词性、句子成分及五种基本句型教案设计

1、实用词性、句子成分、五种基本句型一、词类1 .名词（n.）名词就是名称一 人或事物的名称。具体的人或物体的名称：人名-Mike,Li Ming;地名一 America ,China 动物名-pig,dog; 植物名-tree,wheat.抽象的事物的名称：idea（主意）,victory（胜利J）,knowledge（知识）.2 .代词（pron.）何谓“代”？ “代”是替代的意思，主要是来替代名词，所以说名词和代词关系是很近的，或者说代词的实质就是名 词，正是这种血液关系，绝大多数时候代词跟名词在句中起的作用是一 样的。从英语词汇的整体来看代词数量并不多，如 hetheyshe等3. 动词（

2、v.）动就是动作一人的五官动作：walk（走）,jump（跳）,swim（游泳）；人的大脑动作（心理活 动）:think（ 想）,imagine（想象）.也有些动词是表示静止的， 如：am, is ,教学过程are。4. 形容词（adj.）我们在讲论人或物时，常说：“你描述一下是什 么样子。”你就要用上：tall （高的），short矮的）,black （黑的）,white（白的）这些词往往是修饰名词，它们就是形容词。5. 副词（adv .）说人行走得快慢，讲话清楚，在英语里就要用quickly （快地），slowly （慢地），clearly （清楚地）这些词往往来修 饰动词。它们就是副词。

3、副词很多是从形容词加ly构成的，所以看单词 词尾是否有ly是判断是否是副词的一种方法，但是词尾是ly的也不一定都是副词，可能是形容词，不过只有少量的单词（常见的有likely 、friendly lovely 、lonely 、weekly、monthly、yearly ）,这几个单词需要加强记忆，也不就是几个单词特殊嘛，不过考试往往就考特殊 的，你要小心才是呀！6. 介词（prep.）英语用词里，介词也属于难缠的一个。因为它涉 及方面广，而且变化多端，往往令人捉摸不定，记起来很麻烦。别怕别 怕，大部份介词都不难理解，比较令人头痛的只是下列几个at, by, to,in, for, of, o

4、n, from, with , 其中又以 at, by, in, on 为四 大“难缠”！学习介词就是要抓住这几难缠，还要提醒你的是，介词同 名词“关系”最好，是“铁” 哥们，所以往往你见到介词的地方你就会 见到名词，而且还有一个词类往往和他们两个往往在一起，那就是冠词， 他们三个形成一个“小集团”。介词与动词也有着不可分割的连带关系， 介词经常与动词组成短语动词。7. 连词（conj.）如果我们想把单词与单词、短语与短语、句子与 句子连接起来就要用连词。连词不能单独作句子成分，只能和其他词类 一起作句子成分。常见的连词有： and、but、or、both. and 、 neither.nor

5、 、not only .but also 、when、where、 before、 after 、if 等等8. 冠词（art.）英语中只有三个词：a、an （不定冠词）the （ 定 冠词），简单来说，不定冠词表示泛指，定冠词表示特指，冠词与名词关 系紧密，一般是放在名词之前。冠词也不能单独做主语宾语，只能和名 词、形容词、数词结合作句子成分。9. 数词（num.）顾名思义，跟数字有关的词就是数词。英语中的数 词有两种，基数词和序数词。基数词表示数量，比如：one、two three、 four、five 、six、seven等等，序数词表示顺序，比如：first 、 second thir

6、d 、fourth 、fifth 等等。10. 感叹词（interj.）主要是来表示喜怒哀乐等感情的，比如：oh、ah、well等等，这一词类在十大词类中并不重要，了解即可。练习一一）根据对词类概念的理解，指出下面单词的词性：1. deep 2. finger 3. fly 4. papers 5. pass6. refuse7. size8. spoon 9. delicious10. thick11. town12. map13. myself 14. and15 .on16. sheep 17 .ship 18. mine 19. important 20. an21. catch 22

7、 .first 23. laugh 24. third25. leave26. here27 .fly28. home 29. round30. sing31. blind32. but33. eighth 34. about35. bad36. yours 37. child 38 .against 39. ah 40. with41. cinema 42. Tuesday 43. cheap 44 .advice 45. two46. they 47. able 48. for 49. say 50. quickly51. if答案：形容词：1、9、10、19、29、31、35、43、47

8、动词：3、5、6、21、23、25、27、30、49名词:2、4、7、8、11、12、16、17、3、27、28、37、41、42、44、代词:13、18、36、数词:22、 24、33、冠词:20连词:14、 32、51副词:26、29、50介词:15、34、38、464540、48感叹词：39）判断下列句子中划线单词的词性1 .Mary dances well.2 . His father is reading.3 .Tom is looking for his watch.4 .He often plays violin after school.5 .Mr. Green works i

9、n a university.6 .The teacher taught us English songs.7 .I have had this pen for two years.8 .Nothing can live without water.9 . You may keep this dictionary for two weeks.10 . You can t agree with me .答案：1.副词2.形容词型物主代词3.介词4.副词5.冠词6.名词7.动词8.不定代词/介词9.情态动词10.情态动词、句子成分和简单句的五种基本类型1、成分与词性的关系：词性是一个词语的性质，而

10、成分是词语在不同句 子中的角色，词性是不会改变的，但成分对于同一个词语在不同的句子 中是可以不一样的。如:The boy likes English/ The teacher teaches the boy English.在这两句话中，the boy的词性都是名词，而在第一句话中做主语成分，在第二句话却做宾语的成分。2、成分主语（subject ）:句子说明的人或事物。The sun rises in the east.（名词）He likes dancing.（代词）Twenty years is a short time in history.（数词） Seeing isbelievin

11、g. （动名词）To see is to believe.（不定式）What he needs is a book. （主语从句）It is very clear that the elephant is round and tall like a tree.（It形式主语，主语从句是真正主语）谓语（predicate ）:说明主语的动作、状态和特征。We study English.He is asleep.一、选出句中谓语的中心词.1、I dont like the picture on the wall.A. dont B. like C. picture D.wall2、Do you

12、usually go to school by bus?A. Do B. usually C. go D. bus3、There will be a meeting at the library this afternoon.A. will be B. meeting C. the library D. afternoon4、Did the twins have porridge for their breakfast?A. Did B. twins C. have D. breakfast5、Tom didnt do his homework yesterday.A. Tom B. didn

13、t C. do D. his homework6、Whom did you give my book to?A. give B. did C. whom D. book答案：BCACCA表语（predicative ）:系动词之后的成分，表示主语的性质、状态和特 征。Heis a teacher. （名词） Seventy-four! You don t look it. （代词）Five and five is ten.（数词）He is asleep.（形容词）His father is in.（副词）The picture is on the wall.（ 介词短语）My watch i

14、s gone / missing / lost.（形容词化的分词）To wear a flower is to say I m poor, I can t buy a ring. （不 定式）The question is whether they will come.（表语从句）常见的系动词有：1）表感官的动词：feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem等。2） 表转变变化的动词：become, get, grow, turn, go, 等3）表延续的动词 remain, keep, hold, stay, rest 等4） be动词It so

15、unds a good idea.Her voice sounds sweet.The food smells delicious.The door remains open.一、挑出下列句中的表语The sound sounds strange.Tom looks thin.The food tastes good.Now I feel tired.1、The old man was feeling very tired.2、The leaves have turned yellow.3、They look beautiful.4、She was the first one.答案：tired

16、 yellow beautiful the first one宾语：1）动作的承受者-动宾I like China. （名词）He hates you.（代词）How many do you need? We need two.（数词）We should help the old and the poor. I enjoy working with you.（动名词）I hope to see you again.（不定式）Did you write down what hesaid?（宾语从句）2 ）介词后的名词、代词和动名词-介宾Are you afraid of the snake? U

17、nder the snow, there are many rocks.3 ）双宾语-问宾（指人）和直宾（指物）He gave mea book yesterday.Give the poor mansomemoney.二、选出下列句中的宾语1、My brother hasnt done his homework.A B C D2、People all over the world speak English.A B C D3、The old man said he was ill.A B C4、You will find the museum on the left.A B C5、 You

18、will find it useful after you leave school.A B C6、They didnt know Tom.A B C答案：DDCBBC五、拓展训练 一、划出句中的直接宾语和间接宾语. Please tell us a story. My father bought a new bike for me last week. Mr. Li is going to teach us history next term. Here is a pen. Give it to Tom. Did he leave any message for me?答案： 直宾：a st

19、ory/a new bike/history/ it/message 问宾： us/me/us/Tom/me宾补：对宾语的补充，全称为宾语补足语。Weelected him monitor. （名词）Weall think it a pity that she didn t come here. （名）Wewill makethem happy.（形容词）We found nobody in.（ 副词）Please make yourself at home. 介词短语） Don t let him do that.（省to不定式）His father advised him to teach

20、 the lazy boy a lesson.（带 to不定式）Don t keep the lights burning. （现在分词） I ll have my bike repaired.（过去分词）选出下列句中的宾语补足语1、He asked her to take the boy out of school.A BC2、They call me Lily sometimes.A B C3、I saw Mr. Wang get on the bus.A B C4、Did you see Li Ming playing football on the playground ?A BC答案

21、：CCCC定语：修饰或限制名词或代词的词、词组或句子。Ai Yanling is a chemistry teacher. （名词） He is our friend. （代 词）Webelong to the third world.（数词）He was advised to teachthe lazy boy a lesson. （形容词）The man over there is my old friend.（ 副词）The woman with a baby in her arms is my sister.（介词）The boys playing football are in Cl

22、ass 2.（现在分词）The trees planted last year are growing well now.（过去分词）I have an idea to do it well.（不定式）You should doeverything that I do.（定语从句）二、选出下列句中的定语1、What is your English name?A B C2、The man downstairs is sleeping.A B C3、I am waiting for the tall boy.AB C4、The old man is 90 years old.A B C答案：CBB

23、A状语：用来修饰v., adj., adv., or 句子。表示时间、地点、原因、目的、结果、程度、条件、方式和让步。 （以 下例句按上述顺序排列）I will go there tomorrow. The meeting will be held in the meeting room.The meat went bad because of the hot weather. He studies hard to learn English well.He didn t study hard so that he failed in the exam. I like someof you v

24、ery much.If you study hard, you will pass the exam. He goes to school bybike.Though he is young, he can do it well.选出下列句中的状语.1、Tom runs fast.A B C2、There was a big smile on her face.A B C3、Every night he heard the noise .A B C4、He began to learn English when he was eleven.AB C5、She loves the library

25、 because she loves books.A B C答案：CCACC五种基本句型1 .主语 + 不及物动词 She came . / My head aches.2 .主语 + 及物动词 +宾语She likes English.3 .主语 + 系动词+表语She is happy.4 .主语 +双宾动词 +间接宾语 +直接宾语She gave John abook. She bought a book for me.5 .主语+宾补动词+ 宾语 + 宾语补语She makes hermother angry .主（语）+谓（语）此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整

26、的意思. 这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词，介词短语，状语从句等，但不 能直接加宾语。1. The sun | was shining.太阳在照耀着.2. The moon | rose. 月亮升起了 .3. What he said | does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系.4. They | talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时.5. The pen | writes smoothly.这支笔书写流禾.主语+谓语+宾语此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作， 但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才

27、能使意 思完整.这类动词叫做及物动词.1. Who | knows | the answer ? 谁知道答案？2. He | enjoys| reading.他喜欢看书.3. He | admits | that he was mistaken. 他承认犯了错误.主（语）+系（动词）+表（语）此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的 意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思.这类动词叫做连系动词。1. This | is | an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典.2. The dinner | sme

28、lls I good.午餐的气味很好.3. His face | turned | red.他的脸红了4. Everything | looks | different.一切看来都不同了 .5. He I is growing | tall and strong.他长得又高又壮.主语+谓语+宾语（somebody） +宾语（something）（双宾）此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完 整的意思.这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承 受者.通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动 作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略.文档1.

29、 She | ordered | herself | a new dress.她给自己定了套新衣,、乙裳.2. I | showed | him | my pictures. 我给他看我的照片.3. He | bought | you | a dictionary.他给你买了一本字典.4. I | told | him | that the bus was late.我告诉他汽车晚点了 .5. He I showed | me | how to run the machine.他教我开机器.主语+谓语+宾语 +宾语补足语此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还 不能表达

30、完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完 整.1. They | painted | the door | green.他们把门漆成绿色.2. They | found | the house | deserted.他们发现那房子无人居住,3. What | makes | him | think so ? 他怎么会这样想？.4. We | saw | him | out.我们送他出去.5. He | asked | me | to come back soon.他要我早点回来.6. I | saw | them | getting on the bus at that tim

31、e. 我看见他们 当时在上了那辆公共汽车.练习：判断下列句子的句型1.She was short2.I can t stand the heat.1 .I sent you an E-mail. 4.It cost me three dollars5 .You can leave the door open. 6.He speaks English .7 .Teachers will make your English better.8 .That will save you a lot of time9 .They found the dead boy. 10.They found the

32、boy dead.11.I found the book easily.12.Tom took Jim a book.13.I always find her happy14.He said he didnt come.15.They love each other.答案：1.主系表2.主谓宾3.主谓双宾4.主谓双宾5.主谓宾宾补6.主谓宾7.主谓宾宾补8.主谓双宾9.主谓宾10.主谓宾宾补11.主谓宾12.主谓双宾13.主谓宾宾补14.主谓宾15.主谓宾课堂 总结课后 作业练习一找出卜间句子中的主语、系动词及表语，并指出主语和表语分别是 由什么词性或词类来充当的。1. Tom is a st

33、udent.2. He is fat.3. I am tired .4. We are students.5. The bag was lost .6. The boy was foolish .7. They were kind.8. She is in the room.9. The books are on the desk.10. Snow is white.句子比较简单，答案就不呈现了练习二一判断下列句子是主谓结构还是主谓宾结构，如果是主谓宾结构请指 出是由什么词性充当的宾语（名词、代词、动词不定式、doing等等）1 .He arrived yesterday.2 .The boy is crying loudly.3 .She died in 2000.4.The man disappeared in the street.5.I like music.6.She wanted some help7.1 slept we