机电专业英语第2版10Unit10

1、NC Program数控编程数控编程 徐存善主编The Plant of CNC Machines(数控机床车间数控机床车间) 徐存善主编 徐存善主编 徐存善主编Textv A group of commands given to the CNC for operating the machine is called the programBy specifying the commands, tool is moved along a straight line or an arc, or the spindle motor is turned on and off. In the prog

2、ram，specify the commands in the sequence of actual tool movements (Fig. 10-1 a)v A group of commands at each step of the sequence is called the blockThe program consists of a group of blocks for a series of machiningThe number for discriminating each block is called the sequence number, and the numb

3、er for discriminating each program is called the program number 徐存善主编Textv The block and the program have the following configurations (Fig.10-1b) v A block starts with a sequence number to identify the block and ends with an end-of-block code. This manual indicates the end-of block code by：(LF in t

4、he ISO code and CR in the EIA code) v A program section consists of several blocksA program section starts with a program number and ends with a program end codeNormally，a program number is specified after the end-of-block (；) code at the beginning of the program，and a program end code(M02 or M30)is

5、 specified at the end of the program (Fig. 10-1c) 徐存善主编 Textv There are two program types, main program and subprogramWhen machining of the same pattern appears at many portions of a program, a program for the pattern is createdThis is called the subprogramOn the other hand, the original program is

6、called the main programNormally, the CNC operates according to the main programHowever, when a command calling a subprogram is encountered in the main program, control is passed to the subprogramWhen a command specifying a return to the main program is encountered in a subprogram, control is returne

7、d to the main program. See Fig. 10-2v The CNC memory can hold up to 400 main programs and subprograms(63 as standard)A main program can be selected from the stored main programs to operate the machine 徐存善主编New Words and Phrasesv arc :k n弧线, 弧（度）；弧光（全称electric arc）；弧形物；天穹 v specify spesfai, -si- vt.

8、指定；列举；详细说明；把列入说明书v sequence si:kwns n次序，顺序 vt. 按顺序排好 v block blk n程序块; 块；街区；障碍物；大厦 vt. 阻塞；阻止discriminating diskrimineiti adj. 有识别力的；识别的；有差别的v preparatory priprtri, prep- adj. 预备的v dimension dimenn, dai- n维数v configuration kn,fijurein n. 配置；结构；外形v identify aidentifai vt. 识别；确定；使参与；把看成一样v subprogram s

9、b,prugrm, -rm n子程序；次程序；辅程序 徐存善主编New Words and Phrasesv miscellaneous misleinis adj.各种各样的；多方面的，多才多艺的v pattern ptn n图形，图案v original ridnl adj. 原始的；最初的；新颖的；独创的v encounter inkaunt n. 遭遇，偶然碰见 v. 遭遇，邂逅；遇到v instruction instrkn n指令; 命令；指示；用法说明v ISO (International Organization for Standardization) 国际标准化组织v s

10、equence number序号 v EIA (Electronic Industries Association) 电子工业联合会 徐存善主编Language pointsv 1The number for discriminating each block is called the sequence number， and the number for discriminating each program is called the program numberv 译文：区分各个组块的号称为顺序号，区分每个程序的号称为程序号。v 2A block starts with a seque

11、nce number to identify the block and ends with an end-of-blockv codev 译文：一个程序块以一个顺序号开始并以一个程序块结束码结束。 徐存善主编Language pointsv 说明：句中start with以开始；end with以结束。v Lets start with what you know directly. v 让我们直接从你所知道的开始。v This line should begin with a capital letter and end with a period. v 这一行应该以大写字母开头，以句号结

12、尾。v Will the Copenhagen climate conference end with a deal on carbon emissions? v 哥本哈根气候会议将会为碳排放收场？ 徐存善主编Language pointsv 3When machining of the same pattern appears at many portions of a program，a program for the pattern is createdThis is called the subprogramv 译文： 在一个程序的许多部分出现相同图形的加工时，专为该图形编写出一个程序

13、称为子程序。v 4However，when a command calling a subprogram is encountered in the main program，control is passed to the subprogramv 译文：不过，在主程序内遇到一个调用子程序的命令时，控制传到该子程序上。v 说明：句中is passed to传给，转到。v The trust such firms place in us is passed to clients. v 这些公司对我们的信任将直接嘉惠我们的客户。 徐存善主编Language pointsv The spirit i

14、s passed down from generation to generation.这种精神一代一代地传了下来。v 5When a command specifying a return to the main program is encountered in a subprogram，control is returned to the main programv 译文： 在一个子程序内遇到一个返回主程序的命令时，控制返回主程序。v 说明：句中return to回到，恢复。v Things will return to normal before too long.用不了太久，情况就会

15、恢复正常。v Doctors say she can return to school in about a week. v 医生说她大约一星期之后就能回到学校。 徐存善主编Exercisesv I. Answer the following questionsv 1What is a program? v 2What is the block? The block means a group of commands at each step of the sequence v 3Briefly describe the block configuration A block starts w

16、ith a sequence number to identify the block and ends with an end-of-block code.v 4Briefly describe the program configurationv A program section consists of several blocksA program section starts with a program number and ends with a program end code A group of commands given to the CNC for operating

17、 the machine is called the program. 徐存善主编Exercisesv II. Place a “T” (true) or an “F”( false) beside the sentences according to the text. v 1A group of commands given to the CNC for operating the machine is called the blockv 2A group of commands at each step of the sequence is called the programv 3Se

18、quence number is used to discriminating the block v 4A program section starts with a program number and ends with M02 or M30 v 5When machining of the same pattern appears at many portions of a program，the program is created to the subprogram 徐存善主编 Exercises v III. Translate the following sentences i

19、nto Chinese.v 1. In the program，specify the commands in the sequence of actual tool movements 在程序中，命令根据实际的刀具运动顺序来选定。v 2. A block starts with a sequence number to identify the block and ends with an end-of-block code 一个程序块以一个顺序号开始并以一个程序块结束码结束。 3. There are two program types, main program and subprogr

20、am 程序有两种类型：主程序与子程序。 v 4. Normallythe CNC operates according to the main program 通常情况下，CNC根据主程序来操作。 徐存善主编Translating Skills非谓语动词非谓语动词V-ingV-ing的用法的用法v 非谓语动词是动词的一种非限定形式，不可单独作谓语，其形式不受主语的人称和数的限制。非谓语动词有三种形式：V-ing , V-ed, to-V。由于非谓语动词由动词变化而来，因此它也保留了动词的特性，可带有自己的宾语和状语。v V-ing 形式通常被划分为动名词和现代分词。在使用时也可不加区分，但要准

21、确把握其用法，弄清V-ing 形式在句中的作用及意义。v V-ing (或V-ing短语)可在句子中用作主语、表语、宾语、定语和状语等。v 1. 作主语v Knowing how to use computer is useful. 知道怎样使用电脑是很有用的。 徐存善主编 Translating Skillsv Controlling a machine tool using a punched tape or stored program is known as numerical control (NC). 数字控制就是利用穿孔纸带或储存的程序来控制机床。v 2. 作表语v His gr

22、eat fun is chatting with strangers online.v 他最大的乐趣就是在网上和陌生人聊天。v 3. 作宾语v They are considering changing their operation plan. v 他们正在考虑改变操作计划。v The second step in minimizing costs of production is choosing the cheapest of the technical efficient alternatives.v 降低生产成本的第二个措施是选用最便宜的技术上有效地替代品。 徐存善主编 Transl

23、ating Skillsv 4. 作定语v 单个的V-ing 作定语时，常放在被修饰名词的前面（也可放其后）； 但V-ing短语作定语时一般放在被修饰名词的后面。v All moving bodies have energy. 所有运动着的物体都有能量。v A direct current is a current flowing always in the same direction.v 直流电流是指电流总向同一个方向流动的电流。v 5. 状语v V-ing短语作状语时，常表示逐句谓语动词的动作发生的时间、原因、条件、结果、方式、让步、伴随情况等。它们可置于句首、句中或句尾。v Havin

24、g never handled a machine, he met with a lot of difficulties at first.v 由于他从来没开过机器，一开始碰到很多困难。（原因状语）v When measuring current, the circuit must be opened and the meter inserted in series with the circuit or component to be measured. 当测量电流时，必须断开电路，以将万用表与待测电路或元器件相串联。（时间状语） 徐存善主编 Translating Skillsv 6. 做

25、主语或宾语的补足语v We put a hand above an electric fire and feel the hot air rising.v 我们把手放在电炉的上方，就会感觉到热空气在上升。v He found the machine stopping working. 他发现机床停止了转动。v 7. V-ing 的独立主格结构v 多数情况下V-ing形式的逻辑主语和主句的主语相一致，但有时不一致，这时V-ing形式的逻辑主语和V-ing构成其独立结构。v With Mr. Green taking the lead, they decided to set up a tradi

26、ng company.v 以格林先生为首，他们决定成立一个贸易公司。 徐存善主编Reading More Example Program Showing In this particular example，we are milling around the outside of a workpiece contourNotice that we are using a one inch diameter endmill for machining the contour and we are programming the very center of the end millLater，d

27、uring key concept number four，we will discuss a way to actually program the workpiece contour (not the cutter centerline path)While you may not understand all commands given in this program，concentrate on understanding what is happening in the motion commands(G00，G01，and G02G03)With study，you should

28、 be able to see what is happeningMessages in parentheses are provided to document what is happening in each command 徐存善主编 Reading Morev v 在以下具体的例子中，我们将对工件的外形轮廓进行铣削。使用一把直径为一英寸的立铣刀加工轮廓，并以立铣刀的中心为编程轨迹。然后，在关键的第四步，我们会讨论工件轮廓的一种实际的编程方式（而不是刀具中心线轨迹）。尽管你可能不明白这个程序所提供的所有命令，但要集中精力搞清楚运动指令中发生了什么（G00，G01和G02/G03 ）。在

29、学习中，你应该能够搞清楚发生了什么。括号内所提供的信息是程序中每个命令的解释。 徐存善主编 Reading Morev Programv 00002(Program number) v N005 G54 G90$350 M03(Select coordinate system，absolute mode，and start spindle CW at 350 RPM)v N010 G00 X一625 Y一25(Rapid to point 1)v N0 1 5 G43 H0 1 Z一25(Instate tool length compensation，rapid tool down to w

30、ork surface)v N020 G01 X525 F35(Machine in straight motion to point 2)v N025 G03 X625 Y75 R10(CCW circular motion to point 3)v N030 G01 Y325(Machine in straight motion to point 4) 徐存善主编v 程序v O0002(程序号) v N005 G54 G90 S350 M03(选择坐标系，绝对坐标编程，主轴转速顺时针350转每分钟)v N010 G00 X-625 Y-25(快速移动到点1)v N015 G43 H01 Z

31、-25(进行刀具长度补偿，快速移动到工件表面)v N020 G01 X525 F35(刀具直线移动到点2)v N025 G03 X625 Y75 R10(刀具逆时针圆周移动到点3)v N030 G01 Y325(刀具直线移动到点4) 徐存善主编 Reading Morev N035 G03 X525 Y425 R10(CCW circular motion to point 5)v N040 G0 1 X75(Machine in straight motion to point 6)v N045 G03 X一25 Y325 R10(CCW circular motion to point 7

32、)v N050 G0 1 Y75(Machine in straight motion to point 8)v N055 G03 X75 Y一25 R10(CCW circular motion to point 9)v N060 G00 Z1(Rapid away from workpiece in Z)v N065 G91 G28 Z0 (Go to the machines reference point in Z)v N070 M30 (End of program) 徐存善主编v N035 G03 X525 Y425 R10(刀具逆时针圆周移动到点5)v N040 G01 X75(

33、刀具直线移动到点6)v N045 G03 X-25 Y325 R10(刀具逆时针圆周移动到点7)v N050 G01 Y75(刀具直线移动到点8)v N055 G03 X75 Y-25 R10(刀具逆时针圆周移动到点9)v N060 G00 Z1(Z方向上快速离开工件)v N065 G91 G28 Z0(移动到Z方向上机器参考点)v N070 M30(程序结束) 徐存善主编 Reading Morev Keep in mind that CNC controls do vary with regard to limitations with motion typesFor example，so

34、me controls have strict rules governing how much of a full circle you are allowed to make within one circular commandSome require directional vectors for circular motion commands instead of allowing the R wordSome even incorporate automatic corner rounding and chamfering，minimizing the number of mot

35、ion commands that must be givenThough you must be prepared for variations，and you must reference your control manufacturers programming manual to find out more about your machines motion commands，at least this presentation has shown you the basics of motion commands and you should be able to adapt t

36、o your particular machine and control with relative. 徐存善主编v 要注意的是不同的数控系统都有切削进给类型的局限。例如，有些数控系统在一个圆弧进给命令中对允许切削多大的圆有着严格的规定。有些数控系统在圆周命令中要求方向矢量而非R关键字。有些数控系统甚至加上了自动圆角、倒角，最大限度地减少了运动命令的数量。尽管你必须为各种变化做好准备，也必须参考数控系统制造商提供的编程手册中的编程命令，但至少本节内容给你提供了最基本的切削运动编程命令，使你更容易地适应特定的机器和控制系统。 徐存善主编New Words and Phrasesv partic

37、ular ptikjul adj.特殊的，特别的 v contour kntu n轮廓 v diameter daimit n直径 v centerline sentlain n中心线 v parentheses prenisi:z n. 圆括号（parenthesis的复数形式） v document dkjumnt, dkjument n.文件，公文；文档vt.用文件证明v instate insteit vt任命 v compensation ,kmpensein n补偿; 赔偿金；报酬 v limitation ,limitein n限制，局限性 v directional direk

38、nl adj方向的v vector vekt n向量v incorporate ink:preit adj 合并的，一体v.包含，吸收；体现；合并 徐存善主编New Words and Phrases v chamfering tmfri n倒角，切角v minimizing minimaizi n. 数自 极小化；求最小参数值v variation ,vriein n变更，变化v presentation ,prezntein n介绍，陈述v relative reltiv adj. 相对的；有关系的；成比例的v CCW(counterclockwise) 逆时针方向 v circular

39、motion圆周运动 v reference point参考点v keep in mind记住，谨记v vary with随而变化v adapt to适合 徐存善主编v Exercisev Translate the following phrases into English.v 1. 集中 2. 记住 3. 适合 4. 关于 5. 严格的规定 v 6. 代替 7.参考点 8. 圆周运动 9. 编程手册 10. 自动圆角 v 1. concentrate on 2. keep in mind 3. adapt to 4. with regard to v 5. strict rules 6.

40、 instead of 7. reference point 8. circular motion v 9. programming manual 10. automatic corner rounding 徐存善主编v 参考译文v Reading More 数控编程示例数控编程示例v 在以下具体的例子中，我们将对工件的外形轮廓进行铣削。使用一把直径为一英寸的立铣刀加工轮廓，并以立铣刀的中心为编程轨迹。然后，在关键的第四步，我们会讨论工件轮廓的一种实际的编程方式（而不是刀具中心线轨迹）。尽管你可能不明白这个程序所提供的所有命令，但要集中精力搞清楚运动指令中发生了什么（G00，G01和G02/G03 ）。在学习中，你应该能够搞清楚发生了什么。括号内所提供的信息是程序中每个命令的解释。v