专八改错技巧

1、词法错误句法错误语篇错误Proofreading and error correction词法错误1.冠词2.名词3.代词4.介词及固定搭配5.形容词和副词的比较结构6.情态动词7.用词混淆1、三类常见冠词错误、三类常见冠词错误la. 冠词误用lb. 冠词冗余lc. 冠词缺失出现频率较高!a. 冠词误用l09年真题lThe previous section has shown how quickly a rhyme passes from one schoolchild to the next and illustrates the further difference between sch

2、ool lore and nursery lore.lthe further difference a further differenceb. 冠词冗余2010真题lSimilarly, we have no reason to doubt that the Eskimo language could be as precise and subtle on the subject of motor manufacture or cricket if these topics formed the part of the Eskimos life.lThe 去掉thelLanguage the

3、 languagec. 冠词缺失l2007年真题lWe may say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement are largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, whereas language proper does not consist of signs but of these that have to be learnt and that are wholly conventional.lto large extent to a large extent2. 名词的

4、数名词的数lpaper-paperslsafe-safeslglass-glasseslwood-woodslwork-workslfather-in-law-fathers-in-law近年，出现频率较低2004 年真题lCongressional investigations nevertheless represent one important tool available to lawmakers to inform the citizenry and to arouse public interests in national issues.linterests-interest3

5、、两类常见代词错误、两类常见代词错误la. 代词误用lb. 代词冗余出现频率较高出现频率较高a. 代词误用代词误用l2009lIn nursery lore a verse, learnt in early childhood, is not usually passed on again when the little listener has grown up, and has children of their own, or even grandchildren. The period between learning a nursery rhyme and transmitting

6、it may be something from twenty to seventy years.ltheir-his (2013-7)lsomething-anything (2013-8)b. 代词冗余代词冗余l2006lWe take it for granted the two most common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing).lit 删除4、 介词及固定搭配介词及固定搭配la. 介词误用lb. 介

7、词冗余lc. 介词缺失出现频率极高！出现频率极高！a. 介词误用介词误用2008lOthers favored the adoption of Greek, though, as one man put it, things would certainly be simpler for Americans if they stuck on to English and made the British learn Greek. At the end, as everyone knows, the two countries adopted the practical and satisfact

8、ory solution of carrying the same language as before.lat-in (in the end)a. 介词误用介词误用l2006lThe English speakers has in his disposal a vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles, to the other English speakers.lin-at (at o

9、nes disposal)a. 介词误用介词误用l2005lAnd until they were stopped by the antitrust authorities, the Ivy League schools colluded（密谋） to limit competition for the best students, by agreeing not to award scholarship on the basis of merit rather than purely of need-just like business firms agreeing not to give

10、discounts on their best customer.lon-to (give discounts to) l2012-5b. 介词冗余介词冗余l2010lThe English language will be just as rich in terms for different kinds of snow if the environments in which English was habitually used made such distinctions as important.las 删除 （made such distinctions important）l20

11、11lI knew that I had a facility with words and a power of facing in unpleasant facts, l去掉in; face 面对 face up 勇敢地面对c. 介词缺失介词缺失l2010lThat is, every language appears to be well equipped as any other to say the things their speakers want to say.lbe 后面加asl2012-15、形容词和副词的比较结构、形容词和副词的比较结构主要为比较级和最高级误用主要为比较级

12、和最高级误用l出现频率较高出现频率较高l2006lHis vocabulary, in particular, both that which he uses actively and that which he recognizes, increases in size as he grows old as a result of education and experience.lold-olderl2003lFrom the 1940s through the early 1960s, Americans married at a high rate and at a younger a

13、ge than their Europe counterparts.lhigh-higher6、情态动词、情态动词lIn social situations, the classic Intention Movement is “the chair-grasp” （抓板凳）. Host and guest have been talking for some time, but now the host has an appointment to keep and can get away.lcan-must7、用词混淆、用词混淆la. 词义混淆lb. 词性混用lc. 其他混淆la. 词义混淆

14、词义混淆l2010lThe Eskimos, it is said, can speak about snow with further more precision and subtlety than we can in English, but this is not because the Eskimos language (one of those sometimes mis-called primitive) is inherently.lfurther-much或者去掉lb. 词性混用词性混用l2003lFrom the 1940s through the early 1960s,

15、 Americans married at a high rate and at a younger age than their Europe counterparts.lEurope - Europeanlc. 其他混淆其他混淆l2010lThis example does not come to light a defect in English, a show of unexpected “primitiveness”.lcome-bring (bring to light 发现、揭露）词法错误句法错误语篇错误Proofreading and error correction句法错误1

16、、时态和语态2、 主谓一致3、 定语从句和名词性从句4、 非谓语动词5、 It-句型6、 虚拟语气7、 倒装1、时态和语态、时态和语态l出现频率不高l2002lWe begin the “natural” learning of pronunciation long before we start learning to read or write, and in our early years we went on unconsciously imitating and practicing the pronunciation of those around us for many more

17、 hours per every day than we ever have to spend learning even our difficult English spelling.lwent-gol2012-42、主谓一致、主谓一致l出现频率不高l2006lthe English speaker has in his disposal a vocabulary and a set of grammatical rules which enables him to communicate his thoughts and feelings, in a variety of styles,

18、o the other English speakers.lenables-enablel2013-73、定语从句和名词性从句、定语从句和名词性从句l一个常考常新的考点注意点：l1）定语从句分限定性和非限定性两种l2）关于that 和which 的区别l2008lAt the same time the United States split off from Britain, for example, there were proposals that independence should be linguistically accepted by the use of a differe

19、nt language from those of Britain.ltime 后面加上whenl2007lWe may say that the cries of pain or chortles of amusement are largely reflex actions, instinctive to large extent, whereas language proper does not consist of signs but of these that have to be learnt and that are wholly conventional.lthese-thos

20、el2005lThe rise in tuition may reflect the fact economic uncertainty increases the demand for education.lfact 后面加that4、非谓语动词、非谓语动词l非谓语动词的三种形式：l to do 不定式l doing 动名词l done 分词l考试出现频率极高主要错误：l1. 句子中出现两个谓语l2. 动名词与不定式误用l3. 分词的误用l接不定式做宾语的动词：agree, advise, care, choose, consent, decide, determine, desire, e

21、xpect, fail, happen, hesitate, hope, learn, manage, offer, prepare, pretend, promise, propose, refuse, resolve, want, wish等l接动名词做宾语的动词：admit, appreciate, avoid, complete, consider, deny, detest, dislike, endure, enjoy, envy, escape, excuse, fancy, feel like, finish, forgive, give up, go on, cant hel

22、p, imagine, insist on, involve, keep, keep on, leave off, mention, mind, miss, postpone, praise, practise, put off, quit, recollect, report, resent, resist, risk, stand, stop, suggest, think, understand等。l2007lFrom what has been said, it must be clear that no one can make very positive statements ab

23、out how language originated. There is no material in any language today and in the earliest records of ancient language show us language in a new and emerging state.lshow-showingl2006lEach of us shares with the community in which we live a store of words and meanings as well as agreeing conventions

24、as to the way in which words should be arranged to convey a particular message.lagreeing-agreed5、It-句型句型l2010lThere may or may not be appropriate to talk about primitive peoples or cultures, but that is another matter.lThere-It Grammar errorsl1. A smile can be observed, described, and reliably ident

25、ify, and it can also be elicited and manipulated under experimental conditions.l2. A musical genius, John Cage is noted for his highly unconventional ideas, and he respected for his unusual compositions and performances.l3. Chocolate is prepared by a complex process of cleaning, blend and roasting c

26、ocoa beans, which must be ground and mixed with sugar.l4. Several million points on the human body registers either cold, heat, pain, or touch.l5. In the 1800s store owners sold everything from a needle to a plow, trust everyone, and never took inventory.l6. Human beings are social animals whom usua

27、lly prefer not to live in physical or psychological isolation.l7. It estimated that only about thirty percent of our planets surface consists of land.l8. If television had been invented a thousand years ago, will nations be significantly more homogeneous than they are now?l9. The St. Lawrence Seaway

28、, which runs between British Columbia and New York, has completed by the United States and Canada in 1959.l10. Film directors can take far great liberties in dealing with concepts of time and space than stage directors can.词法错误句法错误语篇错误Proofreading and error correction衔接错误语义错误语篇错误l1. 衔接错误l2006lWe take it for granted the two most common forms of transmission-by means of sounds produced by our vocal organs (speech) or by visual signs (writing).lor-andl2004lMost committee h