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1、B2U11. a cultural relic 文物2. survive on靠存活下来survive from 从存活下来survive本身已表示“幸存;幸免于“,因而不要再加介词in。当survive意为“比多活多长时间”时,用“ A survives B by + 时间”3. be amazed at/ by对感到惊奇的be amazed to do做感至U惊讶的4. select 强调“在广泛的范围内精选、淘汰” ,侧重“以客观为标准进行选择” 。Choose 通常指在所提供的对象中,经过考虑,凭个人的判断力进行选择5. design ( n )设计;图案;构思( vt )设计;计划;

2、构思design sth. for指定某物作某用途be designed for被打算用来做 be designed to do被打算做 by design = on purpose 故意地 by accident = by chance 偶然地6. fancy oneself (as sth.)自命不凡;自负 fancy + n. + (to be ) / as + n. 认为 是fancy (sb s ) doing 想像(某人)做某事fancy 用做动词,有时用于祈使句,表示惊奇、不相信、震惊等,后接名词或代词作宾语。Fancy meeting you here! 真没想到会在这儿遇到你

3、7. belong 为不及物动词,接宾语时需搭配介词 to; belong to 无被动语态,不能用于进行时 态中。8. in return 作为回报;作为报答in turn 依次,轮流;反过来;进而9. light 作 v. 时过去式和过去分词有两种形式,要注意区别:light-lit-lit; light-lighted-lighted 其中作定语时只能用 lighted 的形式,如:一支点着了的蜡烛要说a lighted candle 而不要说 a lit candle11. wonder (n) 奇迹;神奇的人或事物;惊讶 (v)想知道It's no wonder (that)

4、 / No wonder (that) 难怪 ;怪不得 10. at war (with )(与一)处于交战状态介词at可表示状态或动作,意为“处于 ;从事”At peace 处于和平状态; at breakfast 在吃早餐 at rest 在休息 at table 在吃饭 at work 在工作; at school 在上学On 也可表示“在 中",常见搭配有:on duty / sale / fire / strike/ business / showUnder 表示 “在 中", 常见搭配有:under way / control / repair/ constru

5、ction11. furniture 为不可数名词12. in doubt 不肯定的;不确定的 no doubt 无疑的;很可能without doubt 无疑的;确定的There is no doubt that -clause / about 毫无疑问Doubt 在肯定句中后跟whether 或 if 引导的从句,但在疑问或否定句中后跟that 引导的从句13. worth/ worthy / worthwhilebe (well ) worth doing / sth. / some moneybe worthy to be done / of being done / of sth.i

6、t is worthwhile to do / doing sth.15. take apart 拆开, 拆卸 take off 脱掉; 拿走; 起飞 take over 接管; 接收 take in 拿 进来;吸收,收容,理解,欺骗 take up 占据;开始从事take a chance 碰运气;冒险 take advantage of趁机;利用;欺骗(或愚弄)某人 takeby surprise 使吃惊;出 其不意;突袭take effect 见效,起作用 take the place of 代替 take trouble (to do sth.)费心做某事; take action 采

7、取行动take turns 轮流 take measures 采取措施;设法take along 携带去 take away 拿走, 带走, 剥夺走 take back 取回, 归还 take down 取 下来,写下来 take on 雇用,承担,呈现 take it easy放松些,别紧张 take .Into consideration 考虑,体谅, 斟酌 take into account 考虑至L 顾及至U take pride in 为一 感到自豪 take one s time 别急,慢慢来take it for granted 认为理所当然16. prove vt. 证明 +n

8、. +(to be) + adj. / +从句 prove his courage / prove himself wise and braveVi 证明是;事实说明 + n. / (to be) + adj. (不用被动) 例: As time went by, Einstein s theory proved to be correct.His effort proved a failure17. remain v. 仍然;保持;剩下Remain + adj. 仍然是 sth. remains to be done有待去做 The remaining money = the money l

9、eft 剩余的钱例 1: The pilot asked all the passengers on board to remain as the plane was making alanding.A. seat B. seating C. seated C. to be seating 例 2: Nothing after the terrible fire caused by the careless doorkeeper.A. left B. continued C. kept D. remained18. consider sb. To be / do认为某人是/做.Consider

10、 doing考虑做某事Consider sb. As + n.把看作.Takeinto consideration 把考虑在内 considering 鉴于, 考虑至L 顾及 例: Charlie Babbage is generally considered the first computer.A. to invent B. inventing C. to have invented D. having invented 19. think highly/ well of 看重;高度评价 被动: be well thought of 20. the entrance to the mine

11、 矿藏的入口the key to the door 门的钥匙the answer to thequestion 问题的答案B2U21. stand for 代表,象征,表示2. every four years= every fourth year 每四年/每隔三every two days =every second day =every other day3. compete against / with 与某人比赛;竞争 compete for 为争取/赢得而比赛competein参加比赛;在 方面竞争4. volunteer n.志愿者 Adj.志愿的 v.自愿 to do sth自愿

12、做某事5. admit +n./ doing ( having done ) / that-clause 承认某事 / (已经)做了某事 admit sb./ sth. to be / as 承认某人/某物是be admitted to (介词)被录取;被吸收进 It is admitted that.人们公认 辨析 allow / permit / admitAllow 强调“默许” allow doing / sb. To doPermit 可表“明文规定允许或不允许”。 Permit sb. Doing / permit sb. To do sth.Admit表承认,当表示允许时admi

13、t sb. To,这里to是介词6. a special village is built for them to live inlive in a special village 这里不能把in 丢掉7. Its a great responsibility but also a great honour to be chosen.Honour 是抽象名词, 不可数 但当它表示一件光荣的事或一个光荣的人时变为可数名词类似于 honour 的这类抽象名词, 在指具体的人或物时可转化为可数名词的还有surprise,failure, success, danger, must, pleasure

14、 等8. the stadiums will be built to the east of London.East, south, west, north 等方位词,既可以作名词,也可以做副词 当作名词时前面要加冠词,做状语前要加介词,如上句当作副词时直接作状语,不加冠词也不需要介词,如上句我们也可说 be built east of London9. charge 收费;控诉;充电 charge sb. For sth. 收费,要价charge sb. With sth. 指控,起诉charge sb. Withmurder 控告某人谋杀free of charge 免费in charge

15、 主管;看管 in the charge of 在的掌管之下这里不加冠词相当于主动语态,加了冠词相当于被动语态,类似的词组还有In possession 拥有 in the possession of 为一 所有 in control of 控帝U in the control of 在控制下10. replace=take the place of =be in place of 代替 take place 发生11. bargain vi. 讨价还价;讲条件n. 便宜货bargain with sb. About / over / for sth. (和某人就某事)讨价还价make a b

16、argain with sb. 和某人达成协议a good / bad bargain买得(不)合算12. deserve vi & vt. 应受(报答或惩罚) ;值得deserve to do 应该 deserve doing=deserve to be done 提示: deserve 后接 doing, 主动式表被动意义,等于接动词不定式的 被动语态。有相同用法的动词还有: need, want, require 等13. as well 也,又,还,相当于too 和 also 用于肯定句中,用于句尾as well as 连接两个相同的成分, 连接主语时, 谓语动词和 as we

17、ll as 前的主语保持一致, 类似的次或短语有: with, along with, together with, but, besides, rather than 等 may / might as well do表委婉的建议,表“我们不妨,我们还是 吧,最好,满可以,倒不如may well do 完全能,很可能,相当于to be very likely to14. work out 解决, 计算出; 设计, 安排; 进行锻炼, 训练 work at 从事, 致力于, 钻研 work on继续工作,继续 work for努力促成,为 工作15. No other country could

18、 join in, nor could slaves or women!别的国家不能参加,奴隶和妇女也不能参加!表示也不nor/ neither +系动词/助动词/情态动词+另一个主语表示也 so +系动词/助动词/情态动词+另一个主语So it is (was) with + 另一个主语,既能表示肯定意义,又能表否定意义,其主要用于以下 情况: 1)上下文有两个分句; 2)上下文有两个(或两个以上)不同谓语; 3 )上下文 既有肯定也有否定So+主语+系动词/助动词/情态动词 表示说话者赞同前句所提到的情况,其中的so表“不错;确实如此”主语 +do+so 表示某人这样做例: “ Breat

19、he deeply ” says the doctor. Tom does so.例: If you don t go to Tom s party, .A. I don t go eitherB. so will IC. neither will I D. nor do IIf 引导条件状语从句用一般现在时表将来,主句要用将来时16. win glory for oneself 为自己争光17. marry 结婚,嫁,娶 marry sb. To 把嫁给;get married to 表动作;be married to 表状态18. promise to do sth. 承诺做某事promi

20、se sb. To do sth. 向某人保证去做某事keep/ holdone s promise 遵守承诺make give a promise 许诺 promising 有前途的,有希望的19. one after another 陆续地;一个接一个地20. how often 对“频率”进行提问 once a weekhow soon 对“多快”进行提问 in two weeks.how long 对“多久”进行提问 for four years21. pick up 拾起,捡起; (用车)接,搭载, (偶然)得到,学会,收听pick out 挑出,选好,辨别出;认出;看清楚22. b

21、e active in积极参加;在 方面很积极23. make sure 确定;弄清楚;务必24. There s as much competition among countries to host the Olympics as to win Olympic medals.有关asas的短语As soon as 一 就 . As / so long as 只要 as much / many as 多达一; 达到 之多 so / as far as 远至一;就而言 as well as 也; 又 as -as possible 尽可能 as good as 实际上;几乎等于25. get

22、lost丢失,属于由“get+过去分词/过去分词式形容词”构成的被动语态。类似:get burnt 烧伤 get hurt 受伤 get lost 迷路 get married 结婚 get paid 领工资getcaught in 受困于B2U31. have sth. in common 有一些共同之处in common with 和 一样辨析: common / ordinary / usualCommon 侧重 “普通 ” ,表 “时时发生;人所共有” ,并含 “并不高贵,地位低下”反义词: rarea common saying 俗语 a common wish 一个共同愿望Ordi

23、nary 侧重 “平凡的,普通的 ”表 “随时可以碰到,不值得惊奇 ” 反义词 superiorUsual 指 “通常的,惯常的 ”“随集体风俗或个人习惯而常常发生2. solve problems 解决问题3. calculation n. 计算,推算be calculated to do sth. 打算或计划做某calculate on doing sth. 指望或依靠某事物4. as time went by / with time going by 随着时间的推移5. 辨析 symbol / sign / signal / markSymbol 指作象征或表达某种深邃意蕴的特殊事物Si

24、gn 普通用词,指人们公认的事物的记号,也可指某种情况的征兆Signal 指为某一目的而有意发出的信号Mark 既可指为便于辨认而有意做的标记,又可指自然形成的标记或有别于其他事物的 特征6. share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物7. as a result 结果8. arise from由而引起,由而产生 arise作 呈现,出现,发生”时,主语多为以下抽 象名词: argument / problem / quarrel / question / movement arise 为不及物动词,没有被动语态arise (vi.)出现,发生,起因于-arose -arisen

25、- arisingarouse(vt.)唤醒,激起-aroused- aroused arousingrise (vi) 升起,起身,增长,上升-rose - risen -risingraise (vt.) 举起,唤起,提高,饲养-raised -raised - raising9. provide / supply/offer 区另1Joffer指提出,提供,呈现”,表示向别人提供可接受也可拒绝的某物,如帮助、服务或 物品,这可能是对方要求也可能是自己主动提出的。例如: He offered me a job, but I didn't accept.offer还有出价的意思。pr

26、ovide指 供给,提供,装备,准备”,强调有预见,并通过储存或准备的方式为某事 做准备,以在需要时提供所需物品。例如: We provided them (with) board and lodging. 我们 给他们提供食宿。牵涉到金钱时,provide往往含有 免费供给”的意味,supply 一般需付钱。supply指供给,补充,弥补”,还可作名词,意为 供给(量),物资,存货例如:We are well supplied with foods. 我们的食品供给充足。10. in a way在某种程度上;稍稍 in this way用这种方式 by the way顺便说 in no wa

27、y 决不 in the / one' sway 妨碍某人 lose one' sway 迷路 on the / one' sway 在路上 make one ' s way 顺进 by way of 经由,途经 give way to 让步,屈服11. with the help of 在的帮助下can't help doing sth.禁不住做某事cannot help but to do不得不做某事,只得做某事help sb. Out帮助某人渡过难关、摆脱困难help sb. With sth.帮助某人做某事help oneself to自用(食物)

28、;擅自取用12. watch over看守;监视;照看 watch for留意,观察等待 watch out for警惕或注意; 提防 keep (a) watch on 监视13. from then on从那时开始 一般用一般过去时;from now on,从现在起,一般用一般将来时14. 辨析 technology 与 techniqueTechnology主要是强调科学方面的比较宏观的技术Technique表技巧,比较微观15. human race 人类16. deal with 处理;安排;对付How to deal with it?What to do with it?海、山川、

29、群岛等前,应加定冠词the Daily (中国日报),the Tang Dynasty20. imagine doing想像做某事21. by +过去时间,对应过去完成时。如: By +将来时间,对应将来完成时。如: tomorrow.22. by oneself单独地,独自地,独立地 for oneself 为自己,替自己,亲自17. personal computer=PC 个人电脑18. artificial intelligence 人工智能19. WWW=the World Wide Web 万维网由普通名词构成的专有名词,表示国家、党派、组织机构、报刊、朝代、江、河、湖、例:the

30、 Yellow River, the United States, the PeopleBy the 1940 s I had grown as large as a room.You will have reached Shanghai by this time例:The boy went abroad by himself例: Do you have anything to say for yourself.To oneself 暗自,私下地,单独所有。 例: He said to himself, “I can t do such a thing ” Be oneself 身心健康 例:

31、 I m glad you are yourself again.In oneself 本身,本性例: Yours is not a bad idea in itself.B2U41. look 短语 : look up 查寻;向上看,仰视look up to(to 介词 ) 尊敬;钦佩=admire lookdown 俯瞰,朝下看 look down on / upon 蔑视,看不起look on 旁观 look on /upon as把.看作 look out 小心 look out for 留意找; 设法得到 look over 检查, 过目; look through 仔细检查, 粗略

32、地看一遍; look into 调查, 向里面看; look back 回头看, 回顾; look forward to (to 介词 ) 盼望; look after 照顾; look around/ about 环顾四周2. the endangered animas 濒危动物3. bring 短语:bring in带进来;引进;引入;赚钱 bring back 1)把带回来 2)使回想起 3)使恢复bring forward 提出 bring up 养育,培养,呕吐,提出 bring about 引起,导致 bring down 使下降, 使减价, 使倒下; bring out 拿出,

33、推出, 显现出; bring along 拿来,带来 bringback to life 使又恢复(苏醒)In 短语 : get in 收割, 收获, 上(轿车, 出租车) take in 吸收, 收容, 欺骗 cut in 打 岔,插话break in 闯入,打岔drop in 顺访,访问 on sb./ at sp. call in 请来,收回 give in 屈服,让步turn in 交出,上交4. in peace 和平地,和睦地,安详地5. in danger (of) 在危险中;垂危6. in relief 如释重负;松了口气7. long to do sth. 盼望 / 渴望做某

34、事long for sth. 渴望,很想有8. burst into sth. = burst out doing 例: burst into laughter = burst out laughing burst out crying=burst into tears a burst of laughter 一阵大笑9. respond /answer/ reply 辨析answer作回答”讲时,较常用,我们既可以说a question,回答问题,也可以说thedoorbell,听见门铃响去开门,还可以说the telephone,接电话。reply 较正式,除了后面跟直接引语或以 that

35、 开始的句子外,一般只用作不及物动词,后面连用to,表示回答别人的问题(话语、信件、祝贺、攻击等):Do you have any suggestionsas to how we shouldto his questions?关于如何回答他的问题,你有没有什么建议? respond 作 “答 ”、 “回答 ”讲,为正式用语,常与介词 to 连用。通常只对号召、职责、请求、紧急情况等作出反应或回应。She nevered to his opinion.她从未对他的意见作出过反应。/I greeted him, but he didn't.我跟他打招呼,但他没理我 .10. without

36、 mercy 毫不留情地11. protect- from/ prevent from/ stop from/ keep from 阻止某人做某事12. reserve vt.保留,保存,预订 sth. for sb. /sth.为保留 -tickets, rooms 预订票、 房间13. certain 某,某些a certain number of animals 一些动物some 也可以表示某一,但some 前不能加a, 所以 a certain number of animals = some number of animals14. contain vt. 包含;容纳;克制(强烈的感

37、情);抑制辨析: contain /include /including /includedContain 意为“包含,含有,容纳,里面装有”,指的是包含的全部内容或容量,也可指里面所含的成分,不用进行时态Include意为“包含;连在内,计入,包括”,用于表示所包含之物中的一部分,其后的宾语往往是主语的一部分Including 可以作介词,放在所包括的东西之前Many people like tennis, including meIncluded 是过去分词性质的形容词,放在所包括的东西之后Many people like tennis, meincluded. 例: This book

38、contains ten units, including two main revisions.15. affect vt.影响;感到;(疾病)侵袭 be affected by 被所感动 effect n. 影响;效力,疗效;作用 have an effect on=affect16. pay attention to (to 介词)注意 draw / catch / attract one's attention to 弓 I起一 的注意 fix one's attention on 聚精会神于 17. appreciate vt. 欣赏;感激;意识到 appreciat

39、e doing I would appreciate it if假如我将不胜感激Appreciate 等表示喜恶的词其后不直接跟if 或 when 引导的从句, 若语义上需要接这类从句,需用 it 作形式宾语18. be harmful to = do harm to 对有害19. succeed (in) doing sth. 成功- succeed vt. 接替; 继任 Spring succeeds winter20. come into being/ existence 形成;产生come into effect 开始生效come into power /office 就职,上台执政

40、come into use / service 开始被使用 come into sight / view 看得 见21. They lived on the earth tens of millions of years ago, long before humans came into being. 千百万年前恐龙就在地球上生活,比人类的出现要早得多。Long before 相当于 long long ago, 意为“很久以前” ,常用于过去时或过去完成时的句子中作时间状语, before 后边可以跟从句Before long 相当于 soon 或 a little later, 意为“不久

41、;不久以后” ,常与将来时、过去时 态连用,在句中作状语,不可以直接加从句。22. according to 根据B2U51. roll v. 滚动; (使)摇摆n. 摇晃;面包圈;rock n roll (rock-and-roll) 摇滚乐2. folk adj. 民间的 folk music 民间音乐3. pretend vt. 假装;假扮Pretend to do Pretend to be doing Pretend to have done4. to be honest 说老实话;实话说5. attach great importance to doing 认为重要 attach

42、significance / value /weight to sth.6. passer-by n. 过路人;行人pl. passers-byGrown-up grown-ups a woman doctor women doctors规律:有主体名词的合成名词的复数形式一般加在主体名词后无主体名词的合成名词的复数形式一般是最后一个名词改为复数由 man, woman 作定语修饰另一个名词时,其复数形式两者都要变7. dream a dream 做梦8. make records 制唱片 break the record 打破纪录9. play jokes on 戏弄 =play tricks on10. rely vi. 依赖;依靠rely on (sb. To do sth.) 依靠某人做某事adj. reliable 可依赖的11. sb. be familiar with sth.Sth. be familiar to sb.12. break up 解散; (会议)结束, (组织)

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