岩石力学专业词汇

1、土木工程专业课程双语教学岩石力学英语专业词汇必备(主要选自CHARLES JAEGER 著, ROCK MECHANICS AND ENGINEERING 之 SUBJECT INDEX)戴 俊西安科技大学建筑与土木工程学院二 零 零 三 年 八 月For bi-linguistic teaching of a course in civil engineering specialtyESSENCIAL ENGLISH GLOSSARY FOR ROCK MECHANICS(MAINLY FROM THE SUBJECT INDEX OF ROCK MECHANICS AND ENGINEER

2、ING BY CHARLES JAEGER)J. DAIArchitechure and Civil Engineering College of Xian University of Science and TechnologyAugust, 3002Aabscissa横坐标agar岩石，石头，琼脂age of rocks岩石（地质）年代，岩石时效void index，index of void空隙系数aging of rock masses岩体的时效air，Permeability of rock to岩石的透气性altazimuth高度方位角，地平经纬仪alluvium冲积土，冲积层，泥

3、沙alteration of rock岩石遍化，岩层变化American Society of Engineering Geologists美国工程地质协会American Task Committee美国特别工作委员会amphibolite闪岩amortization阻尼anchorage of cables索锚固，钢索锚固anchored cables锚索compression tests with cables利用锚索进行的压缩试验forces in cables锚索中的力rock reinforcement岩石加固，shear tests with cables锚索剪切试验anchor

4、ed dams锚固坝，锚杆支护坝体anchors，steel（rock bolts）钢锚杆andesite安山石anisotropy各向异性，有向性，非均质性analysis of 各向异性分析 of rock masses岩体的各向异性 of rock material岩石材料的的各向异性anticline背斜arch of rock，selfsustaining自稳岩石（平衡）拱arch dams拱坝abutments of 拱坝的基础，坝基，拱坝支撑结构drainage for 拱坝排水foundations of 拱坝基础reserve of strength of 拱坝的强度储备ro

5、tation of base of 拱坝基础的旋转arch gravity dams重力拱坝，拱形重力坝arching，degree of成拱度，成拱性argilolith(一种岩石)Austrian method奥地利施工法 for estimating rock jointing奥地利岩石节理评估法 for in situ tunnel tests奥地利隧道现场试验法 for tunnel lining奥地利隧道支护法Austrian Society for Geophysics and Engineering Geology奥地利地球物理与工程地质协会Austrian Society o

6、f Rock Mechanies奥地利岩石力学协会autostabilization of rock slides岩石滑坡自稳化avalanches，comparison of rock slides to岩石滑坡与雪崩的对比azimuth方位角，方位Bbasalt玄武岩bedding joints层理orientation of 层理方向bending test，for tensile strength弯曲拉伸试验bentonite优质粘土bibliography文献，评述，参考书目biotite黑云母biotite gneiss黑云母片麻岩biotite schists黑云母片岩biref

7、ringence method of measuring residual rock stress原岩应力双折射测试法blasting，stresses caused by爆破引起的应力，爆破应力blowout of rock masses under dam坝基下的鼓出岩石Bolts (同rock bolts)锚杆bore holes钻孔 in grouting of dam foundations坝基浇筑混凝土中的钻孔measuring deformations of 钻孔变形测量 Boussinesq鲍赛恩斯Boussinesq-Cerrutti equation鲍赛恩斯-斯兰提方程Bo

8、ussinesq half-space鲍赛恩斯半空间Brazilian tensile test巴西拉伸试验brittle fracture of rock岩石脆性破坏，岩石脆性断裂 at surface地表岩石脆性破坏 under dams坝基岩石脆性破坏 at Vajont威捷岩石脆性破坏buckling strength弯曲强度buttress撑墙，支柱buttress dams支撑坝buttresses，failure of支撑体破坏Ccables，anchored锚索consolidation by means of 锚索加固 for in-situ tests of deforma

9、tion用于现场变形试验的锚索calcite方解石Cambrian rocks寒武纪岩石Carboniferous rocks石炭纪岩石catchment集水，汇水caving and subsidence垮落与沉陷，塌陷与下沉cavities，strains and stresses about峒室周围的应变与应力 Hayashis solution哈亚斯的峒室周围的应变与应力解cave岩洞cavern岩洞，大洞cement，grouting with水泥注浆，水泥灌浆cemented rock胶结性岩石chalk白垩characteristics特性，特点，特征 of rock masse

10、s岩石的特征 of rock material岩石矿物的特性chemical effects of water on rock水对岩石的化学影响，水对岩石的化学作用chert角石，黑硅石chlorite绿泥岩，亚氯酸岩circular loaded plate，strains under应变条件下的圆形加载盘circumfrential stresses，round cavities峒室周围的环向（或切向）应力classification of rocks岩石分类 by crusning strength of rocks 依据破碎强度的岩石分类 by radial permeability

11、tests依据径向渗透试验的岩石分类cleft劈裂conventional classification传统分类法engineering classification of intact rocks完整岩石的工程分类geological classification of rocks岩石的地质分类classification of rocks by age依据地质年代的岩石分类classification of rocks accordng to：hardness，density，silicon content， rock material，rock quality designation (

12、Q.R.D)依据硬度，密度，硅含量，岩石矿物，岩石质量指标的岩石分类rock slides岩石滑动，岩石滑移sandstones砂岩Strain-stress curves应力-应变曲线elastic rock masses，theory of stresses in弹性岩体中的应力理论clastic碎屑的clay-shales粘土质页岩clayey schists粘土质片岩，含粘土片岩clays粘土，泥土shear strength of 粘土的剪切强度slopes of 粘土边坡cleft water pressure裂隙水压力 on slopes边坡裂隙水压力 on tunnels隧道裂

13、隙水压力 under dams坝底裂隙水压力coagutant凝结剂coal煤cobble大卵石cohesion of rock岩石的粘性loss of 岩石粘性损失low values of 岩石粘性低值collapse of tunnel roof or wall 隧道冒顶或片帮compacted rock压实岩石，压密岩石compactness of rock mass岩体的压实度compression（crushing）strength压缩（破碎）强度conglomerate碎屑岩，砾石correlations of with elasticity压缩强度与弹性的关系 with rat

14、e of loading压缩强度与加载率的关系 with rebound压缩强度与回弹的关系compression（crushing）strength of dry and wet rock干燥和含水岩石的抗压（破碎）强度compression strength tests抗压强度试验dispersion of result of 压应力试验结果的离差compression stress压应力distribution of 压应力分布 in rock masses岩体中的压应力 on rock samples岩石试件中的压应力分布scale effect in compression stre

15、ngth tests压应力试验的尺寸效应compression chamber压力室in-situ compression stress tests现场压应力试验Computer, use of计算机的应用concrete混凝土boundary between rock and 岩石与混凝土的边界comparisons of rock and 岩石与混凝土的比较compression tests on 混凝土压缩（力）试验creep of 混凝土蠕变elasticity of 混凝土弹性shear tests on 混凝土剪切试验stabilization of potential rock

16、slides by 利用混凝土稳定潜在的岩石滑坡tunnels lined with 混凝土支护的隧道 uplift pressure in 混凝土中的冻胀压力，混凝土中的向上水压力concreting：early concreting technique混凝土浇筑：早期的混凝土浇筑技术，早期的混凝土应用技术conglomerates骨料，集料consolidation of rock masses by cades, by grouting锚索岩体加固，岩体注浆加固consolidation of rock masses under load载荷作用下的岩体加固continuum rock

17、mechancs连续岩石力学contour diagrams等高线图，轮廓线图convergence in tunnels隧道中的收敛correlations of rock characteristics岩石特性的相关性counterfort护墙，挡墙crushing strength，tensile strength，shear strength versus void index破碎强度，抗拉强度，抗剪强度与空隙度（性）dispersion of crushing strength versus radal percolation tests抗压强度与径向渗透试验的离散性dispersi

18、on of Ed (dynamic) versus Es (static), Ed/ Es versus wave lenth , E (plate load tests) versus transversal velocity动态Ed与静态Es，Ed/ Es与波长，E（板加载试验）与横波波速的离散性Coulomb（Coulomb-Mohr）law of shear库仑（库仑-莫尔）剪应力定律或准则counterforts拱柱cracks in Griffith theory of rock rupture格里菲斯岩石断裂理论中的裂纹creep 蠕变 of concrete混凝土蠕变 cont

19、inuous in the slide, of rock masses, of rock material滑坡中的连续蠕变，岩体蠕变，岩石矿物蠕变velocity of 蠕变速度cretaceous rocks白垩纪岩石cross joints交叉节理，穿透节理 in sedimentary rocks沉积岩中的交叉节理crushing of rock masses岩石破碎 round tunnels隧道周围的岩体破碎crushing strength破碎强度crystalline rock晶状岩石crystallography结晶学Ddam abutment blocks大坝侧向支撑体，大坝

20、端部支撑体dam abutments大坝侧向支撑，大坝端部支撑displacements of 大坝侧向支撑的位移elasticity of 大坝侧向支撑的弹性failure of 大坝侧向支撑的破坏models of大坝侧向支撑模型reinforcement of 大坝侧向支撑的加固stability of 大坝侧向支撑的稳定性stresses in 大坝侧向支撑中的应力dam foundations坝基础anchorage of dams坝体锚固blow out of rock masses under a dam坝下方得岩体爆裂classical approach经典方法consolid

21、ation of 坝基加固design and construction of 坝基的设计与施工displacements of 坝基位移drainage of 坝基排水grouting for 坝基注浆failures of 坝基的破坏geomechanical model tests of 坝基的地质力学（岩土力学）模型试验grouting of 坝基注浆percolating water in 坝基渗水 reinforcement of 坝基加固rocks suitable for 坝基岩石稳定性rotation of 坝基旋转stability of 坝基稳定性stratified f

22、oundations层状基础stresses in 坝基中的应力zone of tensile stresses拉应力区dams坝，大坝，水坝 choice of sites for 大坝位置选择 grout curtain under 坝下注浆帷幕 model tests of 大坝模型试验profile of 大坝剖面，大坝轮廓，大坝侧面settlement of large 大坝沉降deflectometers挠度计，挠度仪deformability of rock岩石变形能力，岩石变形性deformation变形irreversible 不可逆变形，塑性变形 measurement o

23、f 变形测量modulus of 变形模量reversible 可逆变形，弹性变形 in settlement of large dams坝基沉降中的变形density of rock岩石密度deviation（standard）偏差，（标准）偏差diabase辉绿岩diorite闪长岩dip of strata地层倾向，岩层倾斜detritus岩屑，碎屑discontinuities in rock岩石中的断层，岩石中的间断面displacement curves，in shear tests剪切试验中的位移曲线displacement vectors位移矢量displacements位移

24、in dam abutments坝支撑位移 in dam foundations坝基位移 under loading plates加载板作用下的位移 under point loads点载荷下的位移Dogger limestone朵格尔石灰岩dolomite白云岩，白云石doorstopper method of measuring strain in rock岩石中应变测量的门塞法drainage排水，排水装置 of tunnels隧道排水dynamic tests动态试验dynamics of slides滑坡动力学Eearth dams土坝，泥土坝earthquake地震effectiv

25、e cohesion有效内聚力，有效粘结力，有效凝聚力effective moduus and Poisson ratio有效模量与泊松比effective stress有效应力 in rock masses岩体中的有效应力 in rock material岩石中的有效应力effective shear stress有效剪应力effluent渗漏，流出elastic deformation of rock岩石的弹性变形elasticity modulus E of concrete混凝土的弹性模量E compared with that of rock与岩石相比下的混凝土的弹性模量elasti

26、city modulus E（static）of rock岩石的（静态）弹性模量E at depth深部岩石的弹性模量correlation of differerent determinations of 不同方法确定的弹性模量关系elasticity弹性，弹力 determinations of in dams designing foundation坝基设计中的弹性确定determinations of by seismic wave弹性的地震波法确定determinations of in investigation of dam sites坝体现场研究中的弹性确定determinat

27、ions of by ultrasonic wave弹性的超声波法确定 in strain-stress calcutalions应变-应力计算中的弹性确定elasticity modulus Ed（dynamid）of rock岩石的（动态）弹性模量Edratio of static modulus to 岩石的静态模量与动态模量比elasticity modulus Et（ratio of values at 50 and 100 ultimate strength）弹性模量Et（50%极限强度与100%极限强度时的模量值比）elasticity modulus Etotal (ratio

28、 of stress to deformation：bulk modulus)弹性模量Etotal（应力与变形比：体积寞量）electrical resistivity method of testing rock masses岩体试验的电阻法epoxy resin环氧树脂 coating or rock sample with 环氧树脂涂层或涂有环氧树脂的岩石试件strength of 环氧树脂的强度equipotential等位，等电位excavations峒室，开挖rock movements caused by 开挖引起的岩石位移（移动）extensometers伸长计，变形测定仪 f

29、or boreholes钻孔伸长计，钻孔变形测定仪sonor 带声响的变形测定仪extrados拱背线，外拱线Ffailure of rock岩石破坏，岩石断裂brittle failure, shear failure, tensile failure, visco-plastic failure脆性破坏，剪切破坏，拉伸破坏，粘-塑形破坏 progressive failure of rock mass岩体的渐进破坏failure of dam foundations坝基破坏failure of rock slopes岩石边坡破坏failure of tunnels and caverns隧

30、道与峒室破坏failure criterion破坏准则，断裂准则failures破坏fall of rock岩石冒落，冒顶faults in rock岩石中的断层 boling of 岩石断层锚固 and engineering works岩石断层与工程施工filling material in 岩石断层中的冲填材料slides along 沿岩石断层的滑动felspar长石filling material填充物，填充材料 effect of percolating water in 填充物中渗水的影响tests on 填充物试验finite element method（f. e. m.）o

31、f numerical stress analysis岩石应力分析的有限元方法fissuration porosity破坏的多孔性fissure in rock岩石中的裂纹，岩石中的裂缝 along dam heel沿坝跟（踵）岩石裂缝classification of 岩石裂缝分类 and compression strength岩石裂缝与抗压强度deformation of 岩石裂缝变形 and effective elasticity岩石裂缝与有效弹性estimates of extent of 岩石破裂的程度估计grouting of 岩石裂缝注浆 over pressure tume

32、ls压力隧洞上方的岩石裂缝rock slide along 沿岩石裂缝的岩石滑动 and stability岩石裂缝与稳定性 and stress distribution岩石裂缝与应力分布tensile strength and average length of 抗拉强度与岩石裂缝平均长度water flow in 岩石裂缝中的水流 Water pressure in 岩石裂缝中的水压力flood, dam failure caused by涌水引起的大坝破坏flow of rock masses岩体流，泥石流continuous flow, discontinuous flow连续流与间

33、断流flow of water in rock masses岩石中的水流 convergent or divergent flow汇集流与发散流foliation, plane of生叶面，叶理面，分层面foundation基础fractures of rock岩石断裂，岩石裂缝 correlation between RQD and frequency of 岩石质量指标与岩石破裂频率的关系flow of water in 岩石裂缝中的水流 plane of 岩石破裂面friction摩擦angle of 摩擦角 angle of for different rocks不同岩石的摩擦角tes

34、ts for angle of 摩擦角试验 coefficient of 摩擦系数 coefficient of for filling material填充材料的摩擦系数internal , internal angle内摩擦，内摩擦角friction factor摩擦系数 among faults断层间的摩擦系数 for rock on rock岩石对岩石的摩擦系数 and shear strength摩擦系数与抗剪强度friction force摩擦力Ggabbro辉长岩galleries水平隧道，水平坑道，巷道 discharge 卸压隧道pressurized 压力隧道，受压隧道ga

35、p裂口，间隙，缝隙gas, underground storage of地下储油库gauge量规，量表，传感器 strain 应变传感器 rosette of 玫瑰花瓣的应变片丛geodetic测地的，大地测量学的，测地学的geological mapping地质图geo1ogy地质学，地质概况 of dam sites坝址的地质概况 and rock grouting地质概况与岩石注浆 and rock mechanics地质学与岩石力学 of undersround power station地下电站地质学，地下发电厂房的地质概况geomorphological地形的geophone小型地

36、震仪，地音探测仪geophysical tahniques地球物理学方法Georgia Institute of Technology乔治亚工业学院，乔治亚理工学院geothermal gradient地热梯度，地温梯度glacier冰河，冰川gneiss片麻岩 for dam foundations用于坝基的片麻岩 effect of water on 水对片麻岩的影响 kaolinized 高岭土化的片麻岩 permeability of 片麻岩的渗透性，片麻岩的渗水性gouge沟，凿孔，断层泥granite花岗岩 compression strength of 花岗岩的抗压强度 cree

37、p curve of 花岗岩的蠕变曲线 rebound number of 花岗岩的回弹数 strain-stress curve for 花岗岩的应变-应力曲线 weathered 风化花岗岩gravity dams重力坝GriffithHoek theory of rupture of rocks岩石的格里非斯-虎克断裂理论grout curtains under dams坝下的注浆帷幕 water seepage through 透过坝下注浆帷幕的渗水性grouting注浆，灌浆 with cement水泥注浆 consolidation of rock by 岩石注浆加固 pressu

38、re注浆压力 of rock round tunnels隧道周围的岩石注浆 with silicates硅酸盐注浆，注入硅酸盐浆液 techniques of 注浆技术 of tunnels隧道注浆gunite压力喷浆，喷射水泥砂浆，砂浆gypsum石膏Hhalf-space homogeneous elastic半空间均质弹性的 elastic half-space弹性半空间fissured and continuous 裂隙及连续弹性半空间loaded halfspace受灾半空间hardness of rocks岩石的硬度heat flow, equation for热流动方程，热传递方

39、程Heims hypothesis赫米假设Heims paradox赫米自相矛盾论，赫米似是而非论hexagonal六边形的，六角形的homogeneous zones均质区horizontal stress水平应力 in dam foundation坝基础中的水平应力 zone from hydrostatic pressure静水压引起的水平应力区hydraulic gradient水力梯度hydraulic potential lines水力势线hydrodynamic force on rock mass作用于岩体上的动水压力hydrogeology水文地质学hydro power t

40、unnels水力隧洞hydrostatic pressure静水压力 on dam foundation作用于坝基础上的静水压力 distribution of 静水压力分布 and residual stress in rock岩石中的静水压力与原岩应力 on rock mass作用于岩体上的静水压力 in rock salt岩质盐矿中的应力stresses round pressure tunnels caused by 静水压力的压力隧洞周边应力Iice冰 discontinuous flow of 不连续冰流 in rock fissures岩石裂隙中的冰ideal stress理想应

41、力igneous rocks火成岩immersed and partly immersed rock masses侵入及部分侵入岩体immersion浸水，浸入impregnated渗入的，饱和的impregnation注入，浸渗in situ tests and measurements现场试验与测量in situ bore hole tests现场钻孔试验in situ compression tests现场压力试验in situ permeability tests现场渗透试验，现场渗水试验in situ plate bearing tests现场承载板试验induration固结Int

42、itution of Civil Engineering，London伦敦土木工程研究所，伦敦土木工程学院International Committee on Large Dams（ICOLD）国际大坝委员会International Society of rock mechanics国际岩石力学协会，国际岩石力学学会interstitial water间隙水intrinsic curve固有曲线，本质曲线 definition of 固有曲线的定义intrinsic zone固有区intrados拱内圈，拱底面ion离子isotropic rock mass各向同性岩石Istituto Sp

43、erimentale Modelli e Structure（ISMES）Jjack千斤顶 cylindrical 液压千斤顶field tests with 用千斤顶完成的现场试验 in toe of dam位于坝趾的千斤顶jacking test冲击试验，千斤顶加载试验joint 节理 meter节理测量仪in rock岩石中的节理classification of 节理分类 and cohesion节理与粘结力 and critical angle of slopes节理与边坡临界角and differences between laboratory and in-situ tests

44、of deformation, of elasticity节理与变形、弹性的实验室与现场试验结果之间的偏差orientation of 节理方向shearing at 节理面剪切spacing of 节理间距strength of 节理强度 and strength of rock节理与岩石强度Jurassic rock侏罗纪岩石Kkaolinization高岭土化作用，高岭石化作用KelvinVoight model for rock deformations开尔文-维埃特岩石变形模型kinetic energy of rock masses岩体的动能LLaboratoric Naciona

45、l de Engenharia Civil，Lisbon里斯本Laboratory tests 试验室试验 on rock material or filling material岩块或充填材料的实验室试验 on crushing strength试验室破碎强度试验 on shear strength试验室剪切强度试验 on water percolation试验是渗水试验 on wave velocity波速试验室试验landslide山崩，崩塌的泥石Laplace equation拉普拉斯方程Lasalle Research Laboratory，Montreal蒙特利尔拉斯尔研究实验室l

46、ava熔岩，火山岩leakage漏，渗漏lias青石灰岩limestone石灰岩 compression strength of 石灰岩的抗压强度 for dam foundations用于坝基建造的石灰岩elasticity of 石灰岩的弹性permeability of 石灰岩的渗透性strain-stress curves of 石灰岩的应变-应力曲线swelling of 石灰岩膨胀，石灰岩剪胀line-load tests线载荷试验 for antisotropy各向异性线载荷试验 for tensile strength抗拉强度线载荷试验lining 支护，衬砌stresses

47、in 支护体中应力 of tunnel隧道支护lip边，缘lithology岩石学，岩性学load cells压力盒，载荷传感器loadstrain diagram载荷-应变图loading加载，载荷 consolidation under 施载加固 rate of in test试验中的加载率 on a slope边坡上的载荷loss of water渗水，漏水 under dam坝体渗水 from tunnels隧道渗水Lugeon罗吉恩 grouting techniques罗吉恩注浆技术 unit罗吉恩系统Mmacrofractures宏观裂纹 and permeability宏观裂纹

48、与渗透性malm石灰质砂，泥灰砂Malm limestone马尔蒙石灰岩manifestation现象，体现，表现形式manometer（流体）压力表marble大理石marl-clay sandstone灰泥质砂岩marls泥灰，泥灰土permeability of 泥灰土的渗透性power station in 修建于泥灰土中的发电站mechanical properties of rock material岩石矿物材料的力学性质Mercali scale麦氏级metamorphic rock变质岩mica schist云母片岩micaceous quartzite云母石英岩microfi

49、ssures微裂隙 induced by compression受压引起的微裂隙 and permeability微裂隙与渗透性microfractures微观破坏，、微观断裂mining engineering采矿工程mineralogy矿物学model testing模型试验 of dam abutments坝体支撑的模型试验 of dam坝体模型试验 of percolation of water渗水性模型试验 of reservoir basin水库体模型试验 of rock mass岩体模型试验 of sliding surface滑动面模型试验 of underground pow

50、er station地下电站模型试验modulus系数，模数，模量dynamic modulus动态模量effective modulus有效模量 in situ testing of rock mass岩石模量现场试验 laboratory tests模量试验室试验static 静态模量 in stratified rock mass层状岩体的模量moduus of deformation or bulk modulus边形模量或体积模量modulus of elasticity（Young modulus）弹性模量（杨氏模量）modulus of rigidity刚度模量Mohr circ

51、le莫尔圆examples of use of 莫尔圆应用实例mole-for tunnel excavation without blasting全断面隧道掘进机-用于隧道的非爆破掘进moment， displacements caused by力矩引起的位移momentum equation力矩方程moraine冰碛，冰碛层mortar，grouting with注入砂浆，砂浆注浆mudstone泥岩mylonite糜棱岩NNational Coal Board，Britain英国国家煤炭局（部）needle test, for anisotropy各向异性针击试验Newtons law for