基本常用测绘英语

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上测绘专业最常用英语(软件开发特别版) 总结：Kiseigo 2008.08.22eve来自：测绘工程专业英语 尹晖 主编 武汉大学出版社 2005年1月第一版一 基础篇1. 概率 What is Geomatics?geomatics 测绘学geodesy 大地测量学surverying and mapping 测绘fieldwork 外业工作theodolite 经纬仪allowance 容许误差latitude 纬度longitude 经度meridian 子午线gravity 重力curvature 曲率geoid 大地水准面2. 大地测量和平面测量 Geode

2、tic Surveying and Plane Surveyinggeodetic surveying 大地测量(学)plane surveying 平面测量control survey 控制测量vertical survey 高程测量topographic survey 地形测量detail survey 碎部测量land survey 地籍测量route survey 路线测量hydrographic survey 水道测量marine survey 海洋测量mine survey 矿山测量geological survey 地质测量Multiple channel 多通道dual-fre

3、quency sounder 双频Single Frequency Depth Sounder 单频multibeam echosounding 多波束3. 距离测量 Distance Measurementfundamental 基本原则，基本原理revolution n.旋转stadia n. 视距，视距仪器telescope 望远镜terrain n. 地形infrared adj. 红外线的electronic distance measurement 电子测距仪distance measuring instrumentdistance-measuring error 测距误差fixe

4、d error 固定误差proportional error 比例误差sighting distance 视距multiplication constant 乘常数addition constant 加常数tape 卷尺4. 角度和方向测量 Angle and Direction Measurementprojection n.投影radius n. 半径，范围compass 罗盘，指南针clockwise adj. 顺时针方向的counterclockwise adj. 反时针方向的compensator n. 补偿器azimuth n. 方位，方位角bearing n. 方向，方位hori

5、zontal angle 水平角vertical angle 垂直角elevation angle 高度角5. 导线测量 Traversingtraverse n. 导线traversing 导线测量law of sines 正弦定律law of cosine 余弦定律terminate v. 停止evenly adv. 均匀地control network 控制网control point 控制点forward intersection 前方交会6. 高程测量的方法 Methods of Elevation Deteminationelevation 海拔reference datum 参考

6、基准面Huanghai vertical datum of 1956 1956黄海高程系统national vertical datum of 1985 1985国家高程基准direct leveling, spirit leveling 几何水准测量BM (benchmark) 水准基点 level rod 水准尺level 水准仪backsight (BS) 后尺foresight (FS) 前尺height of instrument (HI) 仪器高height of target (HT) 目标高elevation difference 高差annexed leveling line

7、 附合水准路线closed leveling line 闭合水准路线spur leveling line 支水准路线elevation of sight 视线高程optical level 光学水准仪electronic level 电子水准仪automatic level, compensator level 自动安平水准仪laser level 激光水准仪7. 全站仪 Robotic Total Stationprism 棱镜instrument of geomatics engineering 测绘仪器geodetic instrument 大地测量仪器optical theodolit

8、e 光学经纬仪total station 全站仪geo-robot 测量机器人data recorder 电子手簿，数据采集器data transfer 数据转换8. 测量误差 Erros in Measurementlaw of probability 概率论theory of error 误差理论true error 真误差observation error 观测误差instrumental error 仪器误差personal error 人为误差gross error 粗差systematic error 系统误差random error, accident error 随即误差，偶然

9、误差probable error 或然误差constant error 常差average error 平均误差absolute error 绝对误差relative error 相对误差error of closure, closing error, closure 闭合差error propagation, propagation of error 误差传播error test 误差检验gross error detection 粗差检验tolerance 限差limit error 极限误差error of focusing 调焦误差index error of vertical cir

10、cle 竖盘指标差9. 随机误差的基本统计分析 Basic Statistical Analysis of Random Errorsstatistical adj. 统计的，统计学的mean n. 平均数stochastic adj.随机的irregular adj. 不规则的probability n. 概率，可能性normal n. 正态divisor n. 除数，约数rationale n.基本原理error distribution 误差分布most probable value (MPV) 最或然值expectation, expected value 期望值index of pr

11、ecision 精度指标variance 方差standard deviation 标准差mean square error (MSE) 中误差mean square error of a point 点位中误差mean square error of azimuth 方位角中误差mean square error of cordinate 坐标中误差mean square error of height 高程中误差variance of unit weight 单位权方差，方差因子error ellipse 误差椭圆10. 准确度和精确度 Accuracy and Precisionaccu

12、racy n. 准确precision n. 精确calibrate v. 校准methodology n. 方法论11. 最小二乘法 Least-Squares Adjustmentadjustment n.平差parameter n.参数least square method 最小二乘法least-squares adjustment 最小二乘平差function model 函数模型stochastic model 随机模型redundant observation 多余观测variance 方差covariance 协方差normal equation 法方程conditional 条

13、件平差direct adjustment 直接平差condition equation 条件方程parametric adjustment 参数平差indirection adjustment 间接平差adjusted value 平差值inverse of weight matrix 权逆矩阵weight coefficient 权系数geoidal undulation 大地水准面高earths flattening地球扁率12. 大地测量学的概念 Geodesy Conceptsvery long baseline interferometry (VLBI) 甚长基线干涉测量13. 大地

14、水准面和参考椭球 Geoid and Reference Ellipsoidmean sea level (MSL) 平均海水面reference ellipsoid 参考椭球semi-major axis of ellipsoid 椭球长半轴semi-minor axis of ellipsoid 椭球短半轴orthometric heights (H) 正高geodetic height, ellipsoidal height (h) 大地高geoidal height, geoid undulation (N) 大地水准面高,大地水准面差距quasi-geoid 似大地水准面normal

15、 height 正常高height anomaly 高程异常Geodetic Reference System 1980 (GRS80) 1980大地测量参考系统Krasovsky ellipsoid 克拉索夫斯基椭球14. 坐标转换 Datums, Coordinatesgeodetic datum 大地基准geodetic coordinate 大地坐标geodetic origin 大地原点geodetic latitude 大地纬度geodetic longitude 大地经度world geodetic system 1984 (WGS-84) 1984世界大地坐标系rectangu

16、lar grid 直角坐标网independent coordinate system 独立坐标系coordinate conversion 坐标转换translation parameters 平移参数rotation parameters 旋转参数scale parameter 尺度参数Xian Geodetic Coordinate System 1980 1980西安坐标系15. 地图投影 Map Projectionmap projection 地图投影arbitrary projection 任意投影conformal projection 正形投影Mercator project

17、ion/ Mercators projection 墨卡托投影transverse projection 横轴投影Universal Transverse Mercator (UTM) 通用横轴墨卡托投影Lambert projection/ Lambers projection 兰勃特投影16. 重力测量 Gravity Measurementgravity measurement 重力测量law of universal gravitation 万有引力定律centrifugal force 离心力gravitational constant 重力常数gravimeter, gravity

18、 meter 重力仪17. 大地网的最佳解决方案 Optimal Design of Geomatics Networkspecification n. 规格，说明书，规范sensitivity n. 灵敏度deformation n. 变形18. 施工测量 Construction Layoutengineering survey 工程测量construction control network 施工控制网deformation observation变形观测reliability 可靠性construction survey 施工测量setting-out survey, construc

19、tion layout 施工放样road engineering survey 道路工程测量cross section 横断面profile survey 纵断面测量19. 变形监测Deformation monitoring of Engineering Structuredeformation monitoring(observation) 变形监测(观测)displacement observation 位移观测settlement (subsidence) observation 沉陷观测二高级篇20-21. 了解GPS Understanding the GPSionosphere

20、电离层troposphere 对流层antenna 天线GPS (global positioning system) 全球定位系统GPS receiver GPS接收机broadcast ephemeris 广播星历precise ephemeris 精密星历precise code 精码pseudorange 伪距ionospheric delay 电离层延迟tropospheric delay 对流层延迟multipath effect 多路径效应reference receiver 基准接收机roving receiver 流动接收机receiver antenna 接收机天线real

21、-time kinematic (RTK) 实时动态定位differential GPS (DGPS) 差分GPSdifferential correction 差分改正post-processed differential correction 后处理差分改正22. 各种卫星系统 Competition in Space OrbitGlobal Navigational Satellite System (GNSS) 全球导航卫星系统GLONASS (GLObal Navigation Satellite System) 全球导航卫星系统(俄)GALILEO 伽利略系统satellite c

22、lock 卫星钟dual-frequency 双频precise positioning service (PPS) 精密定位服务standard position service (SPS) 标准定位服务geo-synchronous satellite 地球同步卫星23-25. GIS基础 GIS BasicsGIS (geographic information system) 地理信息系统raster n. 光栅vector n. 向量，矢量image data 图像数据vector data 矢量数据raster data 栅格数据data capture 数据采集data clas

23、sification 数据分类data compression 数据压缩data transmission 数据传输digital terrain model (DTM) 数字地面模型digital elevation model (DEM) 数字高程模型27. 摄影测量的发展 Developments of Photogrammetryaerial photogrammetry 航空摄影测量homologous points 同名点image point 像点picture element / pixel 像素intensity value 强度值，亮度值relative orientati

24、on 相对定向absolute orientation 绝对定向block adjustment 区域网平差image rectification 影像纠正digital raster graph DRG 数字栅格图29. RS应用 Digital Image Processing and Its Applications in RSdigital image processing 数字图像处理digital image 数字影像optical image 光学影像gray value 灰度值grey level 灰度等级image analysis 图像分析image processing

25、图像处理image transformation 图像变换image coding 图像编码image correlation 影像相关image digitization 图像数字化image matching 影像匹配image overlaying 影像重合32. interferometry 干涉测量interometry SAR 干涉雷达常用数学表达1/2 a half; one half1/4 a fourth; a quarter; one quarter1/1234 one over a thousand, two hundred and thirty-four x squar

26、e; x squared; x to the second power x cube; x cubed; x to the third power the nth power of x; x to the power of n y to the minus tenth power1:2 the ratio of one to two b prime b double prime; b second prime b sub one the first derivative of func square root of a plus or minus= is equal to; equals equal(s) to or less than equal(s) to or larger than a is approximately equal to b (a approximately equals b)a + b = c a plus b is (are; equals; is equal to ) c(a + b c×d) / e = f a plus b minus c multiplied by d, all divided by equals to fa