【高中英语教材知识梳理】选修八Unit2

1、Unit 2 Cloningart 1输人必备知识词句通关. 语基程管.NoJ狂背单词7/I单词语境记忆1.cast on line votes 网上投票2.the moral of the story这个故事的寓意3.follow the proceduresstrictly 严格遵循程序4.forbid him from drinking 不准他喝酒5.undertake the work for the time being 目前承担这项工作6.the powerful media 强大的媒体7.the completely arbitrary choice 完全任意的选择8.a bre

2、akthrough in cancer research 癌症研究的突破9.adore film stars 崇拜影星10. the drawback to living on a main road 居住在大路旁的不利条件n.词性转换与派生记忆1.twin n.双胞胎之一；孪生儿之一adj.成对的；成双的2.bother vt 打扰 vi.操心n.烦扰3.strike vi.& vt.打；撞击；罢工n.罢工4.differ vi.不同；相异different adj.不同的differenee n.差异5.exact adj.精确的；准确的exactly adv.准确地mercial

3、 adj.商业的；贸易的commerce n.商业；贸易7.merely adv.仅；只；不过mere adj.仅仅的8.correct ion n. 改正；纟片正； 修正 correct adj.正确的 v. 改正9.object vi.反对；不赞成objection n.不赞成；反对；异议10. accumulate vt.& vi.积累；聚积accumulation n.积累；增加11.retire vi.退休；离开retirement n.退休；弓 I 退12.assumption n. 假定； 设想 assume vt.假定； 设想13. regulation n.规则；规章

4、；法规regulate vt.调节；管理14. popularity n.受人喜爱；流行popular adj.流行的；通俗的15. resist vt.抵抗； 对抗resista nee n. 抵抗； 对抗resista nt adj.有抵抗力的； 抵制的16.deeoration n. 装饰； 装修 decorate v .装饰； 装修17.reasonable adj.合情理的；讲道理的reason n.原因；道理川.单词趣味串记1. His theory is very straightforward while hers is quite complicated. 他的理论很简单，然

5、而她的理论相当复杂。2. The man with thiek glassesoperatesthe opera. 戴着高度近视镜的那个男子经营着这家歌剧院。3. There were severa loaves of bread on the ground covered with falle n leaves 地上有几条面包，上面覆盖着落叶。联想记忆1. “动词副词 ”构成的合成名词1drawback缺点2breakdown 崩溃；故障3farewell 告别4feedback 反馈5set- up 计划；组织6break up 分手；中断2. 含词根一 sist 的词集锦1resist

6、v. 抵抗2in sist v.坚持3persist v. 坚持4assist v. 协助5assistant n. 助手6eonsist vi. 由. 组成3.表示“反对；拒绝”的词荟萃1agai nstprep.反对2oppose v. 反对3object vi.反对4disagree vi. 不同意5reject vt. 拒绝6refuse v. 拒绝4.“完全地”完全掌握1altogether 总共；完全地2en tirely 彻底地，完全地3completely 完全地；圆满地，全面地4totally 完全地；总共5wholly adv.完全地5. ance 结尾的名词荟萃1acqu

7、aintance 熟人； 相识的人2assistanee 援助；协助3performanee 表演；演奏4resista nee 抵抗； 对抗5relianee 信赖；依赖6guidanee 指导NO.2NO.2狂背短语 /短语背诵1. pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；偿清2.cast down 使失望；使沮丧3.object to 反对4.in favour of 赞成； 支持5. (be) bound to (do). 一定或注定(做)6.o one s 使 eart 刻骨铭心7. from time to time 不时； 偶尔8.bring back to l

8、ife 使复生；使复活9.in vain 白费力气；枉费心机10. in good/poor condition 状况好/坏；情况好 /坏词块积累1.growing plants 生长着的植物2.natural clones 自然克隆3.new plant species 新植物物种4.the disturbing news 令人不安的消息5.become seriously ill 患重病6.cloned animals 克隆的动物7.raise a storm of objections 引起了一阵强烈的反对8.open everybody s eyes 开了人们的眼界9.a mixtur

9、e of fear and excitement 既兴奋又恐惧10. resist that disease 抵抗疾病NO3 狂背句式1.Cloning plants is straightforward while cloning animals is very complicated.克隆 植物简单，而克隆动物非常复杂。2.Then came the disturb ing n ews that Dolly had become seriously ill 接 着传来了多莉病重的坏消息。3.Did she die young because she was a clor?它死得早，因为它是

10、克隆羊吗？4.Diversity in a group means having animalswith their genes arranged in differentways种群多样性是指种群中动物的基因以不同的方式排列。5.The advantage is thatif there is a new illness some of these animals may di,butothers will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation. 其优点是，如果发生了某种新的

11、疾病，这类动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外 一些却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。 移背落实I.单词拼写1. We are supposed to undertake (承担)the resp on sibility to lead a low carb onlifestyle, which is of great significanee.2. With medical breakthrough 突破),people are livi ng a healthier and Ion ger life.3. As is well known to all, there are altog

12、ether总、共)seven continents in the world.4. Nowadays, energy can be obtained 获得 )through various sources such as ojl coal,natural gas, solar hea, the wind and ocean tides.5. Our school is a non-smoking school.So smoking is forbidden 禁止)here.6. So I have no choice but to bother 打扰)you to correct my mis

13、takes in the materialI attach to the letter.7. But just as a coin has two sides, Internet has its own drawbacks (缺点)which shouldnot be n eglected.8. When asked about the secret of his successhe owed 归功于)it to his parents.9. I regret to inform you that we are unable 不能的)to offer you employment.10. Mo

14、ral (道德的)scienee is taught as a subject in most schools but with little effect.n.词性变化练习1. Her advice sounds reasonable (reason) and we should take it into consideration.2. I did n t say that I wan ted to buy it buterely (mere) asked for the price.3. We had our furniture moved to the new house when t

15、he decoration (decorate) of thehouse was fini shed.4. From the appearanee we can not tell the differences (differ)between the twins.5. Grey decided to move to the countryside and his mother made no objection to it,while his father objected to it.(object)6.Don tassume that you are a princess and stop

16、 living in assumptions anymore.(assume)7. The purpose of education is not only the accumulation of knowledge.And it alsomeans accumulating intelligenee as well as abilities.(accumulate)8. Nowadays few people can resist the temptation of smartphones for so many interesti ng things in them make anyone

17、 tryi ng to be resistant to them fin ally give up theirresistance (resist)川选词填空pay off, cast down, object to, be bound to, strike.nto one brihgaifeck to life, in vain,in poor condition1. The house really is in poor condition it would cost far too much to repair.2. Keep on working hard like this , an

18、d your research is bound_to obtain greatsuccess.3.Si nee George heard of his failure in the exan, he has bee n very cast down.4. His efforts to raise money for his program were in vain because no one showed anyinten ti on to take a cent out of their pockets.5. Mountain Tai struck its beauty into_her

19、 heartand she decided to visit it aga in the next year.6. She made it clear that she objected_to the propogalforit was useless.7. In ancient times, people believed that they could be after death.8. The athlete s years of hard trairrniagi _off whe n she fin ally won the Olympic goldmedal.IV .补全句子1. S

20、he is very diligent, while, he_is lazy. 她很勤奋，而他很懒。2. Then came the exciting news_that our team won the game.然后传来了令人兴奋的消息，我们队赢得了比赛。3. The children rushed to the fron, excited _and happy孩子们又激动又欣喜地跑到了前面。4. With al! the work finished, she has time to go shopping.所有工作都完成了，她有时间去购物了。5. My suggestion_is tha

21、t if it rains tomorrow we had better go to the library. 我的建议是，如果明天下雨，我们最好去图书馆。P_art 2|掌握核心型出分层突破人d1 1核心要点突破1. differ vi.不同；相异brought _back _to一life(1).differ from = be different from 与不同differ in = be differe nt in 在.方面不同(2) differe nee n. 不同；区别make a differenee 有影响；重要，要紧单句语法填空1Even though we comple

22、tely differ from each other jn character, we are stillgreat frie nds.2On ly if we know what we do in our daily life and live a low carb on life can wemake a differenee.佳句背诵However, I think that you will quickly adjust to them although theweather and the fooddiffer from yours.(天津高考满分作文 )可是，我认为你会很快适应，

23、尽管天气与食物都与你们那里不同。2. object vi.反对；不赞成 n.物体；目标(1) object to sb/sth反对；不赞成某人/某事object to doing sth 反对做某事(2) objection n.反对；厌恶单句语法填空1We object to being blamed(blame) for something that we haven t done.2As far as I m concerriehave an objection (object) to charging for parking.佳句背诵Today, more and more En gl

24、ish words find their way in to the Chin eseIanguage.Some people support it while otherobject(江苏高考满分作文 )现在，越来越多的英语词汇出现在汉语中，(对于这种现象)有些人支持，然而有些人反对。3. forbid vt(forbade/forbad, forbidden)禁止；不准forbid doing sth 禁止做某事forbid sb to do sth forbidsb from doing sth单句语法填空/句型转换1I hope that our gover nment will do

25、 someth ing to forbid sett in g(set)offfireworks.There are quite a lot more ways to celebrate the festivals after all.2The heavy rain forbade us from going out, so we had to stay at home aimlessly.3把改为独立主格结构The heavy rain forbidding us to go outwe had to stay at home aimlessly.佳句背诵Forbidding us stud

26、entsto go out of the campus has raised a storm ofobject ions.禁止我们学生走出校园引起了一阵反对的浪潮。名师指津forbid 后不能直接跟动词不定式作宾语，但可直接跟动名词作宾语,也可用 forbid sb to do sth 形式，有类似用法的单词还有：allow, permit, advise等。4.owe vt 欠(账、钱、人情等)；归功于.；应感谢(1) owe sb sth= owe sth to sb 欠某人某物owe.to.把. 归功于owe it to sb that.多亏某人(3) owi ng to 因为；由于 单

27、句语法填空/补全句子1I owe jt to you that I have made great progress in my English.2I must say I owe_al|_the二achievements_o the encouragement and help frommy colleagues and frie nds.我必须说我的所有成就都应归功于我的同事和朋友们的鼓励和帮助佳句背诵Owing to the huma n beings destructive in flue nee, the nu mber of thisprecious species has pro

28、mptly dropped to less than 10 陕西高考书面表达 )由于人类破坏性的影响，这种稀有物种的数量已经迅速降至不足100 头。禁止某人做某事5. bother vt 打扰 vi.操心n.烦扰；令人烦恼的事或人bother to do/doi ng sth费心做某事It bothers sb that/to do sth 使某人苦恼的是（2）put sb to any bother 给某人添乱一句多译一直没有对他讲真话，这让我很苦恼。f It_bothers me_not to have told him the truth.f It_bothers _me _thatI

29、haven t told him the truth.fNot hav ing told him the truth put me_bother:佳句背诵What bothers me most is that he seems to show no interest in his study.最使我伤脑筋的是，他似乎对学习毫无兴趣。6. pay off 得到好结果；取得成功；还清，偿清；（付清工资后）解雇一词多义写出句中 pay off 的含义1Eve ntually, our determ in atio n and patie nee paid offwe made great prog

30、ress inEn glish.得到好结果2What made him happy was that after all these years he at lastaid off all his debts.偿清，还清3The bosspaid off the employee due to his bad man agemen 付清工资后）解雇pay back偿还（欠款）;报复pay for 付.的钱；因.而受惩罚pay a visit to 参观.； 看望.单句语法填空4I cfalso like to know how much I have to pay for the course

31、 and whetheraeeommodati on is in eluded.佳句背诵Will you please pay a visit to Tianjin again so that we may meet again（2017 天津高考书面表达）你能否再次参观天津，以便于我们可以再次见面？名师指津pay off 当“（努力、辛苦）取得好结果，得到回报”讲时，为不及物动 词短语，在句中用主动语态。7. in good/poor condition 状况好/坏；情况好 /坏out of con diti on健康状况欠佳worki ng/livi ng/studyi ng con di

32、ti ons 工作 / 生活 /学习环境on condition that.在.条件下；倘若.on no condition 点也不；决不（放在句首时，用部分倒装语序）补全句子1My grandmother takes exercise every day and she is in. good_ condition now. 我奶奶每天都锻炼身体，她现在身体状况很好。2You can keep the books for about 3 weeks on condition that you preserve them well.这些书你可以借三个礼拜，条件是你必须好好保存。3On no c

33、on diti on should you lose heart whe n you are in trouble.当你处境危险时，你决不能失去信心。佳句背诵They also say that once moved animals will have more space and betterliving conditionsin the suburbs.全国 川书面表达）他们说一旦搬迁，在郊区动物将会有更多的空间更好的生活环境。8. The advantage is that“优势是 ” ，that此处引导表语从句。The advantage is that if there is a n

34、ew illness some of these animals may die，butothers will survive and pass on the ability to resist that disease to the next generation.教材原句）其优点是如果发生某种新的疾病，这些动物中的一些可能会死掉，但是另外一些 却能存活下来，并且把这种免疫力传给下一代。the chance is that. 有可能.the problem （of.） is that.（.的）问题是.the strength （of.） is that.（ 的）优势是the drawback

35、 （to.） is that.（.的）缺点是.the disadva ntage （of.） is that.（的）不足是.1The advantage of con sumpti on rat ings is that the higher rati ng means the higher qualityof the product, or better service.（2018 江苏高考满分作文）消费排名的优势在于其排名越高，产品质量越高或服务质量越好。2The drawback to the popularity of cars is that it brings about so m

36、uch air polluti on.汽车普及的缺点是它带来了严重的空气污染。3It is possible that one smoker in four will die of lung cancer.f The chance_is that one smoker_in_ ur will_die_f lung cancer.g g 2 2考纲词汇专练I.多义词专练一一选择语境中词汇的含义1. altogetherA.总而言之（常作插入语）B. adv.完全地，全部地（相当于 completely） C. adv.总共（表示总数或总额，多修饰数词）1You owe me $68altoget

37、herC2The train went slower and slower un til it stoppedaltogetherB3The food was good and we loved the musiA Itogether it was a great eve ning_2. strikeA. v.迷住 B . v.突然想起 C. v.袭击 D . v.报时E . n.罢工1The visitors were struck by the beauty of the West Lake2That area wasstruck by a sno wstormQ3When the clo

38、ck strikes six, the children go home for dinner4They were on strike for higher paysEC. complicatedD. bound5As I watched them, an idea struck me.Bn.微阅读一一写出黑体词汇在语境中的词性和词义The media are con sta ntly expos ing food safety problems.Researchers, based on thedata attained, made a conservativeassumption that

39、 70% of the food consumers arevictims of harmful food.There are some people who can resistthe t temptation of becomingwealthy.They embark upon illegal activities merely to obta in commercial ben efits, without bothering to care about other people s safet y.I thi nk compulsory regulati ons on foodsaf

40、ety must be made and food producti on8procedures must be strictly monitored.We should object to any arbitrary cha nge of theregulati ons, forbiddi ng anyone to accumulate wealth in an immoral way.n.(pl.)媒介；手段；工具vt.获得3adj.保守的 vt.抵抗5adv.仅；只； 不过 vt.打扰； 费心adi.必须做的；强制的 n.程序；步骤9adj.任意的 vt.积累；聚积川.微完形-根据语境选

41、出正确选项People differ greatly in cloning technique.Some people are _1_ its developme nt, forthey believe it will be 2_ to ben efit us. One of the adva ntages of cloning is that large quantitiesof _3 food can be produced to meet people s needs.Besides, we can also clone humanbody organs for medical use.

42、On the contrary, others stro ngly _4_it, feeli ng cast dow n tofind that it could raise a storm of _5_ questions.ln order to forbid the technique, they don t6_ to list as many disadvantages as possible.However, in my opinion, cloning will pay off onconditionthat all un dertake to use it properly.1.

43、A.i n favour ofB.owing toC. in vai nD.on strike2. A.straightforwardB.arbitrary3. A.identicalB .in itialC. commercial4. A.bother toD . resista ntB . object toC. pay forD . bring back5. A.moralB . twinC. compulsoryD . exact6. A.castB . botherC. attai nD . accumulate答案 1.A 2.D3.C 4.B 5.A6.BPart 3练实基础考点

44、多维检测i.在空白处填入1 个适当的单词或所给单词的正确形式 一一热考常考1. Seeing Tom in those funny clothes I was unable(able) to resist laughing.2. His parents tried to persuade him not to apply for the well paid job , but their efforts werejn vain.3. Though I left my hometown when I was only a child, from time to time I still thin

45、k of it.4.India attained(attain) independence in 1947 after decades of struggle.5. They agreed to go merely(mere) because they were getting paid for it.6.John had obtainedobtain) his parentspermission before he went abroad.7. Equipped with modern facilities, today s libraries differ greatfyom those

46、of the past.8. It indicates that your argument is based on a completely false assumption(assume)n.用所给词的正确形式填空不规则变化1. The other day, he undertook(undertake) to finish the work, however difficult it might be.2. His hard work paid(pay) off when he got promoted.3. The fisherman_cast(cast) his net into t

47、he wateropened a book and waited patiently.4. These flowers have brought(bring) my dull room back to life in the past days.5. Our teacher .struck(strike) the importanee of safety into our hearts.So we were allcareful when crossing the street.6.Ever since tha, my doctor has forbidden(forbid) me to ea

48、t sugar.川改正下列句子中的唯一错误 易错易混1.The authority strongly objects smoking in public places.objects 后加 to2 .Appare ntly , it is a perfectly reas on ably expla nati on for hisabse nce.reason ab 胪 reas on able3.Ask her a good many questions to make sure we know exact what she wan ts.exacHexactly4.I talked to

49、my nephew about it, and he was in the favour of going there with us. 去掉 the5.He will be able to make a life there short after that.shorshortly6 . The man couldn Resist show off his being hired by the big compa ny.show show ingIV .根据语境选出加黑词的正确含义一一熟词生义A. seemed to B. attacked C. chosen1.This comb in a

50、ti on of heali ng myself and heali ng the world struck me as the perfect solution.B2.Music tale nts from many differe nt coun tries were cast to play in the film.CP_art 4|提高应试技能切块集训丨阅读提速练III阅读理解AMagaz ines can help get kids psyched about read in g.The thrill of flipp ing through a fresh magazine can

51、 totally drive a new reader to practice words and lear n about topics they might not no rmallybe exposed to.For young readers who want to be en terta ined and learn something new here areour favorite kids magazine subscription picks.1. National Geographic KidsNational Geographic Kids is designed for

52、 children ages 6 to 14.The magazine is published by theNational Geographic Society and has been in publication sinceSeptember 1975.With each issue， young readers enjoy a wide range of regular features such as“ AmazingAnimals ”， “ Weirdbut True ”， “ CoolInventions a”nd “ Guinness World Records.”Ayeoa

53、nresubscription (10 issues) is $15.2MuseThis magazine，launched in January 1997，features nine cartoon characters known as theMuses.The articles expose kids ages 9 and up to history ， science and the arts.RegularMusecontent includes fun facts， a question andanswer page and fun themes such as extraterr

54、estriallife 外星生命),urba n lege nds and pirates.A oneyear subscription (nine issues) is $34.3ChopChopThis is an awardewinning，noneprofit quarterly magazine for kids ages 5 to 12.ChopChop is filledwith great recipes，interactive games and educational food facts and is intended to inspire andteach kids t

55、o cook real food with their families.ChopChopreceived the 2014 ParentsChoice GoldAward and was named the James Beard 2013 Publication of the Year.A oneeyear subscription(four issues) is $15.4HighlightsWho doesnrtemember reading Highlights magazinewhether at home or at the dentists of？ficEevery 40epa

56、ge issue helps children explore exciting new topics，investigate cool subjects andlearn about our wonderful world.Highlights is ideal for ages 6 to 12 and features storie，spuzzles，games，riddles，science experiments and craft projects.High Five，the preschool version ofHighlights，is intended for little

57、ones ages 2 to 6.A onee year subscription (12 issues) is $40.【语篇解读】 本文是应用文。主要介绍了针对小孩的几种杂志。1How much is a twoeyear subscription to a magazine launched in 1975?A$30.B$34.C$40.D$68.答案 A细节理解题。 根据第一本杂志介绍中的 The magazine is published.since September 1975和 A oneeyear subscription(10 issues) is $15 可知选 A 项。2

58、.What is special aboutChopChop?A.It has a history of 42 years.B.It has nine cartoon characters.C. It is helpful for kids to learn to cook.D. It includes a question- and answer page.答案 C 细节理解题。根据第三本杂志介绍中的第二句 to inspire and teach kidsto cook real food with their families 可知选 C 项。3.Which magazine is su

59、itable for a two- year old child to read?A.Nati on al Geographic Kids.B.High Five.C. MuseD. ChopChop.答案 B 细节理解题。根据第四本杂志介绍中的倒数第二句High Five, the preschool version ofHighlights , is in ten ded for little ones ages 2 to 6 可知选 B 项。4.What topic do Muse and Highlights have in com mon?B. Craft projects.D .

60、Ani mals.答案 A 细节理解题。根据第二本杂志和第四本杂志的介绍， 可知二者都涉及 到了科学，故选 A项。The word heliography（日光胶版术）usually refers to a photographic process inven tedin 1822, but artist Michael Papadakis has given it a new meaning.Michael used to create art in the old way with painting and drawingsupplies, but on a trip along the Silk Roa