形容词和副词用法

1、 形容词和副词一、形容词用来修饰名词，表示人或事物的性质、状态和特征的词，叫形容词。形容词的作用，如：作 用例 句定 语You can see a lot of beautiful flowers in the garden.表 语Your coat is too small.宾语补足语The old woman keeps everything clean and tidy.注意：有些形容词只能作表语，如：alone, afraid, asleep, ill等。例如：Don't wake the sleeping baby up. He is asleep.The old man i

2、s alone. The boy is ill.形容词用来修饰something, anything, nothing, everything等不定代词，要放在这些词的后面。例如：You'd better tell us something interesting.The police found nothing strange in the room.多个形容词做定语时排列的先后顺序是：1）冠词或人称代词 2）数词 3）性质 4）大小 5）形状 6）表示老少，新旧 7）颜色 8）事务、质地、人的国籍、用途。例如：His grandpa still lives in this smal

3、l short house. 他爷爷还住在这个矮小的房子里。The woman bought two beautiful Chinese plates. 那个妇女买了两个漂亮的中国盘子。形容词名词化：有些形容词前加定冠词后变成名词，表示一类人，谓语常用复数。这类词有：rich / poor; good / bad ; young / old ; healthy / ill ; living / dead ; black / white (表示人种等)。例如：The young should take good care of the old.年轻人应该好好照顾老人。The rich never

4、 help the poor in this country.在这个国家，富人从来不帮助穷人。表示数量的词组。如：One day, a young man, twenty-five years old, came to visit the professor.有一天，一位25岁的年轻人来拜访这位教授。I live in a building about fifty meters high.我住在一做大约50米高的大楼里。形容词短语做定语时要后置。如：They are the students easy to teach.他们是很容易教的学生。We live in a house much la

5、rger than yours.我们住的房子比你们的大得多。else要放在疑问代词或复合不定词之后。如：Did you see anybody else?你看到别的人了吗？二、副词英语中副词的位置和汉语不尽相同，它的位置比较灵活。通常用作状语修饰动词、形容词、副词等。下面来介绍一下副词的分类方法：多数副词都可以放在它所修饰的动词后面。如： We are living happily. 我们幸福的生活着。He runs slowly. 他跑的很慢。时间副词（now, today, tomorrow, yesterday, before, late, early等）、地点副词（here, ther

6、e, inside, outside, home, upstairs, downstairs, anywhere, everywhere, nowhere, somewhere, down, up, off, on, in, out等）和方式副词（anxiously, badly, bravely, calmly, carefully, proudly, rapidly, suddenly, successfully, angrily, happily, slowly, warmly, well, fast, slow, quick, hard, alone, high, straight,

7、wide等）一般放在句末。如：They went to the park yesterday morning. 昨天上午他们去公园了。I heard him sing English songs over there. 我听见他在那边唱英语歌曲。He drove the jeep carefully. 他小心地开着吉普。注意： 有时表示时间的副词也可放在句首，起强调作用。如：Yesterday I got up late. 昨天我起床很晚。频度副词（ever, never, always, sometimes, usually, often, seldom等）一般放在be动词、情态动词及第一个

8、助动词之后，实义动词之前如：He is seldom ill. 他很少生病。 You must always remember this. 你一定要记住这一点。 I often write to my parents. 我经常写信给父母。 Do you usually go to school on foot. 你经常走路去上学？ He has never been to Beijing. 他从来没有去过北京。注意： 有时为了加强语气，频度副词也可放在句首。如：Sometimes she goes to school by bus and sometimes she goes to schoo

9、l by bike.有时她乘公共汽车上学，有时骑自行车去。程度副词（much, (a) little, a bit, very, so, too, enough, quite, rather, pretty, greatly, completely, nearly, almost, deeply, hardly等）修饰动词时，与频度副词相同，修饰形容词和副词时，放在它所修饰的词前面。但enough作名词用时，放在名词之前，作副词用时，通常放在被修饰词的后面。如：That's quite early.那很早。I nearly missed the bus.我几乎错过了公交车。She di

10、d rather badly.她干得相当糟。否定副词一般放在动词之前、系动词be或助动词之后。如：She seldom goes out at night. 她晚上很少出门。I am never late for school.我上学从不迟到。We had hardly got to the station when the train left.火车离开时, 我们差不多/几乎到了车站。疑问副词（how, when, where, why等）放在特殊疑问句的句首。如：When can you come?你什么时候来？How many days are there in a month?一个月有

11、多少天？What are you going to do when you grow up?张大以后，你打算干什么？Where were you born?你是在那里出生的？Why didn't he come?他为什么没有来？关系副词when, where, why 引导定语从句时，位于从句之前、所修饰的词之后。如：Tell me the reason why you did it.把你这样做的理由告诉我。It's the sort of day when you'd like to stay in bed.这是个令人恋床不起的日子。I don't know

12、the place where we will go.我不知道我们将要去的地方。同时存在时间状语和地点状语时，时间状语一般放在后面。如：The meeting will be held in the classroom tomorrow.明天会议将在教室里举行。He watched TV in his room last night.他作晚在房间里看电视。They arrived in Beijing at 8 o'clock last evening.他们昨天晚上8:00到达北京。注：有些词既可用做形容词也可做副词。如：late, wide, well, fast, easy, ea

13、rly 等The road is so wide that 8 buses can go throw it at a time.Open your mouth wide.三、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级(一)形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的变化方法如下：1) 符合规则的：情 况加 法例 词一 般 情 况直接加 -er ; -esttall-taller-tallest以e结尾的词加 r ; -stnice-nicer-nicest以“辅音+y”结尾的词变y为i,再加-er ; -estdry-drier-driestheavy-heavier-heaviest以重读闭音节一个辅音字母结尾的词双写

14、该辅音字母，再加-er ; -estthin-thinner-thinnest多音节和部分双音节单词在词前加 more ; mostmore deliciousmost delicious2）几个不规则的形容词和副词的比较级和最高级如下：原 级比较级最高级good / well betterbestbad / badly/ ill worse worstmany / muchmoremostlittleless leastfarfarther / furtherfarthest / furthestold older/elder oldest/eldest2）形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级

15、表达法如下表:级别比较程度表达方式和意义例 句备 注原  级同等程度肯定形式as+原级+as(像一样)Art is as interesting as music.Play as well as you can. 否定形式not + so (as) +原级+as(不如那样)English is not so difficult as science.She does not study so well as I do. 比较级不同程度（用于两者比较）比较级+than(比)Jim is older than Michael.I like pork bett

16、er than beef.比较级前面可以加同much, far, even, still, a lot, a little, a bit等程度加深比较级+and+比较级（越来越）The + 比较级，the + 比较级（越, 越）He is growing taller and taller.He studies better and better.The more books she reads, the better she understand. 最高级最高程度（用于三者或三者以上）The +最高级+of (in)(最)Spring is the best season of t

17、he year.Lin Tao jumped (the) farthest of all.副词最高级前面的the 往往省略注意：有些形容词，如 dead, empty, round, sure, woolen 等受本身含义的限制，没有比较级。有些形容词和副词的比较等级用-er, -est或者more, most皆可，如clever, lovely等。表示“较不-”和“最不-”时，可用less和least.difficult-less difficult-least difficultinteresting-less interesting-least interesting(二)形容词和副词原

18、级的用法(1)原级的基本用法句型:主语+谓语动词+as+原级+as+比较对象 (前者与后者一样.) 主语+.not + as /so+原级+as+比较对象 (前者不如后者那么.) The coat is as old as that one . The weather in Beijing is not as/so hot as that in Shanghai . (2)原级的特殊用法 1)表示"是.的几倍". 句型: .times +as +原级 + as . This house is three times as large as that one . He can

19、 run five three times as fast as his brother. 2)表示".的一半.". 句型: .half as +原级 + as . My money is not half as much as yours. 3)表示"尽可能.". 句型: .as + 原级 + as possible/one can. We should get up as early as possible/we can.选择最佳答案填空：( )1. She isnt so at maths as you are.A. well B. good C.

20、 better D. best ( )2. Peter writes of the three. A. better B. best C. good D. well( )3. It's such an _ film that all the students are _ in it.A. interesting; interested B. interested; interestingC. interesting; interesting D. interested; interested; interested( )4. We don't have _ every day.

21、A. a lot of school works B. many school workC. any school works D. much school work( )5. _ children there are in family,_ their life will be.A. The less; the better B. The fewer; the betterC. Fewer; richer D. More; poorer( )6. Most of the people in Guangdong are getting _.A. more and more rich B. mo

22、re rich and more richC. richer and richer D. richer and richest( )7. Which lesson is _, this one or that one?A. difficult B. much difficult C. more difficult D. the most difficult( )8. _ is it from our school to Laibin?A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How much( )9. In our city, it is _ in July

23、, but it is even _ in August.A. hotter; hottest B. hot; hot C. hotter; hot D. hot; hotter( )10. This pencil is _ that one.A. so long as B. as longer as C. longer than D. not as longest as( )11. This box is _ heavy _ I can't carry it.A. too, to B. so, that C. very, that D. too, that( )12. India has the second _ population in the world.A. larger B. most C. smallest D. largest( )13. I have _ to do today. A. anything important B. something important C. important nothing D. important something( )14. Jone looks so _ today because she