绝对精华+高三英语第一轮复习教案语法一(定语从句)

1、定语从句定义定语从句起形容词的作用，在句中修饰一个名词或代词。被修饰的词叫做先行词，引导定语从句的词叫关系词，他的作用一是放在先行词与定语从句中间起了连接作用，二是在从句中担当一个成分，并与先行词保持数的一致。关系词先行词从句成分例句备注关系代词who人主语Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在从句中做宾语时，常可以省略，但介词提前时后面关系代词不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人宾语Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (

2、whom she loved died in the war.whose人，物定语I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my desk mate. that人，物主语宾语A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that I want to see very much.which物主语宾语The book (which I gave you was worth $10.The picture

3、which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主语宾语He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做宾语一般不省略关系副词when时间时间状语I will never forget the day when we met there.可用on whichwhere地点地点状语This is the house where I was born.可用in whichwhy原因原因状语I cant imagin

4、e the reason why he turned down my offer.可用for which关系副词与关系代词的区别。先行词是表示时间、地点、原因的名词，引导定语从句是用关系副词还是用关系代词，关键在于关系词在从句中充当的成分。如果充当状语，就用关系副词引导定语从句；如果充当主语或宾语，则用关系代词。This is the school where Mr. Cheng works. This is the school that Mr. Cheng set up ten years ago.I will never forget the day when I joined the

5、Party.I will never forget the day that I spent with Mr. Isaak.That was the reason that he gave me yesterday. That was the reason why he gave me a note yesterday.一、定语从句基本含义1、功能：相当于形容词，修饰名词或代词，在句中作定语2、位置：定语从句置于被修饰词之后 Those who are willing to attend the party, sign here please.3、先行词：被定语从句修饰的词称为先行词（1）先行

6、词一般是名词和不定代词，如:some-, any-, every-和no与-boy, -thing的合成词；或all、none、any、some、that、those等代词。数词也可以作先行词，人称代词也同样可作先行词。（2）先行词与关系词是等量关系。必须注意两点：先行词在从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的数由先行词而定。This is the place which is worth visiting.关系词在从句句子中充当了成分，其意思就是先行词的意义，所以在从句中不能重复其意。There are many places we can visit（them）in China.4、关系词：引导定

7、语从句的都称关系词关系代词：who, whom, which, that, whose, as。关系副词：when, where, why。that偶尔也作关系副词。5、确定关系词的步骤（1）先找关系词，看先行词指的是什么。（2）看关系词在从句中所充当的成分。二、语法解析（一）That与which区别1、在限制性定语从句中，当先行词指物时，下列情况的关系词宜用that（1）先行词被形容词最高级 序数词 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything、ever

8、ything等不定代词时。当something表示具体的事物，重要的东西，重要的人物等确定意义时，它是名词，关系代词用that 或which均可。There was the mysterious something which/that they had worked so hard to find: radium.（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。He talked about some writers and books that were unknown to us all.（4）先行词在主句中作表语关系词在从句中作表语时。The village is no longer the one t

9、hat was 5 years ago.（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。 Which are the books that you bought for me ?2、宜用which的情况（1）在非限制性定语从句中 Mary has a book, which is very precious.（2）在关系词前有介词时 This is a house in which lives an old man.（3）当先行词本身是that时 That dog which I found in the street belongs to Mary.（4）当关系词后面有插入语时用which引导定语从句

10、。Here is the English grammar book which, as I have told you, will help to improve your English. 表“方式”的“关系副词”不用“How”只用“that / in which”,或省去。I dont like the way / manner (that / in which he spoke to me.（二）as 与which1、关系代词as,在从句中作主语、宾语和表语。（1）先行词被such和the same修饰，或句型as many（much）中，从句都用as 引导。Such books as

11、you bought are useful. The school is just the same as it was 10 years age. such that 引导的结果状语从句，that 在从句中不充当句子成分They are such lovely children that we love them muchthe same that 引导定语从句。 I want to use the same tool that you used just now.（2）无先行词的非限制性定语从句用as和which引导。区别：意义上：as 含有“这点正如一样”。位置上：as 从句可置句首，也

12、可在另处。There is lots of air in loose snow, which can keep the cold out.As is known, the earth is round, not flat.2、 as和which指整个主句的内容，引导非限制性定语从句有时可以通用。as引导的定语从句可以位于句首、句中或句末；which 引导的定于从句一般只位于句末。as引导的定语从句常与know, see, report, say, expect, announce等动词连用；which引导的这类定语从句时常作实意动词的主语，当它引导的从句与主句之间含有并列关系或结果关系时，一般

13、用which。As we all know ,China is a country with a long history.China is a country with a long history, as is known to us all.Tom did not pass the exam, which made his mother very angry.as多用于固定搭配中：as is often the case(这是常有的事，as was expected(不出所料，as often happens(正如经常发生的那样，as is known to all(众所周知，as ha

14、s been said before(如上所述，as is mentioned above(正如上面所提到的等He didnt pass the exam, as we had expected. which 代表整个句子，还可用于in which case（如果是那样/这样的话）, at which point（就在那时）, on which occasion等。I may have to work late, in which case Ill telephone you. 我可能得晚点下班，那样我会给你打电话的3、 当非限制性定语从句放到主句的前面时，引导词只能用as，而不用which。

15、如：As is planned, we got there before eight. 4、 As引导的非限制性定语从句指表示积极的意义，与主句是顺理成章的关系，绝不能与之矛盾。若非限制性定语从句表示一种消极的意义，则只用which。如：He has succeeded in his career, as / which we all hope. Her grandma died last week, which made her very sad. 她的奶奶逝世了，这使得她很悲伤。5、 当非限制性定语从句的引导词前面有介词时，只能用which, 而不可用 as。如：He has a new

16、computer, for which he paid nearly ten thousand yuan. （三）、That、who、whose区别1、关系词who与that指人时，也有不同情况分别用不同的关系词（1）当主句是there be句型时，关系词用who。（2）先行词是为anyone、those、someone、everyone、one等词时，关系词用who。（3）当主句是who作疑问词时，关系词用that。Who is that girl that is standing by the window?（4）whom在从句中只作宾语，可被who取代。2、whose作关系词既指人又指物

17、，在从句中作定语。如：Do you know Mr. Smith whose story is very moving?There is a room, whose window faces the river.There is a room, the window of which faces the river.（四）关系副词when与where、why、thatwhen 指时间 = in / at / on / during whichwhere指地点 = in / at / from / whichwhy指原因 = for which （：why 不能引导非限制性定语从句。）I won

18、t forget the date when( on which I was born.This is the room where (in which I lived. = This is the room which I lived in.I dont know the reason why (for which he havent come today.Tom still remembers the days when (in which they lived in Tianjin. 1. 当先行词为way、day、reason、time时，可用that作关系副词。（非正式场合）I do

19、nt like the way that / in which / he talks.2当time作先行词时，关系词可以省掉。This is the first time I have given you a lesson in French.（五）定语从句的主谓一致1. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词与先行词保持一致。The boy who is standing at the door is my son.2. 在one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，复数名词是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用复数形式。This is one of the best b

20、ooks that have ever been written on the subject.3. 在“the only one of the +复数名词+定语从句”结构中，one 是先行词，关系代词在定语从句中作主语，其谓语动词用单数。This is the only one of the best books that has ever been written on the subject.（六）限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句的区别。1、限定性定语从句必须和主句紧紧连在一起，不可分开；非限定性定语从句对先行词作附加的说明，与主句的关系不十分密切，较松散，一般用逗号与主句隔开。2、限定

21、性定语从句的关系代词作主语时不能省，做宾语在口语中时，可以省略，而非限定性定语从句的关系代词不可以省略。A plane is a machine that can fly.The finger（that）I put into my mouth was not the one（that）I had dipped into the cup.Abraham Lincoln, who led the United States through these years, was shot on April 14,1865.His mother, whom he loved dearly, died in

22、 1818.3、非限定性定语从句中的关系代词可以代表一个单词、词组或整个句子。My brother lives in zhongshan, which is only two hours drive from here.The English party , which was held in our school, was good.He lost his bike, which made him unhappy.（七） 定语从句与其他从句的区别1、定语从句与强调句区别。定语从句中关系词作从句成分，复合句。强调it无意义，that / who不是引导词。强调it is / was和that

23、/ who后如果句子意思讲得通则是强调句，讲不通则不是。It is the museum that / which we visited last year.(定语从句It was in the hotel that we stayed last night.（强调句）2、定语从句与同位语从句的区别。定语从句引导词被称为关系词，that充当主语、宾语、表语。有时可省略；关系副词引导限制性定语从句中的关系词有跟他们含义相应的先行词。同位语从句引导词被叫做连词，that不能充当任何成分，不可省。Sorry, Ive forgot the day when we met for the first

24、time. 抱歉，我记不起我们第一次见面的日子了。(定语从句，先行词the day 与when含义相应 Ive no idea when we met for the first time. 我不知道我们第一次是什么时候见面的。(同位语从句，idea与when没有任何联系 3、定语从句与时间语状语从句的区别当定语从句的引导词与时间状语的连接词都是when时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明时间名词，只能放在先行词的后面；时间状语从句说明动作发生的情况，并且可以放在主句的前面。如：Do you know the time when the class is over? 你知道下课的时间吗？(定语从句 It was already five oclock when the class was over. When the class was over, it was already five oclock. 当课结束时，已经是五点钟了。(时间状语从句 4、定语从句与地点状语从句的区别当定语从句的引导词与地点状语的连接词都是where时，定语从句修饰、限制、说明地点名词；而状语从句说明动作发生的地点，where没有对应的地点名词或代词。如：This is the