2016中考语法专项名词讲与练

1、语法专项名词讲与练一、名词分类名   词类别意     义例       词专有名词表示具体的人名、事物、国家、地名、机构、团体等的专有名称Gina , China, Beijing, the U.N,the Palace Museum普通名词可数名词个体名词表示单个人的人或事物girl, boy, book, banana, computer,集合名词表示一群人或一些事物的总称peop

2、le, police, team, clothes, group不可数名词物质名词表示无法分为个体的物质(液态、颗粒、肉类)water, ice, pork, cheese,  cotton, broccoli抽象名词表示抽象概念的词fun, healthy, happiness, courage, love, care二、 可数名词的复数变化规则情况词尾变化读  音例    

3、  词一般情况加s在清辅音后读/s/chips,  jeeps, pats , clocks在浊辅音或元音后读/z/boys, sharpeners, sofas, drawers以s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词加es/iz/watches, boxes, classes, brushes以辅音字母+y结尾的单词去y 变i加es/z/dictionaries, strawberries,以f 或fe结尾的单词去f或fe变v 

4、;加 es/vz/leaves, wives, halves以字母o结尾的单词无生命的名词前加s,有生命的加es/z/zoos, photos, bamboos,tomatoes, potatoes, heroes,三、不可数名词量的表达。类型英语汉译例子容器cup杯a cup of tea, two cups of coffeeglass杯a glass of water, three glasses of juicebottle瓶a bottle of pop, seven bottles of waterbowl碗a

5、bowl of rice, four bowls of soupbox箱，盒a box of chalk, five boxes of chalkbag袋a bag of rice, six bags of rice个数piece 张；条；块；片a piece of meat, two pieces of advice, three pieces of paper度量kilo公斤a kilo of oil, two kilos of oilpound磅a pound of beef, three pounds of beef四、名词所有格。类型构成方法例子 有生命的名词在词尾加s，或用of 结

6、构Li Mings book或the book of Li MingChildrens Day, Womens work以s结尾的直接加students books, Teachers Day无生命的名词表示时间、距离、国家、城镇一般在词尾加san hours drive, Chinas first gold medal其他一般用of结构a photo of my family五、特例清单 1. 可数名词复数的不规则变化  (1)单词中元音字母的改变。例如：  manmen, womanwomen, toothteeth, 

7、footfeet, goosegeese, mousemice (2)单复数同形。例如：ChineseChinese, deerdeer, fishfish, sheepsheep(3)由man 和woman修饰其他名词时，man和woman的形式随着被修饰的名词而变化。 例如： a man doctortwo men doctors, a woman teacherthree women teachers    &

8、#160;注意：有些名词表示一种物体具有不可分割的相同的两部分,在使用时只有复数形式。例如：trousers, clothes, glasses, shorts, scissors等。有些名词从形式上看是复数, 实际上是单数(其后的谓语动词要用单数)。例如：maths, physics, politics, news2. 不可数名词不能直接表达数量，因此，他们前面不能用a / an来修饰，也没有复数形式。物质名词和抽象名词都属于不可数名词。不可数名词一般只有单数形式, 但有其特殊用法。例如：   hope

9、hopes      differencedifferences 3. 既可数又不可数的名词。英语中根据表示的意义不同，有些名词既可以做可数名词又可作不可数名词。orange：橙汁(不可数)，橙子(可数)paper：纸张(不可数)，试卷(可数)fish：鱼肉(不可数)，鱼(可数)glass：玻璃(不可数)，玻璃杯(可数)4. 在使用名词所有格时，如果表示两人共有的物体, 则在第二个名词后加s; 如果分别是两人所有, 则在每个名词后面加s。例如：Lucy and Lilys room&#

10、160;( 指属于两人共有的房间)Mrs. Greens and Mrs. Browns sons ( 指各自的儿子)     5. 表示某具体场所时, 所有格后面的名词可省略。例如：at the doctors (office)   在医生的诊所 at Mr. Browns 在布朗先生家6. 双重所有格的构成方式为：of +s或of +名词性物主代词或名词的所有格。如：a big house&#

11、160;of Toms Tom的一所新房子a friend of his 她的一个朋友7. “数词+名词单数”构成的符合形容词作前置定语。例如：a seven-day holidayI. 可数名词练习1. Its your _ to protect the environment. A. duty B. hobby C. habit D. manner 2. We should keep _ clean.  A. toothes     B. tooths     C. our too

12、ths    D. our teeth 3. These are my _.  A. box    B. a box    C. boxes    D. the boxes4. The teacher said we needed to choose three _ for the concert.A. farmers B. doctors C. drivers D. singers5. There are four chairs in my room, one i

13、n each _. A. side B. floor C. wall D. cornerII. 不可数名词练习6. Does Mr. Brown like Chinese _.  A. foodB. foodsC. any foodD. some food7. We have bought two _ for the coming party.A. box of appleB. boxes of applesC. box of applesD. boxes of apple8. I am very thirty. Would you please bring me some _? A

14、. rices B. cakesC. orangeD. a piece of bread9. He was so thirsty that he drank _. A. two glass of waterB. two glasses of waters C. two glasses of waterD. two glass water10. I asked her for _ water, but she didnt have _. A. any, someB. any, anyC. some, someD. some, anyIII. 名词所有格练习11. Lucy has been to

15、 _ many times this year.A. her teachersB. her teacherC. his teachersD. his teacher12. This is _ table.   A. his uncleB. his uncles C. unclesD. her uncles13. After climbing 2 hours, we had _ rest.  A. a few minutesB. few minutesC. a few minutes D. few minutes14. Mr. Li i

16、s a friend of _.A. Johns uncleB. John unclesC. Johns unclesD. John uncle15. _ desk is the cleanest in the classroom. A. Anns and TomB. Ann and TomsC. Ann and TomD. Anns and Toms综合练习 1. Id like a _ for dessert. Fruit, you know, is good for health. A. potatoB. bananaC. candyD. pie2. Marys skirt is the

17、 same as her _. A. sisterB. brotherC. sistersD. brothers3. This is _ football. Why not ask them if you need it? A. Tom and HelenB. Toms and Helen C. Tom and HelensD. Toms and Helens4. Who is that man on the bike, Li Ming? He is _. A. an old friend of my father B. an old friend of my fathers C. my fa

18、thers an old friendD. a my fathers friend5. How many _ are there on the tables?Five _. A. orange; orangeB. oranges; orange C. orange; orangesD. oranges; oranges6. Jason likes the _ of the cake. It is a heart. A. colorB. sizeC. smellD. shape7. There are so many strict traffic _ which drivers must obe

19、y. Its good for traffic safety. A. signsB. rulesC. waysD. cares8. Tom, you are always full of _. May I know the secret? Well, I just take plenty of exercise every day. A. energyB. loveC. interestD. power 9. How far is it from your home to school?About twenty _ walk.A. minute B. minutesC. minutesD. m

20、inutes 10. Young children can easily lose reading skills during the summer vacation without _. A. practiceB. discussionC. homeworkD. education  11. I want a sweet milk. Put some _ in my cup, please. A. iceB. soupC. saltD. sugar 12. Its a _ to get ready to help the people in need. A. chanceB. sh

21、ameC. pleasureD. pity 13. There are few _ in the fridge. Lets go to buy some bananas and apples. A. fruitB. meatC. vegetablesD. drinks14. We all believe his words because he is an honest _. A. boyB. girlC. menD. woman 15. When I hurried to the airport, the lady at the window told me that there were

22、no _ left on that plane. A. placesB. seatsC. spaceD. room 真题演练 1.(2014·兰州) _ is one of the four great inventions of ancient China.A. The carB. The trainC. Paper-makingD. The computer 2. (2014·重庆) Lily, could you please pass me the _? I want 

23、;to cut the apple.     Sure, here you are.A. penB. pencilC. book D. knife3. (2014·湖州) Look at the clouds, so beautiful!Wow, so many different _, horses, sheep, flowersA. sizesB. shapesC. colorsD. styles 4. (2014·杭州)

24、 I am tired. This is not the right _ to ask me to go for a walk.A. momentB. chanceC. placeD. season5. (2014·宜宾) In this test, were asked to write a passage of about _. A. 80-wordsB. 80-wordC. 80 wordsD. 80 words6. (2014·宁波) Mum, I want to buy an iPhone 5s for a change. Well, I think there

25、is no _. Its almost the same as an Phone 4s. A. reasonB. needC. answerD. way7. (2014·安徽) More and more people come to visit Mount Huangshan.Thats true. It has become the _ of Anhui.A. prideB. effortC. praiseD. courage8. (2014·重庆B) Whats your favorite _, Bob? Cats. Theyre so lovely.A. plant

26、B. jobC. sportD. animal9. (2014·连云港) Nobody knows which team will win the 2014 World Cup in Brazil.Yes. That is the _ of the beautiful game.A. questionB. luckC. hopeD. magic10. (2014·鄂州) Do you come to South Korea for the _ of seeing your family or doing business?I come here on business.A.

27、 interestB. benefitC. purposeD. thought11. (2014·东营) What _ will global warming (全球变暖) bring us? Scientists have given us a clear list. A. newsB. dangersC. coursesD. advantages12. (2014·呼和浩特) When Peter comes, please ask him to leave a _.A. noticeB. messageC. sentenceD. information13. (201

28、4·十堰) What would you like to say to your _ before leaving school?Id like to say “Thank you very much! Ive learnt a lot from you in the past three years.” A. teachers B. workersC. doctorsD. engineers14. (2014·眉山) _ is it from the school to the post office?Its about ten _ walk.A. How far; mi

29、nutesB. How far; minutes C. How long; minutesD. How long; minutes15. (2014·长沙) Is the schoolbag under the desk yours? No, its my_. He left it there just now. A. brotherB. brothersC. brothers16. ( 2015·德州) The New York Times is a popular daily _. A. dictionaryB. magazineC. newspaperD. guide

30、book17. (2015·江西) There are lots of _ that students have to follow in school. A. exercisesB. problemsC. skillsD. rules18. (2015·天津) In 1998, Liu Xiangs _ in hurdling was noticed by Sun Jiangping. A. abilityB. tradeC. electricityD. memory19. (2015·安徽) How can I get some _ about the 201

31、6 Olympic Games?Why not search the Internet?A. informationB. experienceC. practiceD. success 20. (2015·泰安) The Chinese saying “A tree cant make a forest” tells us that _ is very important in a football match. A. abilityB. decisionC. teamworkD. experience21. (2015·克拉玛依) _ are planning to go

32、 on vacation. A. BlacksB. A BlacksC. The BlacksD. The Blacks22. (2015·苏州) None of them talked. They finished their meal in _. A. silenceB. orderC. placeD. public23. (2015·温州) Annie has a _, and she is going to see her dentist today. A. coldB. feverC. coughD. toothache24. (2015·武威) He has a collection of _. He can not only enjoy them but also use them to mail letters. A. stamps