实验性或推测性的建议，advice表示对经验不足人的一种忠告；look由视觉得出的印象，seem暗示一定根据的判定，appear外表印象而实际或结果并非如此；stay停留，逗留，remain遗物，某物被取走一部分后剩余部分；discover（发现）找到早已存在但未被人所了解的东西，invent（发明）研制出不存在的东西；remember记忆起以前经历或知道的事，remind提醒某人做某事。28、动词 + 副词 + 介词：catch up with, look forward to, come up with, keep up with, go

29、 in for, look down on, get on with 29、动词 + 介词to的词组有：come to, stick to, object to, agree to, turn to, attend to, belong to, devote to, reply to 30、与in相结合的动词有：give in, hand in, bring in, drop in, succeed in, take in, check in, engage in, fill in, trade in 课内练习1( ) 1.-Is this your ruler? -No, I _ its h

30、is pen.A. think B. see C. look D. watch( ) 2 Will you go and _ the match with us?A. see B. watch C. look D. look at( ) 3 The old worker asked me if I _ what the speaker said.A. listened B. caught C. saw D. took( ) 4 After supper, he listens to the radio and_ a newspaper.A. sees B. reads C. watches D

31、. looks2( ) 1. We dont know the word. Lets _ in the dictionary.A. look it B. look at C. look up it D. look it up( ) 2 Please_ before you cross the road.A. look up B. look yourself C. look around D. look again( ) 3 Smith took the dictionary, _ it and then_ it on to Philip. A. looked at; passed B. put

32、 away; tried C. looked up; spent D. paid for; put( ) 4 -What are you _?-My key.A. look for B. finding C. look after D. looking for( ) 5 Could you please _ my cat while Im out?A. look for B. look out C. look after D. look at3( ) 1 I cant_ my pen. Can you see it?A. look B. see C. find D. watch( ) 2 In

33、 the old days it was difficult for the poor to _ a job.A. find B. look for C. find out D. look after( ) 3 He_ his watch everywhere, but he didnt_ it.A. looked for; find B. found; look for C. looked after; find D. looked at; find( ) 4 Please_when well start tomorrow.A. lookout B. find out C. find D.

34、look for4( ) 1 It _ me about a quarter to go to school on foot every day.A. pays B. spends C. costs D. takes( ) 2 My parents _ about 1, 000 yuan for my school education each year.A. spend B. take C. cost / D. pay( ) 3 How much_this coat_?A. pay; for B. does; cost C. does; spend D. does; take( ) 4 Qu

35、ite a lot of people watch TV only to_time.A. have B. pass C. take D. pay( ) 5 He _ one hour on his homework yesterday.A. spent B. got C. took D. cost5( ) 1 Will you_ your new book here? Id like to have a look at it.A. bring B. take C. get D. carry( ) 2 A strong wind will arrive in Harbin. It will_ m

36、uch rain.A. bring B. take C. carry D. get( ) 3 Dont forget to_ your school bag with you when you come here this evening.A. take B. bring C. keep D. hold6( ) 1. -Do you know Mr Brown?-No, but I _ him before.A. often heard of B. have known C. have heard of D. often listen to( ) 2 Tom is listening to t

37、he teacher. But he cant _ him.A. listen B. listening to - C. hear D. heard( ) 3 I havent_ my good friend, John for years, iA. hear of B. hear C. hear from D. heard from( ) 4 He _ and_ a sound in the next room.A. listened to; heard B. listened; heard C. heard; listened to D. heard; listened7( ) 1 It

38、was eight oclock when I _ the station.A. got B. arrived in C. arrived at D. reached to( ) 2 Did you _ the station on time?A. get B. arrive C. reach D. arrived at( ) 3 What time did you _ to school this morning?A. get B. got C. reach D. reached8( ) 1 -Will you please _ us a story, Miss Gao?-OK. Shall

39、 I _ it in English or in Chinese?A. tell; speak B. talk; speak C. tell; say D. talk; say( ) 2 He went on _ for a long time, but he _ so fast that few of us could catch what he_.A. talking; spoke; said B. speaking; told; saidC. talking; spoke; told D. telling; spoke; talked( ) 3 Could you _ me how to

40、 _ this word in French?A. tell; speak B. speak; talk C. talk; say D. tell; say( ) 4 I saw him, but I didnt _ to him.A. say B. tell C. speak D. talked( ) 5 Lets go and_ hello to him.A. speak B. talk C. tell D. say( ) 6 Do you_English, sir?A. talk B. tell C. say D. speak9( ) 1 Could you _ me your dict

41、ionary? I want to find the meaning of this new word.A. keep B. lent C. borrow D. lend( ) 2 I can _ you my dictionary, but you can _ it for only a week.A. borrow; borrow B. lend; borrow C. borrow; keep D. lend; keep( ) 3 -May I_ your bike?-Certainly, but you mustnt_ it to others.A. lend; lend B. borr

42、ow; lend C. borrow; borrow D. lend; borrow10( ) 1 Why not_ us in singing some new songs?A. take part in B. join to C. join D. to join( ) 2 He was ill, so he didnt _ yesterdays leesons.A. join B. attend C. take part D. join in( ) 3 Next week well have a meeting_.A. to take part in B. to join C. to at

43、tend D. attending( ) 4 All of us _the spring sports meet last Saturday.A. joined B. took part in C. attend D. joined in1( ) 1 Every night the noise_.A. wakes him out B. wake up himC. wakes him up D. wake him up( ) 2 She _ to sleep, but she was never able to sleep well.A. came B. fell C. tried D. mis

44、sed( ) 3 I like what she _. I hate what she _.A. likes; hates B. like; hate C. liked; hates D. to like; to hate( ) 4 She picked it up and _. A. gave me it B. gave to me it C. gave it me D. gave it to me( ) 5 The shoes are yours. Please_.A. put it away B. put them away C. put away it D. put away them

45、2( ) 1 The stars _ very small because theyre very far away from us.A. are B. look C. change D. become( ) 2 The room _ cool in summer andwarm in winter.A. feels B. is felt C. feels to be D. is felt to be( ) 3 You dont look so_ as usual. Why not go to see a doctor?A. well B. better C. badly D. worse(

46、) 4 His temperature seems _.A. right B. all right C. well D. true( ) 5 The cake smells .A. well B. badly C. good D. terribly3( ) 1 Will you go to the Great Wall if it _ fine tomorrow?A. will B. was C. is going to be D. is( ) 2 Please come to our meeting if you _ free tomorrow.A. will B. will be C. a

47、re D. were( ) 3 _ you free now? I have some questions to ask you.A. Will B. Do C. Are D. Would4( ) 1 His grandpa_for a year.A. died B. has been deadC. has been death D. was died( ) 2 I wont go to bed until my mother _ back.A. came B. comes C. will D. come( ) 3 The pupils _ the Summer Palace tomorrow

48、 afternoon.A. visit B. visited C. have visited D. are going to visit( ) 4 He_ his homework this time yesterday.A. is doing B. was doing C. did D. will do( ) 5 Two years ago, he_the Youth League.A. has joined B. joined C. took part in D. entered5( ) 1 -Were you here yesterday?-Yes, I_.A. am B. was C.

49、 are D. were( ) 2 What _ they doing now in the forest?A. is B. are C. were D. was( ) 3 The young people _ in the mountain area and they _ planting trees now.A. is; are B. are; are C. are; were D. was; were6( ) 1 The girl_beautiful at all.A. isnt B. doesnt C. didnt D. arent( ) 2 Ive told him _ the do

50、g any more.A. dont play with B. not to play withC. dont play D. not to play( ) 3 -My pen_.-Neither does mine.A. wont write B. didnt write C. doesnt write D. is not written( ) 4 He_ his homework last week. He_ ill.A. doesnt do; is B. didnt; /C. didnt do; was D. not did; was7( ) 1 I think Miss Gao is

51、the best teacher in our school. _ you_ me? A. Do; agree with B. Are; agree with C. Are; angry with D. Are; agree with( ) 2 _ your mother a bus driver?A. Are B. Is C. Did D. Does( ) 3 _ you been to the Great Wall?A. Has B. Have C. Do D. Does8( ) 1 He _ in the reading room just now.A. is B. was C. wil

52、l be D. will( ) 2 The boys_ very happy during the holidays.A. is B. were C. am D. was( ) 3 How many deer _ there on the farm last year?A. are B. were C. is D. was9( ) 1 My mother_free last week.A. isnt B. arent C. not was D. wasnt( ) 2 They_busy the other day.A. arent B. werent C. is D. wasnt10( ) 1

53、 _ there many trees on both sides of the river last summer?90 Its a Haidian top probleA. Are B. Is C. Was D. Were( ) 2 _ there any snow on the ground last night?A. Are B. Were C. Is D. Was( ) 3 _ her sister at home yesterday evening?A. Is B. Was C. Will be D. Are11( ) 1 Who_ in the next room, singin

54、g the song just now?A. are B. is C. was D. am( ) 2 -When _ they going to start?-Next week.A. is B. are C. were D. will be( ) 3 -Where_you last week?-We went to London for a holiday.A. are B. were C. is D. am12( ) 1 Could you tell me if there _ plenty of rain in the east of China?A. has B. have C. is

55、 D. are( ) 2 Can you tell me if _ any books in the bookstore?A. are there B. were there C. there are D. there have( ) 3 There _ a modern hospital in my hometown.A. have B. has C. are D. is13( ) 1 Here_.A. comes the bus B. the bus comes C. does the bus come D. coming the bus( ) 2 There_.A. come they B. they come C. they are coming D. they will come( ) 3 Now_.A. comes your turn B. your turn comes C. does your turn come D. your turn coming