必修五Module4Grammar

1、-The Passive Voice2 语态表示的是主语和谓语之间的关系，当句子的主语是谓语动作的执行者时，主,谓之间的关系称为主动语态(the Active Voice);当句子的主语是谓语动作的承受者时，主、谓之间的关系称为被动语态(the Passive Voice)。在汉语中常用“被”“由”等词来表示被动语态。在英语中则用动词的被动语态形式来表示。 被动语态的基本结构： be + 过去分词(+ by S)(+ by S)译：我们每天学习英语。We study English every day.English is studied by us every day. 1. S + Vi.

2、 2. S + Link verb + P.3. S + Vt + O. 4. S + Vt + O + C.5. S + Vt + Oi + Od.eg. The death toll has fallen.eg. Carnival was good for business.eg. But in practice, few drivers respect the rules.eg. The slaves painted their faces white.eg. Sometimes drivers give him a tip.都有被动语态吗？都有被动语态吗？PVPVPVPVPVNo!No

3、!PVO + be done + by S.PVO + be done + C + by S.PVOi + be done + Od + by S.Od+ be done + to/for Oi + by S.五种基本句型：五种基本句型：eg. My brother bought me a watch yesterday. PV 1.一般现在时: 2.一般过去时:-3. 现在进行时: -English is studied by us.English was studied by Mr Li long long ago.English is being studied by us now.is

4、/am/are+donewas/were+done is/am/are+being+done 各种时态的被动语态：各种时态的被动语态：S + Vt + O.We study English.-Mr Li studied English long long ago.We are studying English now.4. 过去进行时 :5.现在完成时：-6. 过去完成时:7.一般将来时： - English was being studied by us at 8:30 last night.English has been studied by us for 5 years up to n

5、ow.English had been studied by us for three years by the endof.I will be helped by him with my English.was/were being+donehave/has been+donehad been+done1)will/shall be +doneWe were studying English at 8:30 last night.We have studied English for 5 years up to now.We had studied English for 3 years b

6、y the end of Junior 3.He will help me with my English.7.一般将来时：8.将来完成时：9.含有情态动词的被动语态：French is going to be learnt by us in university.English must be studied hard.2) be going to be donecan/may/mustbe +doneWe are going to learn French in university.We must study English hard.We will have studied Engli

7、sh for 6 years when we graduate from High School.English will have been studied by us for 6 years when we graduate from High School.will/shall have been done1)不及物动词或不及物动词短语无被动语态：判断正误(True or False) ( ) The price has been risen.( ) The price has risen.( ) The accident was happened last week. ( ) The

8、accident happened last week.要想正确地使用被动语态，就须注意哪些动词是及物的，哪些是不及物的。特别是一词多义的动词往往有两种用法。解决这一问题唯有在学习过程中多留意积累。FTFT不用被动语态的情况：不用被动语态的情况：2) 系动词无被动语态(主动形式表示被动含义）：appear, become, fall, feel, get, grow, keep, remain, look, seem, smell, sound, be , stay, taste, turn等 3)有些表示状态、归属、心理活动等的及物动词或短语也没有被动语态，如：have(有), own, l

9、ack, hold(容纳), contain, fit, wish, agree with(与.一致), cost, mean, arrive at / in,walk into, shake hands, succeed in, suffer from, enter, happen to sb, join, take part in, belong to等 This key just fits the lock. 这把钥匙正好开这把锁。The flower smells good.4). 表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如：read, write, cut, draw, sell, wash,

10、 clean, dry，start(发动), let(出租), be worth等，常与一个副词搭配，常用主动形式表示被动意义。5) 带同源宾语、反身代词(oneself)、相互代词(each other,one another)的及物或不及物动词，不能用于被动语态：die/death, dream/dream, live/life6) 当宾语是不定式时，通常不用于被动语态。(True or False)TFWe live a meaningful life every day.( ) She likes to swim. ( ) To swim is liked by her.这书很畅销.那

11、笔好写.这本书值得一读.The book sells well.The pen writes well.The book is worth reading.1. 英语中一般用来英语中一般用来by表示动作的执行者表示动作的执行者,但但know除除外外,它要用介词它要用介词to2.need,want,require等表等表“需要需要”, 如果主语是物的如果主语是物的时候时候,必须用动名词的主动形式表被动意义必须用动名词的主动形式表被动意义;也可以也可以用不定式的被动形式用不定式的被动形式.特别注意：特别注意：译：这张椅子需要修理。译：这张椅子需要修理。=The chair needs to be

12、repaired. The chair needs repairing. 3. 不定式作后置定语或作宾语时,如果不定式和逻辑主语之间是被动关系就应用不定式的被动形式. The little boy likes to be taken to the park. 虽然不定式和逻辑主语之间是被动关系,但句中同时出现了表示不定式动作发出者的另外一个名词或代词时,这时须用不定式的主动形式表被动意义. Give me a book to read.他命令立即完成这座桥的建设.我有很多工作要做.他有很多问题没解决,他很不高兴.他有很多问题没解决,他老板很不高兴.He ordered the bridge _

13、 He ordered the bridge _ a at t once. once.to be completedto be completedWith many problemsWith many problems _, he is _, he is very unhappy.very unhappy.to do.to do.I have a lot of work_.I have a lot of work_.to be settledto be settledWith many problemsWith many problems _, his _, his boss is very

14、unhappy.boss is very unhappy.to settleto settle4. adj+to do too +adj.+to do adj. enough to do英语不是很难学.English is not very hard _.这本书很容易理解.The book is easy enough _.这箱子太重了他搬不动.The box is too heavy for him _. to studyto studyto understandto understandto carry.to carry.句型结构中句型结构中,常用不定式常用不定式主动形式表达被动意义主动形式表达被动意义.5