定语从句,学生,初中

1、定语从句2016年8月7号 有关概念：1、定语从句定语从句在句中做定语，修饰名词的从句，就叫定语从句。2、先行词被定语从句修饰的词是就叫先行词。3、关系代词或关系副词连接定语从句和先行词的词就是关系代词或关系副词。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which关系副词有：when, where, why。【1】由关系代词引导的定语从句 例如：She is(她就是) the teacher who teaches them chemistry(教他们化学的老师). the teacher被who teaches them chemistry修饰，是先行词， who tea

2、ches them chemistry修饰the teacher，作定语，是定语从句,who引出定语从句是关系代词。又如：I still remember(我还记得) the day when I joined the League(我入团的那天). the day被 when I joined the League修饰，是先行词，when I joined the League修饰the day, 作定语， 是定语从句。when 引出定语从句是关系副词。定语从句常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。1).关系代词who, whom, that指人, who，that在定语从

3、句中作主语和宾语，whom只能作宾语，此时，可和who互换。that, whom作宾语时，可以省去。例如：He is(他就是) the man who/that wants to see you (想见你的人).（who/that在从句中作主语）He is(他就是) the man whom/ that I saw yesterday(我昨天见的那个人).（whom/that在从句中作宾语,可以省去）2).that,which指物，在定语从句中作主语和宾语，可以互换，作宾语时，可以省去。例如：He is interested in(他对感兴趣) the book that/which his

4、grandfather gave him(他爷爷给的书).（which/that在从句中作宾语，可以省去）Weve forgotten(我们已经忘记了) the popular song which/that was taught by Mrs Brown last term(上学期布朗夫人教我们的那首流行歌曲). （which/that在从句中作主语）3). whose 用来指人或物,只用作定语,指物，它还可以同of which互换；指人，它可以同of whom互换。例如：They rushed over to help the man (大家都跑过去帮忙那人)whose(=of whom)

5、 car had broken down(他的车坏了).Please pass me the book(请递给我那本书) whose （=of which） cover is green(它的封面是绿皮色的).【2】关系代词that 和which 的用法 1）只能用which,不用that的情况:a).引导非限定性定语从句时,不能用that。 例如：The tree, which is four hundred years old, is very famous here. Which不可改成 thatb).介词后不能用that。 例如：We depend on the land(我们依赖土地

6、) from which we get our food(从中获得食物). We depend on the land (我们依赖土地)that/which we get our food from(从中获得食物).2).只能用that,不能用which的情况:a).在there be 句型中，只用that，不用which。 例如:On the desk there is(在桌上有) a key that can be used for opening the door(一把可用来开门的钥匙). b).先行词为不定代词，如：anything(任何东西，任何事情), everything(每样东

7、西，每件事情), nothing(每有东西，没有事情),还有 the one(那一个), all(所有的人或东西), much(很多), few(很少), any(任何一个), little(很少，几乎没有)等作先行词时，只用that，不用which。例如:All that is needed(所需的) is a supply of oil(只是供油问题).There is(有) something that I can do for you(我可以为你做的事情).Finally(最终), the thief(那贼) handed everything that he had stolen(把

8、偷的全部东西) to the police(交给了警察).c）先行词有the only(唯一的), the very(正是)修饰时，只用that。例如:He is(他就是) the only man that was invited to the party(被邀请去参加晚会的唯一的人).This is(这) the very scenic spot that we want to visit(正是我们想参观的风景区). d).先行词被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时，只用that。例如:This is(这是) the most interesting novel that I read(我读过的最

9、有趣的小说).The first English magazine that he read(他看的第一本英文杂志) is China Today(是今日中国).e).先行词既有人，又有物时。例如:They are talking about(他们正在谈论) the persons and things that they know(他们知道的人和事).单项选择题： ( )1. Ill tell you_ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which ( )2. Were talking about the pi

10、ano and the pianist _were in the concert we attended last night.A. which B. whom C. who D. that ( )3. The girl _ an English song in the next room is Toms sister. A. who is singing B. is singing C. sang D. was singing ( )4. Those _ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn

11、B. who C. that learns D. who learn ( )5. Anyone _this opinion may speak out. A. that againsts B. that against C. who is against D. who are against( )6. Didnt you see the man_? A. I nodded just now B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now D. I nodded to just now ( )7. Is there anything _

12、 to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. that belong D. which belongs ( )8. There is only one thing _ I can do. A. what B. that C. all D. which ( )9. I like the second football match _ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. Cwhom( )10.The place_ interested me most was the Children'

13、;s Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which( )11.The factory _we'll visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which( )12.This is one of the best films_. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shownC. that has been shown this year D. that you talked( )

14、13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose( )14.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school.A. which B. that C. whom D. what( )15.You're the only person_ I've ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;

15、/ D./; who将下列短语翻译成汉语：1. the person I spoke to just now 2. the magazine that I bought the day before yesterday 3. the cat which was killed the car 4. the ideas that they are discussing now 5. the book which/ that he borrowed yesterday 6. the train which/that arrived in London 7. everything that took

16、place in the office 8. the girl whose mother is working in that hospital 9. the office building which was built last year 10. a house whose windows face south 将下列短语译成英语：1.妈妈给我的礼物 2. 站在那里的那个老太太 3. 他听过的第一首英文歌 4. 我的父亲买的杂志 5. 正和麦克交谈的科学家 6. 上周看的那部英文电影 7. 我的叔开的那辆车 8. 通过数学考试的学生9. 我们参观过的那个农场 10. 我们要做的每一件事情【

17、3】“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句由“介词+关系词”引导的定语从句，相当于关系副词引导的定语从句This is(这是) the house in which I lived two years ago(我两年前住过的房子).。= This is(这是) the house where I lived two years ago(我两年前住过的房子).Do you remember(还记得) the day on which you joined our club(你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗)?= Do you remember(还记得) the day when you joined our

18、club(你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗)?注意：1).介词后面的关系词不能省略。 2).that前不能有介词。3).某些在从句中充当时间，地点或原因状语的"介词+关系词"结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。【4】关系副词引导的定语从句 在定语从句中，先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词，就要用关系副词来引导，关系副词在定语从句中作状语。1）关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,即：when(= at/on/in which), where(=at/on/in which), why(= for which)，

19、因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用。例如：We will never forget the day when（= on which） we get together.我们永远忘不了我们相聚的日子。Beijing is(北京是) the place where（= in which） I was born(我出生的地方).This is(这就是) the reason why （= for which） he refused our offer(他拒绝我们帮助的理由).2）that也可以充当关系副词，可以用在表示时间、地点、方式、理由的“先行词”后，取代when,

20、where, why和"介词+ which"，引导的定语从句，在口语中that常被省略。例如： His father died the year （that / when / in which） he was born.他父亲在他出生那年逝世了。 He is unlikely to find(他不大可能找到) the place （that / where / in which） he lived forty years ago(他四十年前居住过的地方).I dont like the way（=that/in which） you talk to your parents

21、. 我不喜欢你给你父母说话的方式。【5】判断关系代词与关系副词 方法一： 用关系代词，还是关系副词取决从句中的谓语动词。如果定语从句的谓语动词是及物动词，就必须用关系代词；如果定语从句的谓语动词是不及物动词，要求用关系副词。如：This is (这是)the mountain village where I stayed last year(我去年呆过的山村).I'll never forget(我永远不会忘记) the days when I worked together with you(与你共事的日子).判断改错：（错） This is the mountain village

22、 where I visited last year.（错） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（对） This is(这就是) the mountain village （which） I visited last year(我去年参观的小山村).（对） I'll never forget (我永远忘不了)the days （which） I spent in the countryside(我在乡下读过的那些日子). 习惯上总把表地点或时间的名词与关系副词 where, when联系在一起。此两

23、题错在关系词的误用上。方法二： 准确判断先行词在定语从句中的成分（主、谓、宾、定、状），也能正确选择出关系代词/关系副词。例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days age? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one答案：例1 D，例2 A 。例1变为肯定句： This museum is _ you visited a few days ag

24、o.例2变为肯定句： This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分为宾语，而where, that, on which都不能起到宾语的作用，只有the one既做主句的表语，又可做从句的宾语，可以省略关系代词，所以应选D。 而句2中, 主、谓、宾俱全，从句部分为句子的状语，表地点，既可用副词where，又因 in the museum词组,可用介词in + which 引导地点状语。而此题中 介词on 用的不对，所以选A。关系词的选择依据在从句中所做的成分，先行词在从句中做主、定、宾语时，选择关系代词（who, whom, th

25、at, which, whose）； 先行词在从句中做状语时，应选择关系副词 （ where 地点状语，when 时间状语，why 原因状语）。单项选择题：( )1. Dont talk about such things of _ you are not sure. A. which B. what C. as D. those( )2. Is this the factory _ you visited the other day? A. that B. where C. in which D. the one ( )3. Is this factory_some foreign frie

26、nds visited last Friday?A. that B. where C. which D. the one ( )4. Is this the factory _ he worked ten years ago? A. that B. where C. which D. the one ( )5. The wolves hid themselves in the places _ couldnt be bound. A. that B. where C. in which ( )6. The reason is _ he is unable to operate the mach

27、ine. A. because B. why C. that D. whether ( )7. Ill tell you _ he told me last week. A. all which B. that C. all that D. which ( )8. Were talking about the piano and the pianist _ were in the concert we attended last night. A. which B. whom C. who D. that ( )9. -“How do you like the book?” -“Its qui

28、te different from _ I read last month.” A. that B. which C. the one D. the one what ( )10. Mr. Zhang gave the textbook to all the pupils except _ who had already taken them. A. the ones B. ones C. some D. the others ( )11. The train _ she was travelling was late. A. which B. where C. on which D. in

29、that ( )12. He has lost the key to the drawer _ the papers are kept.A.where B.in which C.under which D. which ( )13. Antarctic _ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which B. where C. that D. about which ( )14. May the fourth is the day _ we Chinese people will never

30、forget. A. which B. when C. on which D. about which ( )15. We are going to spend the Spring Festival in Guangzhou, _ live my grandparents and some relatives. A. which B. that C. who D. where ( )16. The hotel _during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at B. where we stayed C. we stayed

31、D. in that we stayed ( )17. Do you know which hotel_? A. she is staying B. she is staying in C. is she staying D. is she staying in ( )18. Who can think of a situation _ this idiom can be used? A. which B. that C. where D. in that ( )19. I have many books, some of _ are on chemistry. A. them B. that

32、 C. which D. those ( )20. They were interested _ you told them. A. in which B. in that C. all that D. in everything( )21. I like the second football match _ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. /( )22. The great day we looked forward to _at last. A. come B. came C. coming D. comes 将下列短语翻译成

33、汉语：1.the students who were from the US 2. the dictionary my teacher asked me to buy 3. the train on which I came to New York 4. the noise that woke everybody up5. the reason why he came late 6. the man with whom I traveled last year 7. the place in which(= when ) he was born 8. the store in which（=

34、where） we bought presents 9.the reason for which(= why ) he failed in the exam 10. his best friend with whom he has worked for over six years将下列短语翻译成英语：1.我们的家乡发生的一切 2.我的父亲曾经工作过的工厂 3.他去年参观过的公园 4. 她上学迟到的原因 5. 我想学的那首歌曲 6. 他在找的钱包 7. 我们相见的那一天 8. 常常帮我学习英语的那位同学 9.你给我讲的那个故事 10. 我们住过的那家宾馆【6】限制性和非限制性定语从句(3) 1

35、).定语从句有限制性和非限制性两种。限制性定语句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它主句意思往往不明确；非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。例如：This is the house which we bought last month(我们上个月买的那幢房子).（限制性）The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.这幢房子很漂亮，是我们上个月买的。（非限制性）2）当先行词是专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。例如：Charles Smith(查理

36、83;史密斯), who was my former teacher(他曾经是我的老师), retired last year(去年退休了).My house, which I bought last year(我去年买的的那幢房子), has got a lovely garden(带着个漂亮的花园).。This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching. 这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。3）非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。例如：He seemed to have

37、 a bad headache, which made his mother worried.The Great Wall lies in the north of China, which is known to us all.说明：关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。（ ）1. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well.A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which （ ）2. He must be from Africa, _ca

38、n be seen from his skin. A. that B. as C. who D. which （ ）3. He has two sons, _ work as chemists. A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom （ ）4. I, _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is （ ）5. He is a man of great experie

39、nce, _ much can be learned. A. who B. that C. from which D. from whom （ ）6. The astronaut did many experiments in the spaceship, _ much help for knowing space. A. which we think it is B. which we think are of C. of which we think is D. I think which is of （ ）7. The great day we looked forward to _at

40、 last. A. come B. came C. coming D. comes （ ）8. I like the second football match _ was held last week. A. which B. who C. that D. （ ）9.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that（ ）10.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old.A. to whom B. on

41、whom C. with which D. with whom（ ）11.Is there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. who's C. which D. whose（ ）12.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday.A. which B. who C. what D. as（ ）13.He isn't such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as（ ）14.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what（ ）15.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much.A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him（ ）16.I don't like _ as you read.A. the novels B. the such novels C. such