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1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上外研版八年级英语下册知识点总结 M 11.重要语法:感官性系统词: feel(摸起来)、look(看起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)sound(听起来),接形容词作表语,不能接副词。构成疑问句或否定句要借助助动词。 The silk dress feels soft. The flowers look very beautiful.Does it smell
2、160;nice?The song doesn't sound be noisy.2. What a delicious smell!多么香啊!感叹句结构:对名词或名词短语感叹用whatWhat+ a/an+形容词+单数可数名词+ (主语+谓语)! What an interesting book it is!What+形容词+不可数名词/复数名词+ (主语+谓语)!What bad weather
3、 it is today!What good students they are!、对形容词、副词或动词感叹用howHow +形容词/副词+主语+语!How fast he is running!How delicious it smells!3. I'm afraid+句子:恐怕. I'm afraid he has no time today.4.
4、be done做好了 Is your homework done?你的作业做好了吗?5.have a try试一试;尝一尝6.have a sweet tooth喜好甜食7.thanks for+名词/动词-ing = thank you for+名词/动词-ing因.而感谢你。 Thanks for your help.=Thanks for helping me .Thank you for
5、inviting me to your party.8.hear from.=get /receive a letter from.收到.的来信9.can't wait to do sth.迫不及待去做某事 I can't wait to see you.10.人+ spend+时间(in) doing sth。=It takes +人+时间+to d
6、o sth.某人花费多少时间做某事He spent two days (in) reading the novel.=It took him two days to read the novel.11. too也(置于肯定句末,前加逗号)also也(置于肯定句中be或情态动词之后)as well也(置于肯定句末,前不加逗号) either 也(否定句句末,前加逗号)12.be proud of.= take pride in.
7、以.为豪 My parents are proud of me.13. How do you feel about+名词、动词-ing? =What do you think of+名词、动词-ing? 你觉得.怎么样?How do you feel about the film?= What do you think of
8、the film? How do you feel about coming to China?=What do you think of coming to China?14.be afraid of+名词、动词-ing 害怕.I am afaid of dog/ going out at night.be afraid
9、160;of doing sth.=be afraid to do sth.害怕做某事She is afraid of sleeping alone at night.= She is afraid to sleep alone at night.15.-What does sb. look like?某人长得怎么样(问外表)-sb. be sho
10、rt/tall/young/ pretty.(-What is sb like? 某人性格怎么样? (问性格或品质 )-sb. is quiet/nice/strict/kind.-What does your English teacher look like? -He is tall-What is your English teacher like?-He is stri
11、ct but friendly. M 21. 重要语法:现在完成时:描述过去已经、曾经或还没有做过某事的经历体验,对现在造成的影响。结构: have/has +动词过去分词- (否定) haven't/hasn't +动词过去分词含义: 已经/曾经做过./还没有做过.标志词: already、 ever、never、 yet、 just 等。He has alread
12、y finished his homework他已经完成了作业。(可以交作业了)We haven't had dinner yet.我们还没有吃晚饭。(我们现在饿)Have you ever entered a speaking competition?你参加过演讲比赛吗? 2. enter a competition = take part in a competition参加
13、竞赛3.help sb.(to) do sth.帮助某人做某事He often helps me learn English.3. afford sth.买得起某物 I can't afford the new bike. afford to do sth.付得起钱去做某事4. =have enough money to buy sth.She c
14、an't afford to go to school.她没钱去上学。5. stop to do sth.= stop and then do sth.停下来去做某事 stop doing sth.停止做某事I'm tired. Let's stop to have a rest.我累了让我们停下来休息一下吧!It's time for class now
15、,Let's stop talking.上课了!让我们别讲话了!6.make up编写 make up a story编故事make it/them up(代词要放中间)7.invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事8.fifteen-year-old 十五岁的 (复合形容词中的名词不能加s,作定语)fifteen years old十五岁 (短语,不能作定语,常作表语)He is fifteen
16、160;years old.=He is a fifteen-year-old boy.9.at the moment = now此刻 (常用于现在进行时中)10.have/has been to+某地: 曾经去过某地(人已经回来,常与次数连用) have/has gone to +某地: 到某地去了(人未回,不能与次数连用)have/has been in +某地: 在某地呆/逗留(常与for +时间段连用)Eg: I have
17、60;been to Hong Kong twiceHe isn't here now. He has gone to the USA.We have been in China for 20 years.11.be different from.与.不同12.find it+形容词+to do sth.发现做某事是.的(it是形式宾语,代后面不定式) I
18、160;find it easy to learn maths.我发现学数学很容易。Tony finds it hard to speak Chinese.托尼发现说汉语很难。13.so far到目前为止(常用于现在完成时) So far I have learnt 3,000 English words.14.all over the world = around the w
19、orld全世界15. count down倒数 M 31.already已经(常用于现在完成时肯定句中或句末) I have already known him yet尚,还(常用于现在完成时否定句或疑问句末) Has it arrived yet?just 刚刚(常用于现在完成时肯定句中) They have just arrived.2.What are your up&
20、#160;to? = What are you doing?你在忙什么?3.I'm not sure how to make it.=I'm not sure how I can make it.4.That'swhy .那就是.的原因了。5,in order to+动词原形:为了.so that+句子=in order that+句子:为了. He
21、160;works so hard in order to get the best score. He works so hard so that (in order that) he can get the best score.6.there is- (现在完成时形式) there has been已经有/存在there are- -(现在完
22、成时形式)there have been已经有/存在=There have been many buildings in village since 15 years ago.7.go around .围绕.转8.none of +名词复数/宾格+动词(单/复形):.没有一个(指人也指物) no one +动词(单)= nobody(仅指人,不与of连用,常用于who提出的问题) None of the s
23、tudents know(s) the anwer. 没有-个学生知道答案。 How many people are there in the room?-None.一个也没有. No one knows the answer. 没有人(强调有没有人)9.be called.被称为.10.a small part of. 的一小部分municate w.t.联系 &
24、#160;12.finish doing sth. 完成做某事13.write back回信M 4重要语法:1.现在完成时(二):描述一个动作或状态从过去持续到现在乃至将来有多长时间。常与“for+时间段/since+时间点”、so far、recently (最近)、in the last 10 years(最近十年)等表示持续的时间连用,也用于how long问句中。I have learnt English for 6 years.
25、0; He has lived here since he was born.China has changed a lot in the last 30 years. How long have you learntEnglish?特别注意:在现在完成时(二)中,与“for+时间段/since+时间点”或how long问句中,动词必须为可延续性动词(&
26、#160;learn, stay, live .)不能为短暂性动词(buy,borrow,die.),若为短暂性动词则要转换成延续性动词或短语。如:buy-have borrow-keep/have leave-be away die-be dead come/go/reach- be in join/take part in-be in .I have bought the bike for 3 days.(buy
27、为短暂性动词,不能与for +时间段连用)(错误)I have had/kept the bike for 3 days.(buy改为延续性动词have)2.(问) - How long.?多. (答) -For +时间段/since+时间点。 How long have you been like this?你这样多久了?I have been ill for
28、60;about three days.我生病大约三天了3.catch a cold感冒 have a fever发烧take one's temperature测量某人的体温 do exercise锻炼 fast food快餐 not usually不经常three times a day一天三次4. be harmful to .有害 Playing computer games is
29、0;harmful to your eyes.5.by doing.通过做.decide (not) to do sth.决心(不)做某事 6.in excellent/bad condition身体状况良好/差 7.ride to work=go to work by bike骑车上班8.arrive at/in = get to= reach到达 9.wit
30、h a smile on one's face 面带笑脸10.go for a run去跑步 11.feel awful 感到不适 12.all over 浑身;遍及13.to.太.而不能. The boy is too young to go to school14.choose sb. to do sth.选择某人去干某事
31、0;15.On the way在路上 M 51.It's time to do sth.=It's time for(名词) sth.该做某事的时候了。 It's time to have class.=It's time for class.2.play games 做游戏 fly through 飞越 climb u
32、p爬上3.fight (fought fought) sb.打某人fight with sb.与某人打架fight for.为.而.战5. I want to be someone like him我想成为想他那样的人。5. keep doing something不断做某事 keep sb.doing sth.让某人一直做某事 keep /stop sb from doing sth.阻止某人做某事 Keep trying, and
33、you'll succeed (成功) 不断尝试,你就会成功!6.can't help doing sth. 情不自禁做某事 She couldn't help crying when she heard the news.I can't help missing you when I see the photos.The
34、160;lttle boy can't help dancing with the rock music.7. over=more than超过8.win the heart of sb. 赢得某人的心 The boy won the heart of the beautiful girl. .9.make a terrible mess 弄得一团糟10.ex
35、pect to do sth.期待做某事 I expect to see you soon.11.ever since +句子(-般过去时)常用于现在完成时) We have known each other ever since we were young.12.in the 1980s 在二十世纪八十年代 in 1980 在1980年(没有the和s)13.find rea
36、l life hard to understand= find it hard to understand real hard 发现现实生活难以理解find +宾格+形容词+ to do.Find it +形容词+to do+宾格 : 发现做.是.的14. as well as=with/and also和;以及;也; .样好 He can speak English as w
37、ell as French.他会说英语,也会说法语。 Tony as well as his parents lives in China now.托尼和他的父母住在国。(动词要根据就远原则,与as well as前的主语人称和数一致)I can speak English as well as him.我的英语说得想他一样好。e to life 复活/恢复生气16.be popular with
38、 sb. 收到某人的欢迎17.几种时态区别: 一般现在时一般过去时现在完成时标志词Often,usuallySometimes,Yesterday ,just now,last week/year.Already,yet,just, never.,.for+时间段、since+时间点,so far, recently.概念经常发生或习惯性地动作过去发生的动作或状态已经或曾经干过某事,对现在的影响过去发生的动作持续到现在或将来有多久动词形式原形/单三过去式have/has+过去分词 M 61. take up占据(空间/时间) The desk
39、took up too much room. Playing computer games has taken up most of his time.从事 He took up art at school.他在学校教美术。2. find somewhere to sit down找地方坐下3.a bit of +不可数名词 = a little +不可数名词a bi
40、t of food/ orange juice.a bit of a mess有点乱a bit +形容词/副词= a little a bit tired/hungry.区别: not a bit:一点也不 not a little:很/非常4.must一定(表推测) It must be really valuable.他一定很值钱。5. as+ (形
41、容词/副词)原级+as: .一样. He is as tall as his brother.否定: not as/so.as. .不如. Tom is not as tall as his brother.6. in one's life 在(某人)一生中7.make sb./sth. +动词原形: 使某人/某物做某事8. Don't make
42、160;me laugh 类似: make/let sb./sth.+动词原形: 使/让某人/某物做某事9.grow as a person长大成人10.some other.另外- -些.11.develop one's interest 培养某人的兴趣12.as well as = besides除了之外,还包括 As well as Tom, his parents came to
43、 the party.13.encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人做某事e out出版;外出;15.as a result結果 as a result of. 由于-because of- He didn't work hard, as a result, he didn't pass the exam.16.be int
44、erested in+名词/动词-ing 对.感兴趣 I am very interested in maths. Are you interested in dancing.17.sb. spend+时间+doing sth. 某人花費多少时间做某事。= It takes sb.+时间+ to do sth.He usually spends lots of ti
45、me playing computer games. It usually takes him lots of time to play computer game. M 71.prepare for. 为.做准各= get ready for2.make a list of.列.的清単3.get.ready 把.准各好4. It
46、60;sounds crazy.听起来很荒唐。5.I don't know what to take. (简单句) =I don't know what I should take. (复合句)7. at the end of.在.的尽头/结尾7. ls 200 dollars enough? (金銭、时间、距离做主语吋,视作单数) 50 years
47、;is long time. 100 metres is a short distance.8. had better +(not)+动词原形: 最好(不)做某事 You had better stay home at night.You'd better not go out now.8. by the way順便説一下 go
48、0;crazy变疯 9. in a group of 20十人一组10.offer sb. sth.= offer sth. to sb.向某人提供某物 He offered the poor lots of food and water.offer to do sth. 自愿去做某事 They offered to help me.11. be well
49、trained 受过良好培训 12. learn about 了解 13. at the same time 同时14. depend on 依赖;取决15.provide sb. sth.= provide sb. with sth.=provide sth. for sb.提供某人某物16. set tests安排考试 17.form close friendships
50、0;with. 与.结成亲密的友谊18.stay/keep in touch with. 与.保持联系 19.take trips to. 到.法旅行20.at least至少 21.fill out填写 M 81.重要语法: 宾语从句:在复合句中充当宾语的句子。 模块重点:由that引导的宾语从句,that无义,可省,后接陈述句作宾语。 宾语从句复合句= 主句 + 引导词 + 宾语从句。 I can hardly believe( tha
51、t) we're in the city centre.Tony guesses that the park is very popular.Lingling suggests that they spend the day there.Lingling doesn't think the park will be bus
52、y.主、从句的时间关系主句:一般現在时 从句:需根据实际情况用该用的时态She says (that) she works from Monday to Friday. She says (that) she will leave a message on his desk. Xiao ming says he has already finish
53、ed his homework. 主句:一-般过去时 从句:一般过去时/过去时的某种时态He said (that) there were no classes yesterday afternoon.He said (that) he was going to take care of the baby.Our teacher to
54、ld us he had taught here for 20 years. 特殊情况:从句描述的是客观事实、真理、科学名言警句等不以时间改変而改変的事实时,不管主句什么时态,从句都是用一般現在时。 He said that light travels much faster than sound.The teacher told us the earth goes&
55、#160;around the sun. 注意:当主句的谓语动词是think或believe,宾语从句要表达否定吋,要把从句的否定特移到主句上(否定前移)。 I don't think hes going to help you with your English.We don't believe that we have won the basketball match
56、.2. hardly几乎不= almost not He can hardly believe the result, can he?前否后肯)3.so.that. 如此.以致于The little boy is so young that he can't go to school.=The ittle boy is too y
57、oung to go to school.=The ittle boy is not old enough to go to school.so that 以便;为了 =in order thatHe got up early so that he could catch up the early bus.4
58、.hear sb./sth.+动词原形: 听見某人/某物(经常/过去)做.hear sb./sth.+动词-ing: 听見某人/某物正在做I often hear her play the piano in her room.I hear her playing the piano in her room now.5. be famous for. 因.著名 This
59、;park is famous for its lakebe famous as. 作为.著名 Luxun is famous as a writer.6. allow doing sth. 允许做. 7. They don't allow smoking here allow sb. to do sth.允许某人做.His parents allowed
60、160;him to go out with me.8.t' bttr (fr b.) tdth. 做某事对某人来说更好 It's better for you to stop smoking.=You had better stop smoking.9.point out指出 point at/to.指着 (近物/远物)10.at the
61、;top of在.的顶部 11.move about 四处走动12.promise to do sth. 答应做某事 promise not to do sth.保证不做某事 promise +that从句: He promised to help us.Tony promised not to talk in class.My parents promi
62、se that they will buy me a new shirt.13.have a wonderful time 玩得开心 magic land仙境square kilometer平方公里 by a small lake在小湖边 14.wake sb. up唤醒某人15.without doing .没有做. We came out
63、160;without making any noise.16.a pity that+从句 真遗憾.It is a pity that you have missed the party.17.walk down the path顺路而下18.put leaves off plants从植物扯下叶子19.the second largest 第二大.(the +序数词+最高级
64、:第几最.20.fall asleep入睡 M 9 1.重要语法:(一)if/whether 引导的宾语从句复合句,if/whether意为“是否”,用在将直接引语(说话人说得话)为一般疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语(转述他人的话)的复合句中做引导词,转化后需将一般疑问句变为陈述句,即陈述语序。基本结构:主句+if/whethert宾语从句(用陈述语序)(直接引语) "Are you a teacher?" he asks.(
65、间接引语) He asks if/whether I am a teacher.直引"Have you finished your home work?"the teacher asked him.(间引)The teacher asked if/whether I had finished my home work.间接引语也就是if/whether引导的
66、宾语从句 He wants to know if it will rain tomorrow.I don't know whether he is at home or not.注: if和whether一般情况下可以互换使用,但如下情况,不能用if,只能用 whether: (1)在动词不定式之前只能用whether: I don't know w
67、hether to accept or refuse (拒绝).(2)在whether . or not的固定搭配中。 Let me know whether you can come or not.(3)在介词后,只能用whether。 I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. (4)宾语从句放在句
68、首表示强调时,只能用whether。 Whether it is true or not, I can't tell.(5) 用if会引起歧义时,只用whether。如用whether可避免歧义。(二)特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句(what/where/when/which/why/how/how many.) 基本结构:主句+特殊疑问词+宾语从句(用陈述语序) 直接引语为特殊疑问句的简单句转化为间接引语复合句时,用原来的特殊疑问词作引导词,但后面需改为陈述句,即陈述语序。(直引)“What'
69、;s your name?"Mr. Li asks me.(间引) Mr. Li asks what my name is.(直引) "Why did he ask for help?" he asked.(间引) He asked why he asked for help.间引即为特殊疑问词引导
70、的宾语从句。注:if/whether和特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句复合句,主句和从句的时态与that引导的宾语从句复合句一样,需注意主从句时态的变化。2.mention sth. To sb. 向某人提及某事3.take a message (for sb.) : (为某人)捎口信4.打电话用语: Who's calling?=Who's that speaking? 你是哪位? Is that. (speaking)? 你是.吗?This i
71、s . speaking. 我是. Could/May I speak to.?我可以和.说话吗?Hold the line,please.=Hold on,please. 别挂断。5.have a problem with sb. 和某人之间出了问题6.get separated分开7.explain sth. to sb.向某人解析某事 explain +疑问词+不定式:
72、Could you explain how to do it well?explain +宾语从句: Could you explain what happened then?8. refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事 9.feel/be sure .对.把握10.regret to do sth.遗憾地(要)做某事(还未做) regret-regretted-regrettedregret doing sth,后悔做过某事(已经做过了)11. be patient with sb. 对某人耐心12. introduce A to B: 把A介绍给B (认识)13. encourage sb. to do sth. 鼓励某人做某事 My
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