中考英语非谓语动词

1、中考英语非谓语动词中考英语非谓语动词第一页，共37页。非谓语动词复习非谓语动词复习第二页，共37页。中考考查重点中考考查重点l一。其考查重点为：一。其考查重点为：lit作形式主语、宾语的用法作形式主语、宾语的用法l感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词感官动词后不定式作宾语补足语和动词ing形式作形式作宾语补足语的用法；宾语补足语的用法；l动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用动词不定式与疑问代词和疑问副词的连用l一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带一些特殊动词的动词不定式作宾语补足语时不带to，但变为被动语态时就要带但变为被动语态时就要带to；l有些动词既可接不定式也可接动词有些动词既可接不

2、定式也可接动词ing形式作形式作宾语，但表达的意思不同。宾语，但表达的意思不同。 第三页，共37页。在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词它不受人称和数的限制它不受人称和数的限制 动词的基本用法是做放在主语之后做谓语。动词的基本用法是做放在主语之后做谓语。 eg. I eg. I workwork in a factory. in a factory. 当句中已有谓语动词时，如在需在别的位置上要用动词就只能用非谓语动词，当句中已有谓语动词时，如在需在别的位置上要用动词就只能用非谓语动词，非谓语动词重要包括：非谓语动词重要

3、包括：动词不定式动词不定式（to do)to do)、动名词动名词、分词分词（现在分词、过去分词）（现在分词、过去分词） 非谓语动词的概念非谓语动词的概念第四页，共37页。一、动词不定式一、动词不定式1、动词不定式做主语、动词不定式做主语动词不定式作主语时动词不定式作主语时,常用常用it做形式主语做形式主语,而将真而将真正的主语放在句末正的主语放在句末.其结构是其结构是 Its +adj.+of/ for sb + to do. Eg .To learn English well is usefulIt is useful for us to learn English well.注意：此时用

4、注意：此时用of还是用还是用for 关键是看形容词形容的是关键是看形容词形容的是什么，如果是形容做此事怎么样用什么，如果是形容做此事怎么样用for,反之如形容人反之如形容人的性格特征的用的性格特征的用of 第五页，共37页。1）Its very kind _you to help me.2）Its necessary _us to master a foreign language.Its nice _you to invite us.3) Its interesting _ us to play football.offoroffor1）一些动词只能用动词不定式做宾语。如）一些动词只能用动词

5、不定式做宾语。如:want, decide, hope, agree, wish, need ,promise, would like, plan等等。第六页，共37页。 只能接不定式作宾语的动词只能接不定式作宾语的动词口诀：口诀： 决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事第七页，共37页。 决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事决定想做计划需要同意，能做被用来做的事 decide to do sth. 决定做某事决定做某事 want would like to do sth. 想做某事想

6、做某事 plan to do sth. 计划做某计划做某 need to do sth. 需要做某事需要做某事 agree to do sth. 同意做某事同意做某事 afford to do 能做某事能做某事 be used to do 被用来做被用来做第八页，共37页。 迫不及待下决心做过去常常未能做的事 cant wait to do 迫不及待地要做某事迫不及待地要做某事 make up ones mind to do 下决心做某事下决心做某事 used to do 过去常常做某事过去常常做某事 fail to do 未能做某事未能做某事第九页，共37页。eg. We hope_(see

7、) the film. Would you like _(go) with us?to seeto go2)在在find, think后用后用it做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放在句末。放在句末。Eg. I find _necessary _ (master) a foreign language.to seeitto master3）常见的一些用不带）常见的一些用不带to的动词不定式做宾语，这类动的动词不定式做宾语，这类动词有：词有：Why not do-,had better(not) do, would rather do- than do, could/would

8、 you please doEg. I would rather _(stay) at home than _(go) out.staygo第十页，共37页。3.不定式做宾补不定式做宾补1)不定式做宾补时，与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关不定式做宾补时，与宾语之间有逻辑上的主谓关系，常见的动词有系，常见的动词有tell, ask,want, allow, get, invite, encourage等。否定形式在等。否定形式在to do前加前加notMy mother often encourages me _(study) hard.We dont allow people _(smoke) he

9、re. The students are often told_(not give) up. He asked me _(not drive) here.to studyto smokenot to givenot to drive第十一页，共37页。 接不定式作宾语补足语的动词接不定式作宾语补足语的动词口诀：口诀： 请求与命令请求与命令 想要邀请期待鼓励与建议想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助答应告诫允许提醒和帮助第十二页，共37页。请求与命令 ask sb. to do sth. 请求某人做某事请求某人做某事 tell sb. to do sth. 命令某人做某事命令某人做某事

10、第十三页，共37页。想要邀请期待鼓励与建议 want sb. to do sth. 想要某人做某事想要某人做某事 invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事邀请某人做某事 expect sb. to do sth. 期待某人做某事期待某人做某事 encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事鼓励某人做某事 advise sb. to do sth. 建议某人做某事建议某人做某事 第十四页，共37页。 答应告诫允许提醒和帮助答应告诫允许提醒和帮助 promise sb. to do 答应某人做某事答应某人做某事 warn sb. not to do sth. 告

11、诫某人做某事告诫某人做某事 allow sb. to do sth. 允许某人做某事允许某人做某事 remind sb. to do sth. 提醒某人做某事提醒某人做某事 help sb. (to) do sth. 帮助某人做某事帮助某人做某事第十五页，共37页。 省略省略to的情况的情况:l使役动词和感官动词使役动词和感官动词+宾语宾语+宾补后：一感二听三让四看宾补后：一感二听三让四看feel/ hear, listen to/ let,make, have, / look at, see, watch, notice 通式：通式： see sb. do sthlhad better （n

12、ot）do sth. 最好最好(不不)做做lwhy not /why dont you do sth为什么不做为什么不做?l help sb.（to）do sthl Would rather do sth宁愿做宁愿做l would you please do sth情态动词情态动词+do助动词助动词will/shall+do第十六页，共37页。2)使让动词和感官动词用省略使让动词和感官动词用省略to 的不定式做宾补的不定式做宾补Eg.1.The boss made the workers _(work) for another 2 hours. 2. I saw lucy _(go) out

13、just now.workgoEg. Would you like something _(eat)?There is nothing _(worry) about.Have you got anything else _(say)He is often the first one_(get) here.to eatto worryto sayto get注意：此时变为被动语态必须将to 加上.如： Lucy was seen to go out just now.第十七页，共37页。注意注意:动词不定式的否定形式为：动词不定式的否定形式为： not + to doMr.Smith asked

14、 the boy _(not play) this kind of game. not to playPlease have him _(not do) so much housework. not do第十八页，共37页。5.不定式放在疑问词不定式放在疑问词what, where, which how之后，之后，此时相当于一个宾语从句此时相当于一个宾语从句Eg. I dont know what _(do) tomorrow.=I dont know _ tomorrow.He didnt know where_(go) for the holiday.He didnt know where

15、_ for the holiday.I wonder how_(处理）it next.I wonder how _it next.I should deal withto doWhat I should doto deal withhe would goto go第十九页，共37页。二、动名词二、动名词1.动名词（短语）做主语，此时谓语动词用单数动名词（短语）做主语，此时谓语动词用单数Eg. _ (collect) stamps _(be) my favorite.Collectingis2. keep, enjoy, preferto , mind, cant help, finish, f

16、eel like, practise ,Would you mind _(smoke) here?Knives are used for _(cut) things.smokingcutting第二十页，共37页。喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 enjoy doing sth. 喜欢做某事喜欢做某事 spend.doing sth. 花费花费做某事做某事 be busy doing sth. 忙于做忙于做 imagine sb. doing sth. 想象想象做某事做某事 cant help doing sth. 忍不住做某事忍不住做某事 feel lik

17、e doing sth. 想要做某事想要做某事 finish doing sth. 完成做某事完成做某事 practice doing sth. 练习做某事练习做某事第二十一页，共37页。 miss doing sth. 错过做某事错过做某事 suggest doing sth. 建议做某事建议做某事 keep (on) doing sth. 保持（继续）做某事保持（继续）做某事 mind doing sth. 介意做某事介意做某事 be worth doing sth. 值得做某事值得做某事 consider doing sth. 考虑做某事考虑做某事错过建议保持介意值得考虑错过建议保持介意

18、值得考虑第二十二页，共37页。只能接只能接-ing作宾语的动词作宾语的动词口诀：口诀： 喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习喜欢花费忙着想象忍不住想要结束练习 错过建议保持介意值得考虑错过建议保持介意值得考虑 （押韵）（押韵）第二十三页，共37页。 介词+doing 常考介词常考介词: at, in, on of, off, for, from up, about, without to 等等等等第二十四页，共37页。 be good at doing sth 擅长做某事擅长做某事 be interested in doing sth.对做某事感兴趣对做某事感兴趣 insist on doing

19、 坚持做某事坚持做某事 be used for doing sth. 被用来做某事被用来做某事 thank sb. for doing sth. 谢谢某人做某事谢谢某人做某事 be tired of doing sth. 厌烦做某事厌烦做某事 be afraid of doing sth. 害怕做某事害怕做某事 第二十五页，共37页。put off doing 推迟做某事推迟做某事stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事阻止某人做某事give up doing sth. 放弃做某事放弃做某事without doing sth. 没有做某事没有做某事think about

20、 doing sth. 考虑做某事考虑做某事What How about doing 做某事怎么样做某事怎么样?第二十六页，共37页。此to 非彼to look forward to (doing) sth.（盼望）（盼望） pay attention to (doing) sth.（注意）（注意） be used to (doing) sth. （习惯于）（习惯于） prefer doing sth to doing sth更喜欢）更喜欢） devote to doing sth （致力于）（致力于） make a contribution to doing (做贡献）做贡献）对比：对比：p

21、refer to do sth (rather than do sth)第二十七页，共37页。1.做定语，单个的分词作定语放在被修饰词前，分词短语作做定语，单个的分词作定语放在被修饰词前，分词短语作定语放在被修饰词的后面。定语放在被修饰词的后面。三、分词三、分词。 分词分为现在分词（动词分词分为现在分词（动词+ing)和过去分词两种，和过去分词两种，现在分词表示主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完成。现在分词表示主动或进行，过去分词表被动或完成。1）The _(sleep) boy is my son.2) His _(speak) English is very good.3) Do you kn

22、ow the man _(stand) under the tree.4) The woman swept the leaves _(fall ) on the ground.fallenstandingspokensleeping第二十八页，共37页。2.现在分词作状语，表伴随现在分词作状语，表伴随Eg. The students went out of the class, _ (talk) and _(laugh)talkinglaughingEg. Dont keep us _(wait) for so long.She speaks loudly to make herself_(h

23、ear).I heard her _(sing) in the next room when I passed by.We have to make our hair _(cut)waitingheardsingingcut第二十九页，共37页。四、注意区分：四、注意区分：1、动词不定式做宾语与动名词做宾语、动词不定式做宾语与动名词做宾语：无差别：无差别 begin , start Lets begin _(have) an English class.to have /having：有一定差别：有一定差别 like , love, hateDoing表示爱好，表示爱好，to do 表示具体动

24、作。如：表示具体动作。如：I like _(swim) a lot ,but this evening I love _(go) skating.swimmingto go第三十页，共37页。 C：差别很大：差别很大动词动词 to do sth.（未做）（未做）+doing sth.（已做）（已做）remember记得要做某事记得要做某事记得曾做某事记得曾做某事forget忘记做某事忘记做某事忘记做了某事忘记做了某事stop停下来去做另一事停下来去做另一事停止正做的事停止正做的事try尽力去做某事尽力去做某事尝试做某事尝试做某事第三十一页，共37页。She tried the door by

25、his key.她试着用她的钥匙开门（看看有没有用）。她试着用她的钥匙开门（看看有没有用）。opening她设法（尽力）打电话给你。她设法（尽力）打电话给你。She tried you .to callI remember the door just now.我记得我刚才开了门。我记得我刚才开了门。openingPlease remember the door after work.to close请记住下班后关门。请记住下班后关门。I forgot him the news.我忘记已经告诉他这个消息了。我忘记已经告诉他这个消息了。I forgot him the news .to tell我

26、忘记要告诉他这个消息。我忘记要告诉他这个消息。telling第三十二页，共37页。Test 一、一、选择选择1. He has promised better latter. A. behaving B. behave C. to behave2. He hated her. A. trouble B. to troubling C. to trouble 3. He stopped when the teacher came in. A. to talk B. talking C. talked4. I have finished the room. A. clean B. to read it C. cleaning5. I give you a book . A. to read B. to read it C. rea