代词(知识梳理)

1、.代词真题再现1. The meeting will be held in September, but_ knows the date for sure. A. everybody B. nobody C. anybody D. somebody2. Niki is always full of ideas, but _ is useful to my knowledge. A. nothing B. no one C. neither D. none3. The research group produced two reports based on the survey, but _ c

2、ontained any useful suggestions. A. all B. none C. either D. neither4. John, when shall we meet again, Thursday or Friday? _. Ill be off to London then. A. Either B. Neither C. Both D. None5. To warm himself, the sailor sat in front of the fire rubbing one bare foot against . A. another B. the other

3、 C. other D. either6. Studying Wendys menu, I found that many of the items are similar to _ of McDonalds.A. those B. one C. any D. all7. Sophia waited for a reply, but _ came.A. either B. another C. neither D. none8.The quality of education in this small school is better than _ in some larger school

4、s. A. that B. one C. it D. this9. How would you like if you were watching your favorite TV program and someone came into the room and just shut it off without asking you? A. them B. one C. those D. it10. When you are done with the book, just give it to Lucy or Helen or _.A. whoeverB. wherever C. wha

5、tever D. however1. B。此题考察的知识点是不定代词。句子大意：会议将在九月份举行，但是没有人知道确切的日子。故B正确。2. D。句意：Niki总有很多点子，但据我所知没一个有用。nothing “没有东西，没有事情，泛指什么东西都没有，与句意不符。no one只能指“没有人，排除。neither用于表示第二个人或者物“也不或“两者都不，排除。none既可指人也可指物，用于三者以上的全部否认，表示“某些人或物中没有一个，符合题意。3. D。该句中all全部；none没有一个；either两个中任何一个；两者都不。根据该句意思：那个研究团队在那个调查上得出了两个报告，但是两个报告

6、里面没有任何有用的参考。4. B。根据答语“Ill be off to London then.可知，约定的星期三或者星期五对John来说，都不行。在选项中B选项是“两者都不之意，符合语境。因此，正确答案为B选项。5. B句意：为了温暖自己，这个水手坐在火前面一只光脚摩擦另外一只脚。因为人有两只脚，一只是one，另外一只是the other，所以选B。6. A。those = that ones，代指前面的many of the items，表示复数、特指，被of McDonalds.修饰，符合语境。ones表示复数、泛指；any任何一个；all全部，均不符合语境，故排除。7. D。句意为：S

7、ophia等候答复，但没有任何答复。根据转折连词but可知，此处应用表示否认意义的代词，排除A项和B项。neither意为“两者都不，排除C项。D项说法正合句意。8. A。此题考察的是代词的指代用法。句意：这所小学校的教育质量要好于一些大学校。句中代词代指不可数名词the quality of education，故用代词that。代词it和one都代指可数名词单数。应选A。9. D。句意：当你正在看一个你喜欢的节目时，突然有个人进来，一声不吭地关掉电视，你会怎么想？it作形式宾语，指代if后面的句子。10. 解析：A。此处whoever是代词，意为：任何人，无论谁。它作to的宾语。句意：你看

8、完书后，把书给Lucy或Helen，或谁都行。语法讲解高考考纲对代词考点的要求是：理解代词的分类；掌握人称代词的格及其语法功能；掌握名词性物主代词和形容词性物主代词的用法和区分；掌握反身代词的用法及其语法功能；掌握指示代词、不定代词和互相代词的用法，特别是不定代词的用法比较。对代词部分的备考注意力应集中于不定代词，应重点学习不定代词的意义特征和语法特征。分类 代词是用来指代人或事物的词。代词可分为以下八类：人称代词：主格：I, you, she, he, it, we, you, they宾格：me, you, her, him, it, us, you, them 物主代词：形容词性：my,

9、 your, his, her, its, our, your, their名词性：mine, yours, his, hers, its, ours, yours, theirs 反身代词：myself, yourself, herself, himself, itself, ourselves, yourselves, themselves 互相代词：each other, one another 指示代词：this, that, these, those, such 疑问代词：what, when, who, where, whose关系代词：who, whom, which, that

10、, whose不定代词：any, some, every, many, much, a little 人称代词人称代词分主格和宾格两种，前者在句子中担任主语，后者担任动词或介词的宾语。They study German. Please pass me the ruler.人称代词的排列一般为：第二人称，第三人称，第一人称。 you, he and I/ them and us物主代词形容词性物主代词只能作定语。注意：汉语中“我的、“你的有时省略，但在英语中一般不省略，比方break your promise; put your hands in your pockets。My brother

11、often does his homework in his room. The newly-built house is our laboratory. Anything has its character individually.名词性物主代词那么可以在句中充当主语、宾语、表语。它的意义相当于“形容词性物主代词+名词，或者说它相当于名词。 His dictionary is English-Chinese, but mine is English-English. We each bought a new book. Yours is about management and mine

12、is about the American history. 反身代词 反身代词在句子中可作宾语：当它作动词宾语时，动作的执行者与承受者往往是同一个人或同一件事物；当它作介词by的宾语时，那么表示强调。 The prisoner killed himself by taking poison. He finished the work by himself. 反身代词在句子中也可作同位语，用来加强名词或代词的语气，强调某人亲自、本人；这时它可能在名词、代词之后，也可能在句子末尾。The students will clean the classroom themselves. I myself

13、 heard him say it. 互相代词each other通常指两者之间的“互相，one another侧重三者或三者以上的“互相，两者的区别不大。作定语时在第二个词尾加s。指示代词指示词有this, that, these, those, such等。注意以下四点： 1. this, these是时间或空间上的“近指；that, those是时间或空间上的“远指。 2. 指上文提到的事一般用that，有时也用this，指下文的事只能用this。 3. 打 时，用this来介绍自己，用that来问对方，不用I或you。 4. this和that还可表示程度，意为“如此，那么，相当于so

14、，作状语。疑问代词疑问代词用于构成特殊疑问句，其中what, which, whose兼有形容词特征，可以和名词连用。What job do you want to find?Whose girl is she? Which subject is your best one?所有疑问代词都可以起名词作用，在句子中担任成分。Who told you? Whom are you waiting for? Whose are those books? which和what两者均可与名词连用，就人或物提问。但是which一般用于有一定选择范围的情况，what用于无选择范围或终究是什么还不清楚的情况。

15、Which color do you like green, red, yellow or brown? What color is her dress? What writers do you like best?which和who两者都可作代词，它们的区别是不管选择的范围是大还是小，which一般用作指物。 Which would you like to eat, steak or fish? Who won the game, Smith or Johnson? 当有一定选择范围时，which one代替who作宾语.Which one do you like better, your

16、mother or your father?连接代词 连接代词who, whom, whose, which, what, whatever, whoever等，除起连接作用外，还可以在从句中担当主语、宾语、定语、表语等成分。 The question is who can operate the new machine.引导表语从句作主语They asked whose idea this was.引导宾语从句作定语When you are older, you can watch whatever programme you like.引导宾语从句作定语I'll give my t

17、icket to whoever wants it. 这里whoever可看成“anyone who，or“the person who.关系代词关系代词是引导定语从句并起连接主句和从句作用的代词。关系代词有who, whose, whom, that, which。它们在句中可用作主语、表语、宾语、定语。在主句中，它们还代表着从句所修饰的那个名词或代词。A plane is a machine that can fly. The foreigner who visited our class yesterday is from Canada.不定代词：all和 bothboth用于两个人或事

18、物，all用于两个以上的人或事物，均可作主语。All of us like fruits. Both of them are good at English.用作同位语。作主语同位语时须注意它们的位置不同，位于行为动词之前或be动词之后。They all both agreed with me. I know them all both.one 和 it one代替可数名词，表示上面所提到的那一类人或物中的一个同类一个，其复数形式带定语时用ones，不带定语时用some。而it那么用于指代上文提到的那个表示物的名词本身，既可指单数可数名词也可指不可数名词同名同物。I don't hav

19、e a watch but I'm going to buy one some.I have a bicycle. My aunt gave it to me. no one和noneno one只用于指人，而none既可指人也可指物。假如说“假设干人物之中一个也不，用“none of。后接复数名词时，谓语可以用复数，也可用单数；后接不可数名词时，谓语用单数。 No one told me that he had gone to Shanghai.None of them havehasarrived yet.不用no oneNone of the money is mine.both

20、, either 和neither 这三个词都可以用来指两个人或两件事物，但各自的意义都不一样：both表示“两个都、either表示“两个中的任何一个、 neither表示“两者都不。它们在句中都分别可以做主语、宾语和定语，both还可以作同位语。each 和 every each和every都有“每一个的意思，但它们在句子里各自强调的侧重点却不同：every 从每一个个体着眼而强调“整体；而each却是把一些东西一个一个地加以考虑，强调“各个。every只能作定语；each那么可以作主语、宾语、定语和同位语。另外，every可用于“every other 或every +数词 + 名词的构

21、造中，表示“每隔。every other day 每隔一天；every three years 每隔三年；every third year 每隔三年； every other line 每隔一行；every ten miles每隔十英里some 和any some 与any都表示“一些，它们作定语时多用，这时候some多用于肯定句，any多用于否认句、疑问句或条件句。在表示恳求、建议、反问或是希望得到肯定答复的疑问句中，常用some而不用any。另外some可与数词连用，表示“大约的意思。 Could you mind buying me some envelopes on your way

22、to school? Some hundred teachers have moved into new houses. few, a few, little, a little few 与little都有“几乎没有的否认意思，few用于可数名词，little用于不可数名词；a few与 a little 表示“几个或一点的肯定意思，a few用于可数名词a little用于不可数名词。onethe other 和someothersone.the other指“两个中的一个，另外一个；“someothers指“群体中一些人，另一些人。 She has two children. One is

23、 a boy; the other is a girl. They have different ideas about how to spend their weekend. Some think that it is good to have a party. Others prefer to have an outing. no和none 二者都表示否认意义：no = not any 意在强调“一个都不、一点都不，它只能作形容词，一般与名词连用；而none那么相当于名词，可独立在句中充当成分，none of表示在某一范围内“任何一个也不。合成不定代词常用的合成不定代词有以下几组：some

24、thing某物/某事，somebody某人，someone 某人; anything任何事物，anybody任何人，anyone任何人 ； everything一切事物，everybody每个人，everyone每个人 ； nothing无事、无物，no one没有人，nobody无人 注意： 1. 当它们用作主语时应看作单数。 2. 它们只能作名词，不能看作形容词而充当定语。 3. 假如它们带有修饰语，修饰语只能放在它们的后面。another的用法another 泛指“另一个；又一个，后面可以接单数名词也可以接“数词+复数名词。 That boy will be another Nelson

25、. Have another piece of cake. They had three goals in the first half, and another two in the second.everyone和every one everyone 指人，不能用 of做定语。every one 指人/物, 可以用of 短语做定语。Everyone has taken part in the performance.Every one of the students likes the teacher.这种区别存在于anyone与 any one; someone与some one之间。部

26、分否认与全部否认 all, both, every和not 连用是部分否认。All stone is not hard.Everybody doesnt know it.Not both of them are rich.假如表示全部否认,需用none, nothing, nobody, no one, neither等. one 作代词one替代由可数名词所表示的一类人或事,即泛指。I hope there are enough glasses for each guest to have one.如特指必须加上限定词如a, the, this, that等、物主代词或形容词加以修饰。If you don't like this blue coat, you can buy a black one.