动词不定式用法(知识梳理)

1、.动词不定式用法真题再现1. After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on all the people who had helped in her career. A. to thank B. thanking C. having thanked D. to have thanked2. Sometimes I act as listening ear for fellow students _ what is bothering themA. to talk over B. talk

2、ed over C. talk over D. having talked over3. _ more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course. A. Learn B. Learned C. To learn D. To be learning4. _the early flight，we ordered a taxi in advance and got up very early. A. Catching B. Caught C. To catch D.

3、 Catch5. This machine is very easy . Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes. A. operating B. to be operating C. operated D. to operate6. Tom took a taxi to the airport, only _ his plane high up in the sky.A. finding B. to find C. being found D. to have found7. If he takes on this work, he will

4、 have no choice but _ an even greater challenge.A. meets B. meeting C. meet D. to meet8. Birds singing is sometimes a warning to other birds _ away.A. to stay B. staying C. stayed D. stay9. George returned after the war, only _ that his wife had left him. A. to be told B. telling C. being toldD. tol

5、d 10. No matter how bright a talker you are, there are times when it's better silent.A. remainB. be remainingC. having remained D. to remain11. I remembered the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. A. locking B. to lock C. having locked D. to have locked 答案与解析：1. A。句

6、意：在获得奥斯卡最正确女配角后，Anne Benedict继续感谢所有帮助她演义生涯的人。go on to do继续做不同的事情。2. A。talk over讨论，根据分析，可知act as a listening ear for fellow student to do sth中的to do sth是作student的宾语补足语。句意：有时我充当一个倾听者来倾听我的同学们讨论他们的烦心事。3. C。这里是动词不定式形式作目的状语。该句意思为：为了更多理解到中国文化，杰克决定选择中国传统音乐作为选修课。4. C。从选项及句子构造看，此题考察非谓语动词。根据句意：提早预定出租车和早起的目的是“为

7、了赶上早的航班，用不定式表目的。5. D。在句型“主语+be+ adj .+ to do中，假如这个主语是动词do的逻辑宾语，故用主动表被动，所以选D。6. B。句意为：汤姆打车赶到机场，结果发现他要乘坐的飞机已经飞入高空了。此处only后接不定式表示意想不到的结果。7. D。所填词与前文构成固定句型have no choice but to do sth.，应选D。8.A。此题调整句子的顺序会更好理解：Birds singing is sometimes a warning _away to other birds.不定式to stay away作定语修饰warning，后面那个to是“对来

8、说的意思。9. A。此处only to do/be done表示意料之外的结果；如今分词作结果状语那么表示自然的结果。这里George和tell之间是被动关系，因此用to be told。句意：乔治战争后回到家，结果被告知妻子已经分开了。10. D。it做形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式：to remain silent. 可归结为句型：it is +形容词/名词+to do/that。当然it也可以作形式宾语，如find/feel it +to do/that. 11. B。Remember后面既可以接不定式，也可以接动名词，假如选择A，这与后面的before I left the off

9、ice是相矛盾的，只能选择答案B。C 和D 都是完成时，他们表示比主句动词发生的时间更早，没有必要。知识讲解不定式的构成及变形：动词不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。1. 不定式的一般式 不定式的一般式表示的动作通常与谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。 He appears to be very happy.同时发生 To catch the train, we'd better hurry to the station by taxi.to catch the train发生在hurry to the station之后2. 不定式的进展

10、式 不定式的进展式表示正在进展的或与谓语动词同时发生的动作。 It happened to be raining when I got there. 3. 不定式的完成式 不定式的完成式表示的动作在谓语表示的动作之前发生。 I'm sorry to have lost your key. 4. 不定式的完成进展式 不定式的完成进展式表示的动作在谓语之前发生并且一直进展着。 He was said to have been living in London for twenty years. 不定式的时态意义： He is said to be studying abroad.不定式的进

11、展式表示动作正在进展 He is said to have studied abroad.不定式的完成式表示动作已经完毕5 不定式的被动形式 当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式。不定式的被动形式根据其与谓语动作发生的先后关系，有一般式和完成时两种。一般式 to be done These are the books to be given out to the students. 完成式 to have been done The novel is said to have been translated into many languages. 6.

12、 不定式的否认形式 不定式的否认形式由not或never加不定式构成。 We decided not to go out because of the bad weather. 由于天气不好，我们决定不出去。 注意：谓语动词的否认和不定式的否认不同的意义 I did not promise to wake him up. 我没有容许叫醒他。 I promised not to wake him up. 我容许了不叫醒他。不定式句法功能 不定式可以作句子的主语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语等成分。作主语To hear from you is nice.To be a good teache

13、r is not easy.不定式作主语时，为了保持句子的平衡，往往以it作形式主语，而不定式置于谓语动词后。 Its nice to hear from you.Its not easy to be a good teacher.作宾语通常用于afford, agree, aim, arrange, ask, attempt, choose, continue, dare, decide, demand, desire, determine, expect, fail, hate, help, hesitate, hope, intend, learn, long, love, manage

14、, mean, need, offer, plan, prefer, prepare, pretend, promise, prove, refuse, seek, threaten, trouble, wait, want, wish等动词后面。I forgot to lock the door.Please remember to write to me.记忆口诀：三个希望两容许hope，wish，want，agree，promise 一个要求莫回绝demand，refuse 设法学会做决定manage，decide 不要假装在选择pretend，choose作表语My job is to

15、 pick up letters.He seemed to have heard nothing.作定语在the first, the second, the third, the last等之后通常接不定式作定语。作定语时须放在被修饰的名词之后：He is always the first one to get up.I have a few words to say on this question.主动形式表被动含义：I have a book to read.It is easy to read.Have you anything to send?比较：Have you anythin

16、g to be sent?She is the last to come.He is looking for a room to live in.There is nothing to worry about.作宾补通常用于advise, allow, ask, beg, cause, challenge, convince, enable, encourage, expect, forbid, force, instruct, invite, order, permit, persuade, recommend, remind, request, require, teach, tell,

17、train, urge, want, warn等词后。 He ordered her to leave at once.He was forced to obey his mothers order.作状语不定式作状语时通常表示目的，不定式用作目的状语有两个可能的位置，一是在句首，二是在句末。一般说来，用于句首属于强调性用法，即强调动词的目的。也可用于“be adj. to do构造中作原因状语。He got up early to catch the first bus.To finish the task on time, we have to work hard.Im happy to

18、hear the news. Im surprised to see him here. only to.往往表示“意想不到的结果；never to.可以接后续的结果。so.as to., such. as to., enough to., only to.以及too.to.等构造中的不定式也表结果： Her father disappeared, never to be heard again.I went to the bank only to find it was closed.不定式和如今分词作状语的区别1.作目的状语。不定式作目的状语，带有很强的目的性，有时可以把in order

19、to do置于句首。而如今分词作目的状语时，目的和伴随兼而有之。多放于句末，与主句用逗号隔开。In order to ensure success, we must make a complete and through plan.You should keep it a secret, trying to protect the plan.2.作结果状语。不定式作结果状语表示意外的结果。如今分词作状语表示自然的结果。He returned home many years later, only to find that everything had changed.意外的结果It raine

20、d heavily last night, causing the river to rise.自然的结果作独立成分to be honest, to begin with, to start with, to tell you the truth, to make a long story shortTo tell you the truth, I told a lie. To begin/start with, lets sing a song.To make a long story short, he succeeded in passing the exam.不定式特殊用法用it作形式

21、主语动词不定式作主语时，假如主语太长，通常用it作形式主语，将真正的主语动词不定式后置。 For us to learn English well is necessary. It is necessary for us to learn English well.动词不定式作主语时，假如将句子变为疑问句，应使用it作形式主语。To walk to the station takes twenty minutes.Does it take twenty minutes to walk to the station?用it作形式宾语某些不能修饰人的形容词作宾语补足语时，不能用表示人的词作宾语，应

22、用it作形式宾语，再用动词不定式的复合构造作真正的宾语；这类形容词常用的有necessary, easy, hard, common, possible及impossible等。父亲的猝死，使得他必须辍学。误：His fathers sudden death made him necessary to leave school.正：His fathers sudden death made it necessary for him to leave school.动词不定式作定语时是否要介词动词不定式与被修饰的名词或代词构成动宾关系时，假如动词不定式的动词及不及物动词，或者该动词不定式本身有宾

23、语，其后面应加上与之用法相应的介词。 We are looking for a room to live in.但被修饰的名词为place, time, way等时，那么往往省略介词。 Thats a nice place to workin.不定式主动式和被动式作定语区别动词不定式作定语时，假如其表示的动作为句子的主语发出时，该动词不定式一般用主动式；假如动词不定式表示的动作不是句子的主语发出的，该动词不定式应用被动式。例如：I am going to the shop because I have something to buy.“buy这个动作是句子的主语“I发出的，故用主动式to b

24、uyI am going to the shop. Do you have anything to be bought? “buy这个动作不是句子的主语“you发出的，故用被动式to be bought“too.to.构造“too +形容词或副词+ to do中的动词不定式表示结果，含有否认的意义，意思是“太以致不能。 The problem was too complicated for us to solve.但以下构造表示肯定含义。当too前或to前有否认词构成双重否认时：English is not too difficult to learn. 英语并不太难学。 He is too

25、wise not to see that. 他很聪明,不会不懂这一点。 当too后是glad, pleased, happy, delighted, satisfied, ready, willing, kind, apt, good, true, easy, near, careful, well, early, delicious, eager, anxious等形容词或副词时；与这些词连用时，too前还常加上only, all, but, just, simply等副词，意思不变，因为这些词加上too后与very同义。They are too anxious to leave. 他们急于

26、分开。He is too ready to help others. 他总是乐于助人。I'm only too glad to see you. 见到你非常快乐They are but too pleased to hear the news. 他们听到这个消息，非常快乐。与cannot连用：You cannot be too careful =You can never be careful enough to do your homework.你做作业越仔细越好=无论怎样仔细也不过分.不定式在句中作定语或真正的主语时：There are too many problems to b

27、e solved. 有很多问题有待解决。in order to与so as to动词不定式作目的状语位于句首时，前面可加in order，但不能加so as；动词不定式位于句末，那么加in order或so as均可。 In order to make money, they did anything.They set out early in order to/ so as to get to the village before 9.“疑问词不定式构造 “疑问词不定式构造中的疑问词，包括疑问代词who，what，which和疑问副词how，when，where等。这些疑问词和不定式一起构成

28、了不定式短语，这种构造可在句子中作主语、宾语、表语等。How to do it is a question. 作主语 I really don't know what to write about. 作动词宾语 We must first solve the problem of whom to serve. 作介词宾语 The question is where to put it. 作表语 I asked him how to learn English. 作宾语补足语不定式复合构造不定式可以与其逻辑主语一起构成不定式复合构造，其形式：“for+名词/人称代词宾格+带to的不定式。

29、其中的名词或人称代词宾格与不定式构成逻辑上的主谓关系。It is important for us to learn English well.但当表语表示不定式的逻辑主语的特征属性时要用of，如：good, kind, nice, wise, clever, silly, stupid, foolish, right, wrong, rude, impolite, carelessIt is very kind of you to help me. = you are kind to help me.不定式符号to省略watch, see, notice, observe, look at,

30、 hear, listen to, feel, make, let, have后接不定式做宾补时，省略to；但get sb to do中的to 不能省略。注意：主动省to的这些句子，变成被动形式时必须加to。I saw him play basketball.I noticed him come in.They made me repeat the story.I was made to repeat the story.当介词but, except, besides之前有一个实义动词do 助动词do及其变化形式除外时，后面的动词不定式不带to。此外，在can not but/except,

31、can not choose but/except, can not help but/except这三个固定用法中，but/except之后的不定式也不带to。 The enemy could not choose but surrender. I could do nothing except agree to his terms. Can you do nothing but sell the wedding ring? 介词instead of 前后的两个成分要相等。假如前面的成分是不定式，那么后面的不定式不带to。He went to play football instead of see a film. would had as soon, had better, had best 不常用 等之后，不定式省略to。 You had better not smoke. Id just as soon come tomorrow. 某些惯用法中，than之后的不定式不带to, 如do nothing else