机床整体控制专家系统及智能柔性驱动编程方案

1、Adaptive fuzzy logic controller for DCDC converters Expert Systems with ApplicationsThis paper introduces a complete design method to construct an adaptive fuzzy logic controller (AFLC) for DCDC converter. In a conventional fuzzy logic controller (FLC), knowledge on the system supplied by an ex

2、pert is required for developing membership functions (parameters) and control rules. The proposed AFLC, on the other hand, do not required expert for making parameters and control rules. Instead, parameters and rules are generated using a model data file, which contains summary of inputoutput pairs.

3、 The FLC use Mamdani type fuzzy logic controllers for the defuzzification strategy and inference operators. The proposed controller is designed and verified by digital computer simulation and then implemented for buck, boost and buckboost converters by using an 8-bit microcontroller.Article Outline1

4、. Introduction2. Basic design of adaptive fuzzy logic controller3. Adaptation algorithm for the fuzzy logic controller4. Computer simulation of the AFLC5. Implementation of the AFLC with microcontroller6. ConclusionCommissioning oftextorCC, the new TEXTOR control system and first operating experienc

5、es  Fusion Engineering and DesignThe old TEXTOR control systems have successfully been updated. The machine control has replaced bytextorCC, a solution based on the software package WinCC produced by Siemens. WinCC, and thereforetextorCC, can be easily integrated with the already available

6、 Siemens S5/S7 hardware components. This new system has the advantage that it is based on industrial soft- and hardware components.Therefore, the lifetime of the control system is extended and the maintenance effort is reduced. The installation and commissioning of the new control system was done in

7、 parallel to TEXTOR operation. During this time each function was tested and compared with the actual TEXTOR data. All functionality of the former control system was step-by-step replaced. Special attention was given to the visualization, data and error logging. The machine control timing system has

8、 been replaced by an in house development in partnership with Siemens. It consists of transmitters and receivers based on PROFIBUS modules and is fully compatible with the pre-existing timing infrastructure. The old programmable function generator (PFG) has been replaced by compact RIO modules, cont

9、rolled and programmed by Labview. This new PFG system allows to program up to 84 different time dependent signals. In this paper we intent to present a more detailed overview of our, on WinCC-based work, and a first status report on this new control system for TEXTOR.Article Outline1. Introduction2.

10、 Replacement of critical items 2.1. Old S3 PLC-components2.2. Programmable function generator2.3. Timing . Code generation. Modules. Software, Step7, WinCC3. textorCC4. Conclusion and outlookReferencesApplication of PLC to dynamic control system for liquid He cryogenic pumping facility on JT-60U NBI

11、 system The control system of the cryogenic facility in the JT-60 NBI system has been replaced by employing the PLC (Programmable Logic Controller) and SCADA (Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition) system. The original control system was constructed about 20 years ago by specifying the DCS (

12、Distributed Control System) computer to deal with 400 feedback loops. Recently, troubles on this control system have increased due to its age-induced deterioration. To maintain the high reliability of the cryogenic facility, a new control system has been planned with the PLC and SCADA systems. Their

13、 attractive features include high market availability and cost-effectiveness, however, the use of PLC for such a large facility with 400 feedback loops has not been established because of insufficient processing capability of the early PLC. Meanwhile, the recent progress in the PLC enables to use th

14、e FBD (function block diagram) programming language for 500 function blocks. By optimizing the function blocks and connecting them in the FBD language, the feedback loops have been successfully replaced from DCS to PLC without a software developer. Moreover, an oscillation of the liquid He level, wh

15、ich often occurs during the cooldown mode of the cryopumps, can be automatically stabilized by easily adding a new process program in the PLC. At present, the new control system has worked well.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Cryogenic facility for NBI system3. PLC based control system 3.1. Design

16、concept3.2. Construction of PLC based control system4. Operational results5. SummaryReferencesThe ECAL online software in the commissioning of the CMS detector Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated EquipmentThe Elect

17、romagnetic Calorimeter (ECAL) of the Compact Muon Solenoid (CMS) detector at the CERN Large Hadron Collider (LHC) is a crystal homogeneous calorimeter made of about 76 000 lead tungstate crystals. The detector was installed in the CMS experimental cavern in 2007 and 2008 and was commissioned wi

18、th cosmic rays and with LHC beams in 2008. The trigger and data acquisition system of the CMS ECAL comprises 35 000 Front End ASICs and 170 Off Detector VME Boards. The operation of the system, performed by the ECAL online software, requires the configuration of O(107) parameters and the realti

19、me monitoring of O(105) registers. In this paper we discuss the design and architecture of the ECAL online software and its performances in cosmic ray runs and with the first LHC beams.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Architecture of the CMS ECAL DAQ system3. Role and performances of the ECAL online

20、 software in the commissioning of the CMS Electromagnetic Calorimeter4. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsCurrent sharing of paralleled DCDC converters using GA-based PID controllers  We demonstrate a concept for pulse-width modulation (PWM) control of a parallel DCDC buck converter, which elimin

21、ates the need for multiple physical connections of gating/PWM signals among the distributed converter modules. The proposed control concept may lead to easier distributed control implementation of parallel DCDC converters and distributed power systems. For equipment with significant power requiremen

22、t, the traditional single power supply may not be adequate. Many power supplies with parallel regulation control can be used to solve this problem. This paper proposes a Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controller to control paralleled DCDC buck converters and current sharing is achieved. A ge

23、netic algorithm (GA) is employed to derive optimal or near optimal PID controller gains. Both simulations and experimental results are provided to verify the theoretical analysis through an experimental prototype of paralleled DCDC buck converters.Article Outline1. Introduction2. A GA-based PID cont

24、roller design3. Stability analysis4. Experimental results 4.1. Simulation results4.2. Experimental results5. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsIntegrated modeling and control of a PEM fuel cell power system with a PWM DC/DC converter Power SourcesA fuel cell powered system is regarded as a high curren

25、t and low voltage source. To boost the output voltage of a fuel cell, a DC/DC converter is employed. Since these two systems show different dynamics, they need to be coordinated to meet the demand of a load. This paper proposes models for the two systems with associated controls, which take into acc

26、ount a PEM fuel cell stack with air supply and thermal systems, and a PWM DC/DC converter. The integrated simulation facilitates optimization of the power control strategy, and analyses of interrelated effects between the electric load and the temperature of cell components. In addition, the results

27、 show that the proposed power control can coordinate the two sources with improved dynamics and efficiency at a given dynamic load.Article OutlineNomenclature1. Introduction2. Modeling of a fuel cell stack, air supply and thermal circuit 2.1. PEM fuel cell stack . Model improvement for the stack. Pa

28、rameters and simulation2.2. Air supply system2.3. Thermal system2.4. Controls for the air and coolant flow rate3. DC/DC converter4. Power control of the PEM fuel cell system with the DC/DC converter5. Integration and simulation6. ConclusionAcknowledgementsReferencesInterleaved soft-switched active-c

29、lamped LL type current-fed half-bridge DCDC converter for fuel cell applications International Journal of Hydrogen EnergyIn this paper, an interleaved soft-switched active-clamped LL type current-fed half-bridge isolated dcdc converter has been proposed. The LL type active-clamped current-fed c

30、onverter is able to maintain zero-voltage switching (ZVS) of all switches for the complete operating range of wide fuel cell stack voltage variation at full load down to light load conditions. Active-clamped circuit absorbs the turn-off voltage spike across the switches. Half-bridge topology maintai

31、ns higher efficiency due to lower conduction losses. Soft-switching permits higher switching frequency operation, reducing the size, weight and cost of the magnetic components. Interleaving of the two isolated converters is done using parallel input series output approach and phase-shifted modulatio

32、n is adopted. It reduces the input current ripple at the fuel cell input, which is required in a fuel cell system and also reduces the output voltage ripples. In addition, the size of the magnetic/passive components, current rating of the switches and voltage ratings of the rectifier diodes are redu

33、ced.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Operation and steady-state analysis3. Design, performance and simulation results4. Conclusion and summaryAppendix. Converter designReferencesDevelopment and commissioning results of the KSTAR discharge control system The Korea Superconducting Tokamak Advance

34、d Research (KSTAR) control system has been developed as a network-based distributed control system composed of several sub-systems. There are many local control systems for various sub-systems, and the central control system includes discharge control, machine control, and safety interlocks which ai

35、m for integrated control of the entire system. We have chosen the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) as the middleware of the KSTAR control system because EPICS provides a software framework to integrate heterogeneous systems. The discharge control system, which is implemente

36、d in a part of the supervisory control system, performs the discharge sequence execution. The plasma control system, which has been implemented with general atomics and modified for KSTAR, is involved in the discharge control. The plasma control system performs real-time plasma control algorithms an

37、d provides the results of the control algorithms to the magnet power supplies. We are using a reflective memory-based real-time network for communication between the plasma control system and the magnet power supplies, thus we developed a fully digital control for the magnet power supplies. We have

38、implemented the discharge control system with state notation language (SNL) in EPICS and also developed interface software among the sub-systems. We will present the details of the development of the KSTAR discharge control system and commissioning results.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Discharge

39、control system3. Implementations4. The results of commissioning and operationAcknowledgementsReferencesBeam-commissioning study of high-intensity accelerators using virtual accelerator model  In order to control large-scale accelerators efficiently, a control system with a virtual accelera

40、tor model was constructed. The virtual accelerator (VA) is an on-line beam simulator provided with a beam monitor scheme. The VA is based upon the Experimental Physics and Industrial Control System (EPICS) and is configured under the EPICS input/output controller (IOC) in parallel with a real accele

41、rator (RA). Thus, the machine operator can access the parameters of the RA through the channel access client and then feed them to the VA, and vice versa. Such a control scheme facilitates developments of the commissioning tools, feasibility study of the proposed accelerator parameters and examinati

42、on of the measured accelerator data. This paper describes the beam commissioning results and activities by using the VA at the J-PARC 3-GeV rapid-cycling synchrotron (RCS).Article Outline1. Introduction2. EPICS control system and the VA 2.1. EPICS control system2.2. Construction of VA system3. Beam

43、commissioning by the VA 3.1. Betatron tune3.2. Chromaticity3.3. Commissioning tool for injection line3.4. BPM polarity3.5. Optics correction4. Discussion5. SummaryAcknowledgementsThe commissioning and the first operational experiences of the CMS RPC detector control system at LHC The CMS Resist

44、ive Plate Chambers (RPC) system consists of 912 double-gap chambers. The challenging constrains on the design and operation of this system imposed the development of a complex Detector Control System to assure the operational stability and reliability of a so large and complex detector and trigger s

45、ystem . The final layout and functionality of the CMS RPC DCS as well as the operational experience during the detector's commissioning and first phase of LHC operation are presented here.Article Outline1. Introduction2. The RCS low-level layers: description and performances 2.1. The RPC power s

46、upply system2.2. RPC environmental and front-end electronics monitoring2.3. Gas and external systems monitoring3. The RCS software layers 3.1. RCS supervisor architecture3.2. The RPC supervisor GUI4. Commissioning with cosmic rays and pp collisions5. ConclusionsSoftware architecture awareness in lon

47、g-term software product evolution  Systems and SoftwareSoftware architecture has been established in software engineering for almost 40 years. When developing and evolving software products, architecture is expected to be even more relevant compared to contract development. However, the re

48、search results seem not to have influenced the development practice around software products very much. The architecture often only exists implicitly in discussions that accompany the development. Nonetheless many of the software products have been used for over 10, or even 20 years. How do developm

49、ent teams manage to accommodate changing needs and at the same time maintain the quality of the product? In order to answer this question, grounded theory study based on 15 semi-structured interviews was conducted in order to find out about the wide spectrum of architecture practices in software pro

50、duct developing organisations. Our results indicate that a chief architect or central developer acts as a walking architecture devising changes and discussing local designs while at the same time updating his own knowledge about problematic aspects that need to be addressed. Architecture documentati

51、on and representations might not be used, especially if they replace the feedback from on-going developments into the architecturing practices. Referring to results from Computer Supported Cooperative Work, we discuss how explicating the existing architecture needs to be complemented by social proto

52、cols to support the communication and knowledge sharing processes of the walking architecture.Article Outline1. Introduction2. Architecture, knowledge, and awareness 2.1. Software architecture2.2. The role of the software architect2.3. Software product evolution and architecture2.4. Knowledge manage

53、ment2.5. Awareness in software engineering3. Research methodology 3.1. Grounded theory3.2. Interviews3.3. Analytic process3.4. Confidence4. The companies and their architectural practice 4.1. Interviewees and organisation profiles4.2. The presence of software architecture5. Analysis of interviews 5.

54、1. Architecture: who needs it and at what level?5.2. Documentation . Code base as actual documentation. The absence of a document5.3. Architecture knowledge acquisition: how newcomers learn the architecture . Discussion with a chief architect. Intermixed with programming. Learning by doing5.4. The r

55、ole of a chief architect . Controlling and communicating architecture within a development team. Updating the walking architecture. Interfacing to outward5.5. Communication about changes . Meeting. Nightly builds and testing. Concurrent versions system (CVS) and subversion repository. Rich IDE. Code

56、 review. Wiki5.6. Evolution and changes5.7. The problems of the practitioners6. Discussion 6.1. Architecture awareness is achieved through walking architecture practices6.2. Good reasons for bad documentation6.3. How to promote architecture awareness7. ConclusionsAcknowledgementsReferencesTime delay

57、 control for fuel cells with bidirectional DC/DC converter and battery  International Journal of Hydrogen Energy 氢能源的电池组及其电子配件 交流直流转化与驱动Transient behavior is a key property in the vehicular application of proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. A better control technology is constructed

58、 to increase the transient performance of PEM fuel cells. A steady-state isothermal analytical fuel cell model is constructed to analyze mass transfer and water transport in the membrane. To prevent the starvation of air in the PEM fuel cell, time delay control is used to regulate the optimum stoichiometric amount of oxygen, although dynamic fluctuations exist in the PEM fuel cell power. A bidirectional DC/DC converter connects the battery to the DC link to manage the power distribution between the fuel cell and the battery. Dynamic e