M4U3Grammar（课堂PPT）

1、Unit 3 Tomorrows worldUnit 3 Tomorrows worldThe man _(call) “ Good husband”.is calledThe pet dog _(treat) by the veterinary. is being treatedA frog _ ( catch) by a big bird just now.was caughtAn argument _ already _ (put forward) has been put forwardPoint out the verb, the subject and the object in

2、the following sentences:We kept food in the fridge.We must close the windows and the door.S v.O.SV.O Food was kept (by us) in the fridge.The windows and the door must be closed.How can we change a sentence into passive voice ?1. Find out the subject of the sentence and use it as the subject of the s

3、entence with the passive voice.2. Decide the tense of the sentence and use the related form of its passive.3. If necessary, use”by” to join the former subject, which should be put into its object form.When do we use the passive voice ?Many houses will be built here.1. 不知道或没必要指出动作的执行者。The song “ The

4、East is Red” was written by a poor peasant.2. 强调动作的承受者。The plan was supported by those who wished to have more chances to speak English.3. 动作的执行者有较长的修饰语。You are requested to attend the meeting.4. 出于礼貌，不愿意说出动作的执行者。Change the following sentences into the passive voice:1. All of us like her.2. We are d

5、iscussing the question.3. We have put off the meeting.4. I will develop my picture next week.She is liked by all of us.The question is being discussed.The meeting has been put off.My picture will be developed next week.be+ done am/is/are 一般现在时一般现在时 am/is/are+being现在进行时现在进行时shall/will+be一般将来时have/has

6、+been现在完成时现在完成时.13be+ done was/were 一般过去时一般过去时 was/were+being过去进行时过去进行时would+be过去将来时had+been过去完成时过去完成时Change the following sentences into passive voice and ask questions about the underlined parts:1. We will build many new sports venues for the Beijing Olympics.Many new sports venues will be built f

7、or the Beijing Olympics.What will be built for the Beijing Olympics ?2. I was watching the final match on TV yesterday evening.3. John carried the Canadian flag at the opening of the Olympics.The final match was being watched yesterday evening.Where was the final match being watched yesterday ?The C

8、anadian flag was carried by John at the opening of the Olympics. Who (Whom) was the Canadian flag carried by at the Olympics ?4. We have made the flags by hand.5. I will take care of your dog while you are away.The flags have been made by hand.How have the flags been made ?Your dog will be taken car

9、e of while you are away.What will be taken care of while you are away ?被动语态的各种句型：被动语态的各种句型：1.1.单宾语结构。单宾语结构。Our English teacher often uses a tape-recorder in teaching English.A tape-recorder is often used (by our English teacher ) in teaching English.The villagers gave the foreign guests a warm welco

10、me.The foreign guests were given a warm welcome by the villagers.A warm welcome was given to the foreign guests by the villagers.We offered people in the flooded areas some food and clothes.2.2.双宾语结构。双宾语结构。People in the flooded areas were offered some food and clothes.Some food and clothes were offe

11、red to the people in the flooded areas.3.3.复合宾语结构。复合宾语结构。They heard someone singing in the next room.objectObject complementSomeone was heard singing in the next room.在主动语态中，有些使役动词和感官动词后接在主动语态中，有些使役动词和感官动词后接不带不带toto的不定式作宾语补足语。的不定式作宾语补足语。 但在被动语但在被动语态中，要改为带态中，要改为带toto的不定式作主语补足语。如：的不定式作主语补足语。如：see/hear

12、/make sb. do sth.Sb. be seen/heard/made to do sth.They saw the boy fall from the tree.The boy was seen to fall from the tree.4.短语动词结构。相当于及物动词的短语动短语动词结构。相当于及物动词的短语动词也可以有被动语态。词也可以有被动语态。 如：如：look after, give up, take care of, pay attention to, make use of, put off, wake up, put out 等。等。The children are

13、 taken good care of.The big fire has been put out.孩子们得到了很好的照顾。孩子们得到了很好的照顾。大火已经扑灭了。大火已经扑灭了。.22My bike got stolen last night.This window seems to have got broken.Youd better get changed quickly, for the party will begin soon.特别注意：特别注意： 1。 只有及物动词和及物动词短语才只有及物动词和及物动词短语才可以有被动语态。可以有被动语态。 不及物动词，不及物动词短不及物动词，

14、不及物动词短语或系动词没有被动语态。语或系动词没有被动语态。 如如：happen, go on, take place, belong to, sound, feel等。等。Correct mistakes:Correct mistakes:This room is belonged to me.This music is sounded sweet. belongs tosounds2.2.有些动词常用主动形式表示被动的意思，有些动词常用主动形式表示被动的意思，如如：open, write, read, sell, wash, measure 等。等。Your article reads w

15、ell.This type of car sells well in China.This hall measures 100 metres long and 60 metres wide.It is said that It is reported thatIt is hoped that It is well known that It is believed that It must be pointed out that 3.3.在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。在一些固定句型中常用被动语态。 如：如： It is said that Li Ping will study abroad.L

16、i Ping is said to study abroad. It is said that Li Ping is studying abroad.Li Ping is said to be studying abroad.Li Ping is said to have studied abroad. Li Ping is said to have been studying abroad. It is said that Li Ping studied abroad. It is said that Li Ping has been studying abroad.It is report

17、ed that another man-made satellite will be sent into the moon next month.Another man-made satellite is reported to be sent into the moon next month. (1) 据报道据报道,下个月又一颗人造卫星将会被发送到月球上下个月又一颗人造卫星将会被发送到月球上.The three missing sailors are believed to have drowned .It is believed that the three missing sailors

18、 have drowned.(2) 人们认为这三个失踪的海员已经淹死了人们认为这三个失踪的海员已经淹死了.被动语态与系表结构：被动语态与系表结构：被动语态表示动作，句子主语是该动作的承受者，过去分词表示动作；而系表结构表示状态，说明主语的特点或所处的状态。The long novel was written by Mr. Luxun in the 1920s.The long novel is well written, isnt it ?The glass was broken by his little son yesterday.Look, the glass is broken! Wh

19、o broke it ?被动语态被动语态被动语态被动语态系表结构系表结构系表结构系表结构.29p49 1. are being 2. the Electric Wear Company 3. been developed 4. was invented 5. are used 6. been completed 7. will be produced 8. will be 9. been announced 10. are cleaned/ can be cleaned.30.31We can use modal verbs in the passive voice to talk about

20、 ability, possibility, duty, permission, etc.Firefighters could be trained using RealCine.Computers can calculate the position of the viewer at any time.The position of the viewer can be calculated at any time.32Practice:Practice:1. The viewer can touch the objects in the film.2. The viewer may feel

21、 a real sense of achievement and happiness.3. RealCine might not impress some viewers.The objects in the film can be touched.A real sense of achievement and happiness may be felt.Some viewers might not be impressed by RealCine.334. Teachers could use RealCine in the classroom too.5. Film-makers shou

22、ld use RealCine for all films.6. Scientists ought to develop RealCine further.7. The viewer must wear special gloves.RealCine could be used in the classroom too.RealCine should be used for all films.RealCine ought to be developed further.Special gloves must be worn,.34 P50 1. can be reduced 2. must

23、be taken 3. must be worn 4. may become 5. ought to be reduced.35 P51 1. bored with 2. interested in 3. was founded 4. were employed 5. was surprised at 6. was accused of 7. was closed down 8. was purchased.36.37P49. at the moment 在当时在当时The firefighters rushed into the big fire though the burning bui

24、lding might fall down at any moment. 虽然燃烧的大楼在任何时候都可能会倒下虽然燃烧的大楼在任何时候都可能会倒下, 消防队员们还是冲进了大火中消防队员们还是冲进了大火中.at any moment 在任何时候，随时在任何时候，随时at the last moment 在最后关头在最后关头for a moment 一会儿一会儿for the moment 目前，暂时目前，暂时the moment 一一就就(conj.) .38The little girl opened the window at the last moment so that her pare

25、nts were saved.He stopped what he was doing the moment the teacher came in.(2)这个小女孩在最后的时刻打开窗户这个小女孩在最后的时刻打开窗户, 以至于她的父母得救了以至于她的父母得救了.(3)老师一进来他就停止了正在做的事情老师一进来他就停止了正在做的事情.(4)The classroom is big enough _,but well have to move if we have more students. A. for the moment B. on the moment C. in a moment D.

26、 for a moment.39P49 last but not least :最后但同样重要的一点，最后但同样重要的一点，I warned you for the last time that you shall be punished if you do it again.(1)我最后一次警告你我最后一次警告你,如果你再做这件事的话如果你再做这件事的话, 你会受到惩罚的你会受到惩罚的.for the last time 最后一次最后一次 the last time 上一次的时候上一次的时候the last but one (two) 倒数第二（三）倒数第二（三）last of all 在最

27、后在最后 at last 最后，终于最后，终于to (till/until) the last 直到最后直到最后.40The brave PLA man fought with the enemy to the last.At last, he knew the meaning of life.(2) 这个勇敢的解放军和敌人一直战斗到最后这个勇敢的解放军和敌人一直战斗到最后.(3) 最终最终,他知道了生活的意义他知道了生活的意义.(5) 上一次他来这里时给我们作了精彩的演讲上一次他来这里时给我们作了精彩的演讲.When did you last see him?The last time he

28、 came here, he gave an interesting speech to us.(4) 你们上次什么时候见过他你们上次什么时候见过他?.41p51.accuse vt. 控告控告,谴责谴责,非难非难 She accused him of being late.她指责他迟到她指责他迟到.他被控告谋杀他被控告谋杀. He was accused of murder. accuse sb. of 控告某人犯有控告某人犯有罪罪 sb. be accused of (doing )sth.比较：比较：charge sb. with (doing) sth.42p51.close down

29、 vt. & vi. 倒闭倒闭,封闭封闭,关闭关闭 The firm has been closed up for several days 这家公司已关闭好几天了这家公司已关闭好几天了close up (1) 关闭关闭; (2) 倒闭倒闭 (=close down ); (3) 靠拢靠拢,愈合愈合由于燃料不足由于燃料不足,那个国家的许多小工厂都倒闭了那个国家的许多小工厂都倒闭了Many small plants in that country closed down for lack of fuel.Feedback:Choose the best answers: - Is Bob

30、 still performing ? - Im afraid not. He is said _ the stage already as he has become an official. to have left B. to leave C. to have been left D. to be left 2. - Dont you think it necessary that he _ to Miami but to New York ? - I agree, but the problem is _ he has refused to. will not be sent; tha

31、t not be sent;that C.should bot be sent;what A.D.should not send;what3. Millions of pounds worth of damage _ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night.A.has been caused B.had been causedC.will be caused D.will have been caused4. Much attention should _ the rapid increase in the n

32、umber of cars on the roads, which may_ traffic jams and more accidents.A.pay to;result in B.be paid;result fromC.be paid to;result in D.be paid;result from5. She is very shy and she is not used to _ in front of others.A.praise B.praisingC.being praised D.be praised6. What did the students think of t

33、he speech made by the lecturer yesterday ? -To tell you the truth, the students were all _ with the _speech.A.boring;boring B.boring;boredC.bored;bored D.bored;boring7. My sister _ a good chance to go abroad for further education.A.offered B. was offeringC.has offered D. was offered8. Today many you

34、ng people enjoy chatting on the net, but their sentences _. never read B. are never readA.C. werent read D. didnt read9. Every possible means _ to prevent the air pollution, but sky is still not clear.A.is used B. are usedC. Have used D. has been used10. George and Lucy got married last week. Did yo

35、u go to their wedding ? - No. I _ . Did they have a big wedding ? Was not invited B. have not been invitedA.C.hadnt been invited D.didnt inviteHomework Review what we learned today. Finish exercises on page 108. Preview Task.50Practice:1. All the employees except the manager _to work online at home. A. encourages B. encourage C. is encouraged D. are encouraged2. The number of dea