国家开放大学学位英语考试复习-理工英语3阅读练习(含答案)211011更新.docx

1、阅读下面的短文，并从A,B,C,D四个选项中选择一个正确的选项，并把答案序号填写在空白处。Passage1IeohMingPeiisdefinitelyoneofthebiggestnamesinarchitecture.BorninChinain1917,Peiwasthesonofaprominentbanker.HegrewupmostlyinHongKongandShanghai.Attheageof17,PeileftfortheUnitedSlatestostudyarchitectureattheMassachusettsInstituteofTechnologyandthenH

2、arvardUniversity.PciattractedgreatattentionintheU.S.fortheJohnF.KennedyLibraryinBoston,butitwastheLouvrePyramidthatbroughthimworldwidefame.In1981,thenewlyelectedPresidentofFrancecameupwithanambitiousplanforavarietyofconstructionprojects,includingtherenovationoftheLouvreMuseum.Peiwasinvitedtojointher

3、enovatingteam.PeifinallyagreedtotakeontheprojectafterthreesecretivetripstoParis.PeidesignednotonlyaglassandsteelpyramidtoserveastheentrancetotheLouvre,butalsoatransformationoftheinteriors.Thepublicreactedharshlytothedesign,mostlybecauseoftheproposedpyramid.Inanattempttosoothepublicanger,Peitookasugg

4、estionfromthen-mayorofParisandplacedafull-sizedmodelofthepyramidinthecourtyardoftheLouvre.Duringthefourdaysofitsexhibition,anestimated60,000peoplevisitedthesite.Criticseasedtheiroppositionafterwitnessingtheproposedscaleofthepyramid.ThenewentrancewasopenedtothepublicinMarch,1989.Bythattime,publicopin

5、ionhadsoftenedonthePyramid;apollfounda56percentapprovalratingforthepyramid.tlThcmuch-fcarcdpyramidhasbecomeadorable,”wroteaFrenchwriter.TheexperiencewasexhaustingfbrPci,butalsorewarding.t4AftcrtheLouvre,"Pcisaidlater,"Ithoughtnoprojectwouldbetoodifficult."NowtheLouvrePyramidisPei'

6、smostfamousstructure.Thesquaresaren'tjustornamental.Theyaredesignedtocollecttheenergycreatedbypedestrians.Itisestimatedthat40millionpedestrianswillusethatwalkwayinayear.Itwillgenerateseveralhundredkilowatt-hoursofelectricityfromthefootsteps.That'senoughtopowerhalfthemail'soutdoorlighting

7、.Thetilesweredevelopedandproducedin2009bya26-year-oldLondoner.Thel7.7-by-23.6-inchtilesarcdesignedtobeusedwhereverpedestriansgatheronmasse:transportationhubssuchastrain,subway,andbusstations,airports,schools,malls.Thepowerisgeneratedfrommillionsoffootfalls.Itcanbeusedtopowerarangeoflightings,signs,d

8、igitalads,etc.Nearly30suchprojectshavebeeninstalledinEurope.Fortwoyearsnow,fourofitstileshavelinedahallwayataschoolnearLondon.Theycollectenergyfromfootfallsofits1,100studentstokeepthecoiridorlit.Musicfestivalattendees'footfallshavealsobeencontrolledtochargecellphonesandpowerlights.1. Thebrightgr

9、eenrubbertilesatthelargesturbanmallinLondonareNOTusedforornamentationA. decorationcollectingenergyB. warningThewordpedestriansinParagraph2isclosestinmeaningto.A. walkerstouristsB. travelersrunners2. Whichplaceisunsuitablefortheuseofthetiles?A. busstationschoolB. mallhome3. Fromthepassage,wecanseetha

10、tthetiles.A. havebeenwidelyinstalledinLondonhavebeenwidelyusedfordecorationB. havebeenusedinMusicfestivalhavebeenusedinOlympicstadium4. Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleforthepassage?A. PedestrianPoweronTilesUrbanMallinLondonB. TheInventionofTilesTheProductionofTiles1. IeohMingPeiisafamous?A. archit

11、ecturebankerB. architectartist2. IeohMingPcigotgreatattentionintheU.S.for?A. LouvreMuseumJohnF.KennedyLibraryB. thePyramidMuseumofIslamicArts3. Whichofthefollowingstatementsisn'tmentionedaccordingtothepassage?A. PeidesignedaglassandsteelpyramidtoserveastheentrancetotheLouvre.B. Peidesignedthetra

12、nsformationoftheinteriors.C. Pcidesignedafull-sizedmodelofthepyramid.D. PeidesignedtheLouvreMuseum.4. WhichofthefollowingstatementsisNOTcorrect?A. TheLouvrePyramidhasbroughtIeohMingPeiworldwidefame.B. ThePresidentofFranceinvitedPeitojointherenovatingteam.C. Peiagreedtotakeontheprojectdirectly.C.Thep

13、ublicreactedharshlytothedesignoftheentrancetotheLouvreatthebeginning.5. Whichofthefollowingisthebesttitleofthepassage?A. LouvreMuseumI.M.PeiandtheLouvrePyramidB. TheLifeofIeohMingPeiTheExperienceofIeohMingPeiPassage2AmphibiousArchitecture:Flood-ProofHomeDesignsInsteadoftryingtobeatbacktherisingflood

14、,innovativeamphibiousbuildingscanadapttotherisingflood.ThesebuildingsarereadyforwhateverMotherNaturemightthrowatthem-even10-footfloodwaters.Let'stakealookatjusttwoofthem.TheUK'sFirstAmphibiousHouseTheUK'sfirstamphibioushouseislocatedontheThamesRiver.AndthefirstamphibiousbuildinginBritain

15、willbecompletedsoon.BacaArchitectsdesignedthishomeforacouplewhowantedtoliveonaflood-proneislandintheThamesRiver,anislandeasilyattackedbyfloods.Thisbuildingisequippedwithaterracedlandscape.Andthisterracedlandscapeactsasanearlywarningsystemwhenthewatersarerising.Theterraceswillbefilledwithwaterbeforet

16、he"wetdock”underthehouseis,andthenthehomeitselfwillslowlyrisetostayabovethewater.SolarPoweredFloatingSchoolinNigeriaResidentsofMakokoinNigeriahavebeenbuildinghousesonstiltsforgenerations.Peopletheregofromonehousetoanotherbycanoc.Assealevelsarcrising,officialsthreatentoteardowntheentirecommunity

17、.Ifthesehousesaretorndown,250,000peoplewillbehomelessandhavetolookforanewplacetolive.Architectsfoundasolutioninfloatingstructureswithimprovedsanitationconditions.Thefirstcompletedexampleisathree-storysolar-poweredschool.Thisamazingfloatingschooladdressessocial,physicalandecologicalneeds.Builtontopof

18、256recycledbluebarrels,theschoolbuildingsaremadeoftriangularbambooandwood.Makoko'sresidentsmadefulluseoftheirskillswhenbuildingthesestructures.Withthreelevels,thesolar-powcrcdhighschoolhasroomfor100localkidsandrecyclesrainwatertoflushthetoilets.Andthecostforthewholeschoolstructureswasunder$7,000

19、.1. Whatdoestheunderlinedword"amphibious"mean?A. AbletooperateonlandAbletooperateinwalerB. AbletooperatebothonlandandinwaterAbletooperateneitheronlandnorinwater2. TheUK'sfirstamphibioushouseisdesignedfor.A. residentsofMakokoBacaArchitectsB. acoupleThamesRiver3. Whatdocsthererefertointh

20、e2cdsentenceinParagraph3?A. ThamesRiverMakokoinNigeriaB. Britaincommunity4. TheamazingfloatingschoolofMakokoismadeby.A. bambooandwoodbricksB. steelpolyester5. WhichofthefollowingstatementisNOTtrueaccordingtothelastparagraph?A. Thefloatingschoolisbuiltontopofrecycledbluebarrels.B. Theschoolbuildingsa

21、remadeofbambooandwood.C. Thefloatingschoolisbuiltbyresidents.D. Thefloatingschoolcostsmorethan$7,000.Passage3VcgolutionTheBelgiancityofGhenthasdeclaredThursdaysmeat-freedays.Shouldcitiesaroundtheworldjoininthevegolution?Byencouragingpeopletoeatnomeatonedayaweek,Ghenthopestoimprovepublichealthandredu

22、ceourimpactontheenvironment.Infact,accordingtotheUN'sFoodandAgricultureOrganization(FAO):"Thelivestocksectorhasbecomeoneofthetoptwoorthreemostsignificantcontributorstothemostseriousenvironmentalproblems."Andiftheideacanbeacceptedamongpeople,theimpactwillbeenormous.IfeveryoneinFlanders(

23、population:sixmillion)doesnoteatmeatonedayaweek,itwillsaveasmuchCO2inayearastakinghalfamillioncarsofftheroad.Imagineifeverycityintheworldfollowedsuit!SoeventhoughIateoutinBrusselsyesterday,1choseaveggiemeal.Don'tgetmewrong.I'mbynomeansvegetarian.Infact,Ilovefleshverymuch.Butforthepastcoupleo

24、fyears,mywifeandIhavechangedourdietandtrytoeatmeatorfishonlyacoupleoftimesaweek.Afteraperiodofadjustment,webothfeelhealthier."Therehasbeenagreatincreaseindemandfbrvegetariandishesatmyrestaurantoverthepastfewyears,"aGhentrestaurantsaid."Theselectionofvegetariandishesweofferhasalsogrown

25、considerably."Headdsthathisclientsareeatingveggiemainlyfortheirownwell-being,andthen,theenvironment.Theideahasbeenpickedupbymediaaroundtheworldandcapturedtheattentionofordinarypeople.Onemeatlessdayaweekisagreatidea,andnolossforthosewhowantatastydiet.Letthevegolutionbegin!1. Accordingtothepassag

26、e,abouttheBelgiancityofGhent,whichstatementisNOTcorrect?A. GhenthasdeclaredThursdaysmeat-freedays.B. Ghenthopestoimprovepublichealth.C. Ghentencouragespeopletocatnomeataweek.D. Ghenthopestoreducetheimpactontheenvironment.2. Whatdoestheidearefertointhe1stsentenceinParagraph3?A. TheBelgiancityofGhenth

27、asdeclaredThursdaysmeat-freedays.B. Thecitiesaroundtheworldshouldjoininthevegolution.C. Thelivestocksectorhasbecomeasignificantcontributortoenvironmentalproblems.D. Ghenthopestoimprovepublichealthandreduceourimpactontheenvironment.3. Accordingtothepassage,whichstatementabouttheauthorisTRUE?A. Heisav

28、egetarian.B. Hedoesn'tlikeflesh.C. Heeatsveggiemealmostofthetimeindailylife.D. Hiswifeisavegetarian.4. Accordingtothepassage,aboutGhentrestaurant,whichstatementisNOTcorrect?A. Thedemandforvegetariandishesisincreasingoverthepastfewyears.B. Theselectionofvegetariandishesisincreasingoverthepastfewy

29、ears.C. Thevegetariansareincreasingconsiderablyoverthepastfewyears.D. Theclientsareeatingveggiemainlyfortheirownwell-being.5. Whatistheauthor'sattitudetowardsvegolution?A. activepessimisticB. negativeworriedPassage4EarthHourMorethan134countriesacrosstheworld,includingtheUK,turnedofftheirlightsfo

30、ranhouronSunday.Theeventisinhopesofcreatingasustainablefuturefortheplanet.EnvironmentalcharityWorldWildlifeFund(WWF)hasorganizedtheEarthHourevent.TheeventsawiconicbuildingssuchasBigBen,theBTTower,BuckinghamPalace,WindsorCastleandEdinburghCastleblackingoutforanhour.Theeventtookplaceat8:30p.m.Sundayar

31、oundtheworldanditstartedinFiji,NewZealandandAustralia.Theaimistocallongovernments,organizationsandindividualstotakeactionstotackleclimatechange.AttheRoyalAlbertHallinLondon,televisionpresenterKirstyGallacherledateamof60cyclistsfromtheUK-WorldWildlifeFund.Theyaimedtoappealforthepublictopayattentionto

32、endangeredspeciesincludingdolphinsandtigers.ColinButfield,headofcampaigns,WWF-UK,said:"OureventattheRoyalAlbertHall,alongsidethehundredsofthousandsofeventsacrosstheworld,showsglobalsupportfortheneedtotackleclimatechangeandprotectthenaturalworld.Thechallengeforourfuturewell-beingcouldnotbegreate

33、r.WWF'sEarthHourisabouttocreateamessagesopowerfulthatgovernmentsandindividualscannotfailtotakenotice."EarthHourstartedin2007inSydney,Australia,when2.2millionindividualsandmorethan2,000businessesturnedtheirlightsoffforonehourtotakeastandagainstclimatechange.Thefollowingyear,EarthHourhadbecom

34、eaglobalsustainabilitymovementwithmorethan50millionpeopleacross35countriesparticipating.Fouroftheworld'sfivetallestbuildingsturnedofftheirlightswiththetallest,the828-mctrcBurgKhalifainDubai,switchingoffabouthalfamillionlights.AlsodarkeningfortheoccasionwerefloodlightsatnaturalwonderssuchasNiagar

35、aandVictoriaFalls.1. WhendidtheEarthHoureventbecomeaglobalmovement?A. in2007B.in2008C.in2009Din2010WheredidtheEarthHoureventstart?A. theUKB.AustraliaC.DubaiD.LondonWhatistheaimofEarthHourevent?A. tocallonorganizationsandindividualstotakeactionstotackleclimatechangetoappealforthepublictopayattentiont

36、oendangeredspeciesB. toappealforthepublictopayattentiontothechildrentocallonorganizationsandindividualstoprotecttheanimals2. HowmanypeopletookpartintheEarthHoureventatthebeginning?A. 2.2millionB.50millionC.134D.2,000Whichisthetallestbuildingthatturnedofftheirlightsintheevent?A. BigBenB.BTTowerC.Burg

37、KhalifaD.EdinburghCastlePassage5DriverlessCarsWillSoonHitOurStreetsYoujumpintoacar,tellitwhereyouwanttogo,thensitbackandletacomputertakecontrol.Itseemslikeadreaminthefuture.Itisn't.Inmanywayssuchdriverlesscarsarealreadywithus.Thereispartialautomationinmanycars,suchasintelligentbraking,lanedepart

38、urewarningandautomaticparking.Thesystemsarctheresothatcarscanprettymuchdrivethemselves.Noonenoticedtheintroductionofcruisecontrol.Wevegotcollisionavoidance,andwe'llsoonhaveautomaticlanechange.Improvingthistechnologyshouldmaketheroadssafer.Machinesaremuchbetteratfollowingrulesthanhumans.Roadsignsadvisedriverstoslowdowntoavoidcreatingjams.Theyareoftenignoredbydrivers.Butitwon'thappentoacomputer.Driverlesscarscouldalsochoosethebestroutetoavoidtrafficjams.Fewerjamswillmeanlessstop-startdriving.Maintainingsmoothandconstantspeedswillimprovefuelefficiency.Computerscoulda