定语从句讲义

1、定 语 从 句定语从句也称为形容词性从句，它在句子中修饰名词或代词，起形容词的作用。被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫做先行词。定语从句必须放在先行词之后。定语从句由关系代词，关系副词来引导。关系代词，关系副词有三个作用： 起到连接主从句的作用 代替先行词 在定语从句中作成分。定语从句分为两类：限制性定语从句、非限制性定语从句。限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是主句中的先行词不可缺少的定语，关系十分密切，不可用逗号与主句分开，译成汉语时通常把从句译在先行词之前。定语从句中谓语动词的人称和数应与先行词一致。This is the doctor who saved the boys life.这就是挽救了这

2、个男孩生命的医生。Mary likes music that is quiet and gentle.玛丽喜欢轻柔的音乐。（that作主语）The coat（that）I put on the desk is blue.我放在桌子上的那件外套是蓝色的。（that作宾语）非限制性定语从句非限制性定语从句只对主句中先行词作附加说明，关系不密切，如果省去从句，主句所表达的概念依然明确、完整。非限制性定语从句要用逗号与主句分开，不能用that连接。Lei Feng, who served the people heart and soul, set a good example to all of u

3、s.考点一 引导限制性定语从句的有关系代词who, whom, whose, that, which,（见下表），还有关系副词when, where, why.限制性定语从句所用的关系代词指人指物是否可省略主格（主语）宾格（宾语）所有格（定语）（表语）This is a book which tells about space rocket technology.I live in the house whose windows face south.Tom is not the boy that he used to be.注意：指物时，“whose+名词”结构常可以用“the+名词+of

4、which”或“of which +the +名词”结构来替换，并且意思相同。I live in the house whose windows face south.= I live in the house the windows of which face south.= I live in the house of which the windows face south.关系副词where, when, why可以用来引导定语从句，并且在定语从句中作状语。这些副词可以替换成“介词+关系代词”。例如：The office where he works is on the second

5、floor.The office in which he works is on the second floor.他的办公室就在三楼。The days when the Chinese people were oppressed are gone forever. 中国人民受压迫的日子一去不复返The days in which the Chinese people were oppressed are gone forever了。I dont know the reason why he didnt come to school yesterday.I dont know the reas

6、on for which he didnt come to school yesterday.我不知道他昨天不来上学的原因。用适当的关系词填空： 1. I still remember the night _I first came to the house. 2. Ill never forget the day_ we met each other last week. 3. Mr Black is going to Beijing in October, _is the best season there. 4. I will never forget the days _I spent

7、 with your family. 5. Ill never forget the last day_ we spent together. 6. This is the school _I used to study. 7. Do you still remember the place_ we visited last week? 8. Do you still remember the place_ we visited the painting exhibition? 9. Have you ever been to Hangzhou,_is famous for the West

8、Lake? 10. Have you ever been to Hangzhou, _lies the West Lake? 11. Tom will go to Shanghai,_live his two brothers. 12. I live in Beijing,_is the capital of China. 13. There was a time _there were slaves in the USA. 考点二 只用that不用which的情况1） 被修饰的先行词既是人又是物。例如：They talked about the factories and workers t

9、hat they had visited.他们谈论着他们参观过的工厂和访问过的人。2）被修饰的先行词是any, few, none, all, much, little, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one等不定代词时。例如：I am interested in all that you have told me.我对你告诉我的一切都感兴趣。There isnt much that I can do.He is one of the few that can work it out in five minutes.3) 先行词前面有形容词最

10、高级或被形容词最高级修饰时。例如：This is the best book that I have ever read.这是我读过的最好的一本书。This book is the best that I have read.4）先行词前有the only, the very, the last 及序数词修饰时。例如：The only thing that we can do is to ask our teachers help.我们唯一能做的事是请老师帮助我们。Is this the very museum that you visited the other day?The first

11、English film that I saw was “Oliver Twist”.我看的第一部英文电影是“雾都孤儿”。When foreigners talk about China, the first that comes to mind is the Great Wall.当外国人谈起中国时，首先想到的是长城。5) 当先行词被the same修饰，且指“同一物品”时。如：She is wearing the same dress that she wore yesterday.6）关系代词在定语从句中作表语时。如：This is no longer the place that it

12、 used to be.He is not the man that he was.7）当主句是以who, which开头的特殊疑问句或先行词是who时。如：Which is the book that he bought yesterday?Who that you have ever seen can beat him in the game?考点三 定语从句的关系代词指人时不宜用that而宜用who的情况。1） 先行词为one, ones或anyone时。例如：Anyone who wants to go to college must study hard.谁要想上大学，必须努力学习。

13、2） 先行词为those时。例如：Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.考点四 用as作关系代词的定语从句1 as作关系代词既可以指人也可以指物，引导限制性定语从句。常用于下列结构中：such.as（像之类的），the same.as（和同样的），so as. , as as,句型。例如：This is not such a computer as I need.这不是我所需要的计算机。I live in the same city as

14、 she (lives in).我和她住在同一个城市里。He can lift so heavy a stone as no one else can.(他能搬动别人搬不动的那块石头)You can take as many books as you need.(你需要多少书就拿多少书)2 as引导非限制性定语从句。单个关系代词as引导的非限制性定语从句，常用来说明整个主句，作“正如”、“像那样”解释。例如：As anyone can see, the educated youth are very happy.任何人都可以看出来，知识青年们很快乐。As was usual with her,

15、 she went out for a walk after she got up.她像通常一样，起床后出去散步了。as/which引导的非限制性定语从句的区别：位置不同_指代不同_语意不同_She was quite right, as Harry soon discovered.As is known to us all, China is a developing country.He bought his sister a big toy, which delighted her greatly.He bought a new car,which cost him a lot of m

16、oney.考点五 介词与关系代词1 与关系代词搭配的介词的确定_1.I bought a great many books, on which I spent all my money .2.I will never forget the day on which I joined the army.3.The colorless gas without which we can not live is called oxygen.注意：英语中有时为了强调某一名词，不定式前也可加上关系词。Here is the money with which to buy a piano.(=Here is

17、 the money with which we can buy a piano)She is the right person on whom to depend.(=She is the right person whom we can depend on.)练习：1.Franks dream was to have his own shop_ to produce the workings of his own hands.A. that B. in which C. by which D. how2.The professor can hardly find sufficient gr

18、ounds_ his argument in favor of the new theory.A. which to base on B. on which to base C. to base on which D. which to be based on2.关系代词作介词的宾语时，介词的位置_The athlete to whom you talked is a famous lone-distance runner.The person whom you just talked to is Mr Li.Is this the watch which he is looking for?

19、The old man whom the nurses are looking after is very well now.The city that she lives in is very fare away.3.“名词/数词/代词+介词+关系代词”结构常见的形式有：名词/one/two/some/none/all/both/several/many/most/a few/ a little/the+比较级/the+最高级+ of + which/whom.如：There are a lot of books here, none of which belongs to me. Yest

20、erday Mary bought a few clothes, all of which were expensive.考点六 定语从句的主谓一致1._The recorder that has been given to me is working.I,whom _ your classmate, will share the work with you.2._He is one of the students who_(have/has) made great progress.Mr. Wang is the only one of my friends who _(have/has)

21、been invited to have dinner with us.考点七 定语从句的插入语现象I suggest you choose someone who you think is kind and friendly.You should give a ring to Tom first, who Im afraid will not come.练习：This is Mr White,_I think has something interesting to tell you.A.which B. whom C. that D. whoHelen is much more kind

22、to her youngest child than to the others,_, of course, makes the others unhappy.A. who B. which C. she D. that考点八 定语从句的倒装现象_ 如：They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy. I saw a man, on the head of whom stood a bird.We got to a farmhouse, where lived an old farmer and his son.考点

23、九 分隔定语从句_The days are gone when we suffered so much.The boss of the company, whose name is Mr. Little, told the story.考点十 “地点模糊”的先行词，后跟where引导的定语从句_He has reached the point where a change is needed.Can you think of a situation where this word can be used?练习After graduation she reached a point in his

24、 career_ she needed to decided what to do.A. that B. what C. which D. where考点十一 定语从句的一种特殊考察方式_The role that he _ in the activity was pretty important.A. took B. played C. made D. actedYou cant imagine the difficulty I had_ the way to the station.A. to find B. in finding C. with finding D. found练习：In

25、 western society, the part_ church plays in peoples life is very important.A. where B. that C. when D. howThe advantage human being have to _ the sun is worth discussing.A. do with B. play with C. take of D. have on-Can you still remember that old woman? -Sure, well never forget the good care she_us

26、.A. made of B. took of C. gave to D. offered to语法专题(定语从句)1The man pulled out a gold watch, _ were made of small diamonds.A the hands of whom B whom the hands of C which the hands of D the hands of which2 Such a book _ you showed me is difficult to understand.A that B which C the one D as3 I have nev

27、er heard so strange a story _ he told us.A that B which C / D as4 He was educated at the local high school, _ he went on to Beijing University.A after which B after that C in which D in that5 He is late, _ is often the case . A it B what C as D which6 There is no one in our class _ wants to help you

28、. A but B when C where D why7 He owns a little shop which sells a lot of goods _ are necessary to the people _ are living nearby.A which, who B that,/ C which,/ D that, who8 - Do you have anything in mind _ youd like to have for dinner? - Well, anything is OK for me. A that B which C what D where9 W

29、ho _ has common sense will believe such nonsense? A that B who C which D but10 Occasions are quite rare _ I have the time to spend a day with my kidsA who B which C why D when11 Youll have to wait for one more week, _ the manager will be back from his trip.A before B when C as D until12 I shall neve

30、r forget those years_ I lived in the country,_ has a great effect on my life.A that, which B when, which C which, that D when, who13 I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance.A how B which C where D that14 - I cant find Mr. Smith. Where did you meet him this morning?- It w

31、as in his office _ he worked. A where B which C that D the one15 Now children like to go to the fast food restaurant, _ as the name says, eating doesnt take much time. A which B that C what D where16 The reason _ she gives for not coming to the party is that her mother wont let her.A what B why C as

32、 D which17 This is the reason _ he is leaving now. A as B which C why D what18 Many people who had seen the film were afraid to go to the forest when they remembered the scenes _ people were eaten by the tiger. A in which B by which C which D that19 There are altogether eleven books on the shelf, _

33、five are mine.A on which B in which C of which D from which20 The professor can hardly find sufficient grounds _ his argument in favor of the new theory.A which to base on B on which to base C to base on which D which to be based on21 By nine oclock, all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top

34、 of Mount Qomolangma,_ appeared a rare rainbow soon. A of which B on which C from which D above which23 This is the small house less than 15 square meters, under _ roof lives a large family of three generations. A which B that C its D whose24 Anyway, that evening, _ Ill tell you more about later, I

35、ended up staying at Rachels place.A when B where C what D which25 In the office I never seem to have time until after 5:30p.m., _ many people have gone home.A whose time B on which C that D by which time26 He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.A is B are C have been D has been27 This is Mr. White, _ I think has something interesting to tell