wouldrather和preferto的用法总结复习进程

1、精品文档would rather 的用法（美国英语中多用 had rather ）一、概述。1 .含义。宁愿/可，更/最好，还是为好”。2 .用法。常+V原，常省略为d rather,表优先选择的一种方式。无人称，数，词性，时态变化，所有的人称Tt况均用would rather.3 .否定形式。 would rather not do sth。 例：Mr Li would rather not listen to rock music4 .would /had在此决无 过去”之意，它是一个情态助动词。If yo u' d rather be alone, we' ll all

2、leOVeere愿独自呆着，那我们都离开这儿。He' d rather work in the countryside.她宁可到农村去工作。二、扩展。1 .在两者中取舍,表宁愿而不愿/与其宁可”时，则可用 wouldrather than 或 would rather than 句型.I would rather watch TV at home than go to the cinema.The children would walk there rather than take a bus.2 .也可以颠倒为：rather than would例： Rather than work

3、 in such bad condition, he would give up3 .Would（rather） 和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选同一动词，那么than 后的动 词可以省略。例：I would rather have noodles than rice.4 .要注意 平行结构”，即在than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个n、两个不定式、两个介短等。例：I would rather go to work by bike than by bus.I would rather talk with his mother than with his father .5 .

4、在疑问句式中，短语中的 would 要放在主语之前。例：Would you rather stay here or go home?Which would you rather have, apples or bananas?三、would rather+ 从句，常用的虚拟语气句型，谓语一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为 宁愿，还是 好些”个人宁愿另一个人做某事引导从句的that常省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语则用过去完成时。例：John wants to see me today. I would rather he came to tomorrow than today.句中came不是

5、表示过去而是表示将来.注意：如果谈到过去的动作，也就是表示过去已经发生的事情在选择上不恰当。此时，主句一般为I had rather , 其（that ）从句则用过去完成时。Would rather you had not done that.如果只涉及主语本人而不涉及另一个人，则 would rather之后不接that从句而接have done 结构。例:I would rather have gone to the theatre than stayed home night.四、 would rather/sooner 和 prefer/would prefer的区另U。would r

6、ather 和would sooner 之间一般没有区别，但经常接触到的是would rather 。例:Tom would rather/sooner read than talk./ Tom prefers reading to talking.注意:would rather后跟不带 to 的不定式+than+ 不带 to 的不定式，而prefer 后跟动名tJ+to+ 动名词。有时 prefer 后面也可跟名词，而在 would rather 之后要求只带动词原形。例 : He prefers wine to beer = He would rather drink wine than

7、beer 某些prefer+ 名词的情况不能用 would rather 完全确切地表达出来：例 :He prefers dogs to cats./He would rather have dogs than cats. (很明显，这两句的意思并不完全相同。 ) would rather+ 不带 to 的不定式有时可代替 would prefer+带 to 的不定式 。例 : I d rather fly than go by sea =I d prefer to fly 我宁愿乘飞机也不愿乘船。这两个结构后面带名词时情况也一样：例 : Would you like some gin ？ I

8、 d prefer a coffe e =I d rather have coffee thangin would rather/sooner 和 would prefer 后面都可跟完成式，但后者带 to 。例 : We went by sea but I d rather have gone by air=I d prefer to have gone by air( 我愿意乘飞机去，可我的愿望未能实现)这和 would like+ 不定式的完成式有点相似,would like+ 带 to 的不定式的完成式也表示未能实现的愿望。rather than 用法小结rather than 是一个

9、并列连词，用法比较复杂，现归纳如下：1. rather than 与would连用时，构成"would ratherthan句式，意思是 宁愿 而不愿”，表示主观愿望，即在两者之中选择其一。例如：She'd rather die than lose the children. 她宁愿死也不愿失去孩子们。2. rather than不与would 连用时，表示客观事实，意为 是而不是；与其不如”。它连接的并列成分可以是名词、代词、形容词、介词(短语)、动名词、分句、不定式、动词等。现分述如下：(1) 连接两个名词或代词He is an explorer rather than

10、a sailor . 与其说他是一个海员，不如说他是一个探险者。You rather than I are going to go camping. 是你而不是我要去要野营。注意： rather than 连接两个名 词或代词作主语时， 谓语动词应与 rather than 前面的名词或代词在人称和数上保持一致。(2) 连接两个形容词The sweater she bought was beautiful rather than cheap. 与其说她买的这件羊毛衫便宜不 如说它漂亮。(3) 连接两个介词 (短语 )或动名词We will have the meeting in the cla

11、ssroom rather than in the great hall.我们是在教室里开会，不是在大厅里。She enjoys singing rather than dancing. 她喜欢唱歌，而不喜欢跳舞。(4) 连接两个分句We should help him rather than he should help us. 是我们应该帮助他而不是他应该帮助我 们。(5) 连接两个不定式I decided to write rather than (to) telephone. 我决定写信而不打电话。注意： rather than 后接不定式时，不定式可以带to ，也可以不带to, 如上

12、句。但ratherthan 位于句首时， 则只能接不带to 的不定式 。 如： Rather than allow the vegetables to gobad, he sold them at half price. 他唯恐蔬菜烂掉，把它们以半价卖掉了。(6) 连接两个动词He ran rather than walked. 他是跑来的，而不是走来的。注意：这里rather than 后用了 walked ，而没有用 walk ，表示客观事实，而不是主观愿望。如果换成 walk ,则作 宁愿而不愿 ”解。More than 的用法A. "More than+名词”表示"

13、不仅仅是"Modern science is more than a large amount of information.Jason is more than a lecturer; he is a writer , too.We need more than material wealth to build our country. 建设我们国家，不仅仅需要物质财富 .B. "More than+数词”含 以上"或 不止”之意，如：I have known David for more than 20 years.Let's carry out th

14、e test with more than the sample copy.More than one person has made this suggestion. 不止一人提过这个建议.C. "More than+形容词”等于 很”或 非常”的意思，如：In doing scientific experiments, one must be more than careful with the instruments.I assure you I am more than glad to help you.D. more than + （that） 从句， 其基本意义是 “超过

15、 （ =over ） ” ， 但可译成 “简直不 ”“远非 ”. 难以，完全不能（其后通常连用情态动词 can ）- -That is more than I can understand . 那非我所能懂的 .- -That is more than I can tell. 那事我实在不明白。- -The heat there was more than he could stand. 那儿的炎热程度是他所不能忍受的此外， “ more than ” 也在一些惯用语中出现，如：- -More often than not （经常） ， people tend to pay attention

16、 to what they can take rather than what they can give.- -All of us are more than a little concerned about （非常关心） the current economic problemsmore.than的用法1 .比多，比更He has more books than me. 他的书比我多。He is more careful than the others. 他比其他人更仔细。2 .与其不如He is more lucky than clever . 与其说他聪明，不如说他幸运。He is m

17、ore （ a） scholar than（a） teacher. 与其说他是位教师，不如说他是位学者。注：该句型主要用于同一个人或物在两个不同性质或特征等方面的比较，其中的比较级必须用加 more 的形式，不能用加词尾-er 的形式。no more than 与 not more than1. no more than 的意思是“仅仅” “只有” “最多不超过” ，强调少。如：- -This test takes no more than thirty minutes. 这个测验只要30 分钟。- -The pub was no more than half full. 该酒吧的上座率最多不

18、超过五成。- For thirty years ， he had done no more than he （ had ） needed to. 30 年来，他只干 了他需要干的工作。2. not more than 为 more than （多于）的否定式，其意为“不多于” “不超过” 。Not more than 10 guests came to her birthday party. 来参加她的生日宴会的客人不超过十 人。比较： She has no more than three hats. 她只有 3 顶帽子。 （太少了）She has not more than three ha

19、ts. 她至多有 3 顶帽子。 （也许不到 3 顶帽子）I have no more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱最多不过5 元。 （言其少）I have not more than five yuan in my pocket. 我口袋里的钱不多于5 元。 （也许不到 5 元）no more.than与 not more.than1. no morethan表示对两者都否定，意为"同一样不"(=neithernor)。如：- -He is no more a writer than a painter . 他既不是画家， 也不是作

20、家。(=He is neither apainter nor a writer .)- -He' s no more able to read Spanish than I am.他和我都读不懂西班牙语。(=Neither henor I am able to read Spanish. )- -I know no more Spanish than I know Greek.我对西班牙语和希腊语同样都不懂。(=Iknow neither Spanish nor Greek. )2. not morethan指两者都具有某种特征，但是程度不同，意为"不如""

21、;不及"(=not50.1. as)。如：(less - than )-She is not more clever than he is.她不如他聪明。(=She is not so clever as he is. )-This book is not more difficult than that one. 这本书不及那本书难。 ( This book is not so difficult as that one. )no more.than与 no less.than1. no more.than 意为 与一样不"，用于否定两者。如：She s no more

22、a great singer than I am. 她不是优秀歌手，我也不是。A whale is no more a fish than a horse is. 马不是鱼，鲸也不是鱼。He is no more an artist than you are a mathematician. 就像你不是数学家一样，他也不是艺术家。2. no less.than 意为 和一样“，用于肯定两者。如：Your brother is no less wise than you. 你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is.

23、 海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。Italian is no less a mother tongue for him than English. 如同英语一样，意大利语也是他的母语。nothing more than /nothing less thannothing less than 完全是，和. 一模一样- -It is nothing less than stealing to take a thing away without the permission of its owner- -They expect nothing less than a revolution. 他们盼望的正

24、是革命。there's nothing I like less than. 。这种情况是否定意思- -There's nothing I like less than lying. 我最不喜欢的莫过于说谎了。- -There's nothing I like less than working overtime. 我最讨厌加班。less than 的用法1 . （指数量）不到，不足It s less than half an hour s drive from here. 开车到那里不到半个钟头。In less than an hour he finished the

25、work. 没要上一个小时，他就完成了工作。2 .比（小）少She eats less than she should. 她吃得比她应该吃的少。Half the group felt they spent less than average. 半数人觉得他们的花费低于平均水平。3 . 不太，一点也不The boys were less than happy about having a party. 开晚会男孩子们并不很高兴。We were less than delighted to have company that day. 那天有客人我们并不太高兴。He was less than h

26、elpful when we arrived. 我们到达时他一点也不帮忙。4 不像（如）He is less honest than his brother . 他不如他哥哥诚实。5 与其不如I regard him less as my teacher than as my friend. 与其说我把他当作老师，不如说我 是把他当作朋友。注：表示此义时可与 more.than 结构替换（但要注意词序的变化） 。如：He is less a teacher than an expert. He is more an expert than a teacher . 与其说他是老 师，不如说他是专

27、家。no less than 与 not less than1. no less than的意思是"多达""有之多”，强调多，与 no more than意思相反。He made no less than £ 500.他赚了多达 500 英镑的钱。He paid no less than $10， 000 for it. 他为此付了一万多美元。No less than 50 people offered to buy it. 至少有 50 个人提出要买它。No less than 50 passengers got killed in the train

28、 accident yesterday.死于昨天火车车祸的旅客有 50 人之多。My father ， no less than I ， is a baseball fan. 我的父亲不亚于我，也是个棒球迷。2. not less than 为 less than （少于）的否定式，其意为“不少于” “不下于” “至少” 。He has not less than 10， 000 dollars. 他至少有一万元。Not less than 500 people attended the meeting. 参加会议的至少500 人。比较：He has no less than seven da

29、ughters. 他有 7 个女儿之多。He has not less than seven daughters. 他至少有 7 个女儿。no more.than与 no less.than者。如： 她不是优秀歌手，我也不是。马不是鱼，鲸也不是鱼。1. no morethan意为“与样不“She s no more a great singer than I am.A whale is no more a fish than a horse is.He is no more an artist than you are a mathematician. 就像你不是数学家一样，他也不 是艺术家。

30、2. no lessthan意为"和一样"，用于肯定两者。如：Your brother is no less wise than you. 你的兄弟跟你一样聪明。A dolphin is no less a clever animal than a dog is. 海豚与狗同样都是聪明的动物。Italian is no less a mother tongue for him than English. 如同英语一样，意大利语也是他 的母语。陷阱题分析1. How beautifully she sings ！ I have never heardvoice.A. a be

31、tter B. a bestC. the better D. the best【陷阱】容易误选D ，认为最高级前要用定冠词。【分析】其实此题最佳答案为A。该句可视为 I have never heard a better voice than hervoice 之省略，全句句意为“她唱得多好啊！我从未听过她这么好的声音” 。请再看以下类 似的实例：He is fine ， never better . 他很好，比以往任何时候都好。This bird is really lovely. I ve never seen a finer one. 这只鸟真可爱，我从未见过这样 好看的鸟。比较以下试题

32、，情形也大致相同：（ 1 ） “I ve never found a better job. ” “ .”A. I don t think so B. Too badC. Congratulations D. Don t worry答案选C。 I ve never found a better job 可视为 I ve never found a better job thanthis job 之省略，句意为“我从来没有找到比这份工作更好的工作” ，即“这是我所找到的 最好的工作” 。（ 2） “What do you think of the service here ？”“Oh， . We

33、 couldn t have found abetter place. ”A. too bad B. sorryC. wonderful D. impossible答案选C。 We couldn t have found a better place 可视为 We couldn t have founda better place than this place ，其意为“我们不可能找到一个比这儿更好的地方” ，即“这 是我们所能找到的最好的地方” 。（ 3） Boris has brains. In fact ， I doubt whether anyone in the class has

34、IQ.A. a highB. a higher C. the higher D. the highest答案选Bo句意为“我怀疑班上有没有哪个人比他智商更高”，即“我认为他可能是班上智商最高的” 。（ 4 ） How cold it is ！We ve never hadthis winter .A. the colder day B. a cold dayC. the coldest dayD. a colder day答案选Do句意为“今年冬天我们还从未遇上过这样冷的日子” 。2. Professor White has written some short stories ， but h

35、e isknown for his plays.A. the best B. moreC. better D. the most【陷阱】容易误选 D 。【分析】此题首先不宜选B或D,因为 well known的比较级和最高级通常是betterknown 和 best known ，有时也可以是more well known 和 most well known ， 但通常不能是 more known 和 most known 。至于是选 A 还是 C， 这就要看语境。由于句中涉及 的只有 stories 和 plays 两个对象，故应选比较级。3. You arecareful than you

36、r brother . You two can t do the work that needs care and skill.A. not more B. no moreC. not lessD. no less【陷阱】容易误选A。【分析】要做对此题，首先要正确理解以下结构的含义：not morethan =不如no morethan =和一样不（否定两者）not lessthan =不如不（即指不如less后形容词的反面）no lessthan =和一样（肯定两者）比较以下各句的意思：You are more careful than he is. 你比他仔细。You are not mo

37、re careful than he is. 你不如他仔细。You are no more careful than he is. 你和他一样不仔细。You are less careful than he is. 你不如他仔细（你比他粗心） 。You are not less careful than he is. 你比他仔细（你不如他粗心） 。You are no less careful than he is. 你和他一样仔细。通过以上分析，再结合句子语境，可知此题最佳答案为 B。4. “Oh ， how fat he is ！ ” “ But I think he isthan fat

38、. ”A. shortB. shorter C. more shortD. shortest【陷阱】容易误选Bo认为short为单音节形容词，故用-er构成比较级。【分析】其实正确答案应是Co要弄清此问题，得先从比较句型的两种不同类型说起。1 ） 异类同质比较。即指两个不同的人或事物（异类）在同一方面（同质）进行比较。My room is smaller than yours. 我的房间比你的小。Our country is more powerful than theirs. 我们的国家比他们的国家更强大。（ 2 ） 同类异质比较。即指同一个人或事物（同类）在两个不同的方面（异质）进行比较，

39、这类句子常译为“（更多的）是，而不是”“与其不如”等 。如：He was more lucky than clever . 他是靠运气而不是靠聪明。精品文档She was more surprised than angry.This is more a war movie than a western.按英语习惯，在进行同类异质比较时，只能用是单音节词也是如此。十一 模拟训练1. I don t like it at all. It canA. betterB. worse C. best D. worst2. I m at sums than Jean ，A. moreB. lessC. w

40、orseD. cleverer她感到更多的是惊讶而不是生气。这更应当说是一部战争片，而不是西部片。more 构成比较级，不能用 -er 形式，即使 t be .but better at history.3. We couldn t have picked day for the picnic it rained nonstop.A. a worse B. a worstC. the worseD. the worst4. I know this is not quite the right word ， but I can t be bothered to think of A. a bet

41、ter B. a best C. the better D. the good5. With the development of the Internet ， communication is done by regular mail.A. lessB. moreC. littleD. few6. If you don t like the red coat ， take the blue one. OK， but do you have size in blue ？ This one s a bit tight for me.A. a bigB. a bigger C. the big D

42、. the bigger7. If there were no examinations ， we should have at school.A. the happiest time B. a more happier timeC. much happiest timeD. a much happier time8. Are you satisfied with what he did ？ No ， it couldn t have been .A. worseB. betterC. so bad D. the worse9. I think whoever makes contributi

43、ons to the company than others should getincome.A. greater ； the higherB. more greater ； a higherC. greater ； the highest D. more greater ； the higher10. The Chinese Education Department suggests teachers should receive education to catch up with thedevelopment.A. farther ； lateB. farther ； later C.

44、 further ； lately D. further ； latest11. He knows little of mathematics ， of chemistry.A. as well asB. no less thanC. still lessD. no more than12. the temperature ， water turns into steam.A. The high ， the fastB. Higher ， fasterC. The more higher ， the fasterD. The higher ， the faster13. The compute

45、rs in the other shop will be ， but as those in thisshop.A. cheaper ； not as betterB. more cheaper ； not as betterC. cheaper ； not as goodD. more cheap ； not as good14. I didn t do well in this English examination. How about you ？ I did you.A. not better than B. no worse thanC. as well asD. no better

46、 than15. Mary kept weighing herself to see how much she was getting.A. heavier B. heavyC. the heavier D. the heaviest16. The weather is not good enough for an outing， is it ？ Not in the least. We have not have at this time of the year.A. a worse dayB. a nicer dayC. such a bad day D. so fine a day17.

47、 Does Jim do his new job well ？ his old job. How stupid ！ I fear there s no hope for him.A. No better thanB. Not better thanC. No so well as D. No as well as18. This bird is really lovely ， and I ve never seen one.A. a finer B. a finestC. the finer D. the finest19. If you go to the post office ， wou

48、ld you please get me a stamp ？ I am willing to.A. no more than B. not more than C. more thanD. no less than20. Minister ， are you satisfied with the performance of the Chinese athletes in Athens Olympics ？ Yes， it couldn t have been .A. worse B. betterC. so badD. the worse【答案与解析】1. B 。 it can t be w

49、orse 在此相当于It s the worst thing I ever knew 。2. C 。句意为“我的算术比琼差，但我的历史比她强”。注意句中的转折连词 but 及其后的 better 。3. A 。 We couldn t have picked a worst day 与 It is the worst day we ve picked 同 义。4. A。 a better 为 a better one 之省略。注意， a better one （一个更好的）是与前文 “我知道这不是一个很适合的词”相呼应的。5. A。若选B或C均不合事实；若选D,不合语法，因为 few后要接可数

50、名词的复数形式。6. Bo从句意看，空格处应填比较级bigger,因此排除A和C。选项B与D的区别是，一个用了不定冠词，一个用了定冠词，两者的区别是，不定冠词表泛指，定冠词表特指。7. D 。 由于是将有考试与没有考试作比较， 所以应用比较级， 不用最高级， 由此排除 A 和 C。 选项 B 的错误在于用了 more happier 这样的双重比较级 （即 more 后不能再加比较级） 。8. A 。由关键词No 可知，此处的意思是“不可能比这更差的（ worse ）了” 。9. C。 more 不可修饰比较级，排除B 和 D。 greater.than others 表示的是最高级意义，故后

51、面用最高级。10. D 。只有表示实际距离的远，才可用 farther （此时也可用 further ） ，否则就用 further 。 further education 进修；late 迟的；later 后来；lately = recently 近来；latest 最新的。11. C 。 still even much less 更不用说，更何况。12. D。“the +比较级，the +比较级”意为“越就越”。13. C。两者比较用比较级，表示"比"；同级比较用as.as或not as/soas。句意为“那家商店的电脑将比这家商店的便宜，但不如这家商店的好。 ”14.

52、 D。no better than = as badly as ,意为"一样不好"。15. A 。 此题考查比较级的用法。 Mary 是想知道她比以往称起来重了多少， 故用比较级。"how much +比较级"意为"比以前（重、高、远）多少” 。16. A。本题关键是对not in the least的理解，它的意思是“一点也不好”，故可知道天气很糟糕。 not 与比较级连用，事实上相当于一个最高级的用法。后句的意思是：一年之 中再也碰不到比这更糟糕的天气了。17. A 。根据 How stupid ！ I fear there s no ho

53、pe for him 可知说话人对 Jim 新工作 表现的评价是负面的，故选A。no better than 表示"与一样的不好，与一样的差”之意。句意是：他做新工作与以前工作一样差。他太笨了，我担心他没什么希望了。18. A 。 I ve never seen a finer one的实际意思是This is the finest one I ve ever seen 。19. C 。因为 more than 与形容词连用，意为“非常” 。20. B 。从 Yes 可知，说话者对中国运动员的表现是持肯定态度的。 couldn t.better 指 好得不能再好，就是最好的意思。注意

54、：这种 can 的否定式与比较级连用在听力里面也时 常出现。prefer 和 would rather 的用法区别1、 prefer to do sth= would rather do sth更喜欢做某事，宁愿做某事。例如 : I d like to stay at home , but Max prefers toplay(play) football on Sundays.= I d like to stay at home， but Max would ratherplay(play) football on Sundays.注意点： 1. prefer to do sth 不仅有人称

55、变换,第三人称形式是prefers to do sth , 而且还有时态变化 , 过去时态为 preferred to do sth 。2. would rather 既无人称变化,也无时态变化。2、 prefer to do sth rather than do sth=prefer doing sth to(doing) sth =wouldrather do sth than do sth 即 prefer A to B, “比起 B 来更喜欢A” ，其中to 是介词。例如 :All students prefer to take the bus rather than walk.= A

56、ll students prefer taking the bus to walking.=All students would rather take the bus than walk.【考点回放】1. Not all the tourists from JapanWestern food to Chinese food.A. likeB. prefer C. enjoyD. love解析：这道题的考点是prefer A to B 的结构，其中 A 和 B 可以是名词、代词，或是动名词，所以答案是B。2. I prefer skiing to . The snow makes me excited.A. cycles B. cycling C. cycled解析：这道题的考点也是prefer A toB , 其中 A 是动名词， to 是介词 , 所以答案是B。3. Some of my classmates cartoons documentaries.A. prefer . to B. would rather . than C. like . better D. like . less解析 : 因为 B 选项 w