初中英语词和词组辨析(形异义近)

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上词和词组辨析（形异义近）让语言多样化，主要应用于单项选择、完形填空、写作中（1）借borrow 借入，常用短语：borrow sth from sb 从某人那里借来某物lend 借出，常用短语：lend sth to sb 把某物借给某人keep 借，表示长时间的保存I have kept the book for two weeks.（2）穿Dress 可表示“穿着某种颜色或风格的衣服”，其后加介词in，不可加具体的服饰（例如：She likes to dress in black and red.）。第二种用法可表示“为某人穿衣”，其宾语为人。dress ones

2、elf自己穿衣服；dress sb up 打扮某人put on 穿上，戴上，强调动作wear 穿着，戴着，强调状态=be in wear a coat/ jewelry （3）看see 看见，强调结果 Seeing is believing. look 看，强调动作， look at watch看（电视，比赛，电影） watch TV/ a game/ a movieread 看书，报纸，杂志等， read a book/ newspaper/magazine（4）拿bring 带来，拿来，指从别的地方把东西带到说话人处take 带走，拿走，表示把东西从说话人处带到远处carry扛，搬，承载，

3、没有方向性，fetch 去取，去拿，表示往返拿东西（5）死die 死，是不及物动词  Her grandfather died last year. dead 死的，形容词 Her grandfather had been dead for 2 years. Dead air 死气沉沉death 死亡，名词 His death was a great loss to China. dying垂死的，渴望的，形容词 The poor old man was dying. Im dying for a drink.（6）说话speak 说，后常接某种语言 I can speak

4、 Chinese.Say 强调说话的内容 He said he was angry.talk 交谈，不及物动词 talk to/with sb tell 告诉，讲述 tell sb sth tell a storychat 闲聊 wechat （7）花费spend 指花费金钱或者时间，主语是人sb spend time/ money on sth sb spend time/money (in) doing sthcost 物作主语， 意为“值多少钱” sth cost money take it takes sb time/ money to do sthpay 支付 sb pay mone

5、y for sth Alipay（8）找look for 寻找，强调找的过程find 找到，强调找的结果 （9）听listen to 听，强调听的动作 listen to the teacherhear 听到，强调听的结果 Im sorry to hear that.（10）输赢lose 输掉，失去 lose the game fail “失败” 指未能做成某事 Did you pass the exam?No, I failed.beat 意为“打败”  打败某人或者某队win 意为“赢得”， 如赢得地位、比赛、荣誉等 win the Nobel prize（11）忘fo

6、rget 忘记 forget to do sth  忘记做某事forget doing sth本来做过某事，但是自己却忘了leave 把某物落在某地 leave sth +某地点（12）到达arrive in +大地点(village) ; arrive at +小地点(Beijing)get to +地点名词    How do you usually get to school?reach  +地点名词  She reached the office at 7 oclock.（13）参加join 加入党派、组织，如参军，

7、入党，入团等 would you like to join us?take part in 指参加聚会或活动attend 出席（会议等）（14）变得turn 强调变化结果，一般用于颜色的变化，turn red/yellowget 强调变化过程，“渐渐变得” 如天变黑，变冷变暖，天变长变短 go向坏的变化 horses go lame马腿瘸了 machines go wrong机器出毛病 meat，fish or vegetables go bad肉、鱼或蔬菜变质 milk goes sour牛奶变味或变酸 bread goes stale面包不新鲜了become 中性词，好、坏两方面的变化 H

8、er mother became angry when she heard the news.（15）如此以致so that so 是副词，接形容词或副词He spoke so fast that no one could understand him.such that such 接名词或名词短语。She is such a beautiful girl that everyone likes her.（16）两个都（都不）Both 指“两者都”, 是对两者的肯定,修饰复数名词 Both of them are good teachers.Either表示“两者中任何一个”，谓语动词用单数形

9、式Either book is OK.Neither表示“两者都不” 是对两者的否定Neither answer is right.P.S. eitheror(要么要么),neithernor(既不也不)结构做主语时,谓语动词要与or或nor后面的成分在人称和数上保持一致,也就是我们常说的主谓一致就近原则.如:Either you or I am right. = Either I or you are right. Neither he nor we are right. = Neither we nor he is right. （17）由做成Be made of 原材料可见(物理变化)

10、The desk is made of wood.Be made from 原材料不可见(化学) The wine is made from grapes.（18）活的alive 活的（表语），修饰人To live is not just to be alive, but to be alive is to live.一个人不是为了活才生，而是为了生才活。live 活的，有生命的（作定语）；直播的（节目），修饰动物和无生命Mother bought some live fish yesterday.Live programliving 活着的，在世的，修饰人与物He is one of the

11、 greatest living composers in the world.lively 生动的、活泼的 He is always a bright and lively child.（19）收到receive 通常指被动地“收到”或“接到” We havent received his letter for a long time.accept 则指主动地“接受” She received his present, but she didnt accept it. （20）因为在份量上，because 语气最强，其次是 since ，再次是as，至于for，则并不成其为原因，至多只是一种

12、理由而已。Because最适合回答why，引导原因状语从句，放在句末时，可不用逗号分开。because of 也表示原因，但只能接名词, 代词或动名词。注意：because 和so 不可同时出现在一个句子里。I do it because I like it.As引导原因状语从句，位置较为灵活(常放于主句之前)，附带说明的“双方已知的原因”As it is raining, I will not go out. since引导原因状语从句。表示“既然”，通常放在句首，表示已知的、 显然的理由Since you are going, I will accompany you. for引导并列句，

13、表示“由于”，只是对某一问题或现象作一附加的说明或解释。For引导的句子置于主句之后，且用逗号隔开。 He seldom goes out now, for he is very old. （21）除.外Besides表示“除了以外，还有”，具有附加性质。Besides Mr. Wang, we also went to see the film.（王先生也去了）except表示“除外”，具有排它性质，除去的部分与主语同类。 We all went to see the film except Mr. Wang.（王先生没去）except for表示“除了”，除去的部分与主语不同类，从整体中除

14、去一个细节。The article is good except for a few spelling mistakes.（22）路road具体的公路，马路  take this road the Silk Roadstreet街道 in the streetpath小路，小径way道路，途径（抽象） the way to success 成功之路the Milky Way 银河（23）工作  work不可数 I have too much work to do. job可数  find a good job  （26）旅行

15、travel是最常用的，动词 travel around the countrytrip指短期的旅途，名词 take a three-day tripjourney指稍长的旅途，名词 life is a long journey. voyage指海上航行，名词tour 旅行，周游，观光，一般团队游, 距离可长可短，常带有“最后回到出发地”的含义。He is making a tour of the world.（27）在之前in front of范围外的前面 The hospital is in front of the park.in the front of范围内的前面 In the fro