数据库存储备份策略

1、数据库和存储数据备份策略编写单位： 日 期：2012.3.12目录1.文档说明32.Oracle数据库备份策略32.1 数据特点32.2 备份方案32.3 闪回区大小32.4 管理ORACLE数据库32.5每周运行一次的备份脚本4oracle备份的恢复43 存储数据的备份策略123.1数据特点123.2 备份方案123.3 备份类型的选择123.4 备份窗口选择123.5 确定介质保存时间133.6 计算所需磁带介质数量133.7备份的灾难恢复策略133.8 数据备份策略141. 文档说明本方案是基于目前九江市基础教育资源库系统的实际运行情况而设立的。本方案分为数据库备份策略和存储数据备份策略

2、。这些都是根据项目中各个不同特点设计不同的备份策略。具体详细介绍如下：2. Oracle数据库备份策略2.1 数据特点每天新增的数据量大超过7天的数据很少修改2.2 备份方案每周一次数据库全量备份到硬盘的闪回区（Oracle备份）每天用磁带备份整个闪回区（Oracle+DP备份）：即第一天将会备份全量数据库+归档日志到磁带，后面五天只会备份增量的归档日志到磁带（因为全量数据库和之前的归档日志已经备份）。2.3 闪回区大小闪回区大小=全量数据库+两天的归档日志2.4 管理ORACLE数据库系统开机的时候会自动启动oracle数据库，关闭oracle数据库服务器，请用如下步骤1、 登陆到X4540

3、服务器（192.168.2.203），切换到root用户2、 执行 oracle10.sh stop，系统会关闭数据库3、 执行 oracle10.sh start，系统会启动数据库oracle服务设置：1、程序安装目录:/export/home/oracle,SID为zyk2、数据库存放目录：/data/oradata/zyk3、归档日志目录：/data/oradata/arch4、备份、恢复脚本目录：/data/oradata/scripts5、RMAN备份临时目录：/data/oradata/rmanback以下是oracle10.sh的脚本：#/bin/shcase $1 in sta

4、rt) su - oracle<<EOO lsnrctl start sqlplus /nolog<<EOS connect / as sysdba startupEOS# emctl start dbconsoleEOO ; stop) su - oracle<<EOO lsnrctl stop sqlplus /nolog<<EOS connect / as sysdba shutdown immediateEOS# emctl stop dbconsoleEOO ; *) echo "Usage: $0 start|stop&qu

5、ot; ;esac2.5每周运行一次的备份脚本# 每周执行一次# 将数据库拷贝备份到硬盘exp zyk/itrc503zyk_218.65.5.13 file=d:zyk.dmp full=y log=d:zyk.log compress=y;oracle备份的恢复1、 在/data/oradata/rmanback中存在最近的一次备份，如果这份备份也没有了，则首先从磁带中恢复oracle的rman备份：选择最近1周内的数据恢复到/data/oradata/rmanback目录2、 用oracle账号登陆3、 如果oracle进程还在，请先关闭oracle，执行： oracle10.sh st

6、op4、 执行以下操作：$ sqlplus /nologSQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.2.0 - Production on Fri Mar 20 16:17:57 2009Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.SQL> connecet /as sysdbaSP2-0734: unknown command beginning "connecet /." - rest of line ignored.SQL> connect /as sysdbaConnected to

7、an idle instance.SQL> startup mountORACLE instance started.Total System Global Area 1694498816 bytesFixed Size 1362508 bytesVariable Size 1537881524 bytesDatabase Buffers 150994944 bytesRedo Buffers 4259840 bytesDatabase mounted.SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition

8、 Release 10.2.0.2.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP and Data Mining options$ pwd/export/home/oracle$ cd /data/oradata$ lsarch rmanback scripts zyk zyk.dmp$ cd scripts$ lscontrol.ora hot_database_backup.shdatabase_restore.sh hot_database_backup.sh.outdatabase_restore.sh.outhot_database_backup

9、.sh$ sh database_restore.sh$ cat database_restore.sh.out= started on 2009年03月20日 星期五 16时18分47秒 CST =RMAN: /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0.2/bin/rmanORACLE_SID: zykORACLE_USER: oracleORACLE_HOME: /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0.2RMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9> 10> RM

10、AN> Production on Fri Mar 20 16:18:47 2009Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.connected to target database: ZYK (DBID=3826445544, not open)using target database control file instead of recovery catalogRMAN> 2> 3> 4> 5> 6> 7> 8> 9> 10> allocated chan

11、nel: ch00channel ch00: sid=167 devtype=DISKallocated channel: ch01channel ch01: sid=73 devtype=DISKStarting restore at 20-MAR-09channel ch01: starting datafile backupset restorechannel ch01: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup setrestoring datafile 00001 to /data/oradata/zyk/system01.dbfre

12、storing datafile 00002 to /data/oradata/zyk/undotbs01.dbfrestoring datafile 00003 to /data/oradata/zyk/sysaux01.dbfchannel ch01: reading from backup piece /data/oradata/rmanback/bk_63_1_681991802channel ch00: starting datafile backupset restorechannel ch00: specifying datafile(s) to restore from bac

13、kup setrestoring datafile 00004 to /data/oradata/zyk/users01.dbfrestoring datafile 00005 to /data/oradata/zyk/zyk.dbfchannel ch00: reading from backup piece /data/oradata/rmanback/bk_62_1_681991802channel ch00: restored backup piece 1piece handle=/data/oradata/rmanback/bk_62_1_681991802 tag=HOT_DB_B

14、K_LEVEL0channel ch00: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07channel ch01: restored backup piece 1piece handle=/data/oradata/rmanback/bk_63_1_681991802 tag=HOT_DB_BK_LEVEL0channel ch01: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07Finished restore at 20-MAR-09Starting recover at 20-MAR-09starting media

15、recoverymedia recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:07Finished recover at 20-MAR-09released channel: ch00released channel: ch01RMAN> Recovery Manager complete.Script database_restore.sh= ended successfully on 2009年03月20日 星期五 16时19分05秒 CST =（查看恢复是否成功）$ pwd/data/oradata/scripts$ cd .$ lsarch rmanb

16、ack scripts zyk zyk.dmp$ cd zyk$ lscontrol01.ctl old redo03.log undotbs01.dbfcontrol02.ctl redo01.log sysaux01.dbf users01.dbfcontrol03.ctl redo02.log system01.dbf zyk.dbf$ ls -l 总数 723610-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 7061504 3月 20日 16:19 control01.ctl-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 7061504 3月 20日 16:19 control02.ctl-rw-

17、r- 1 oracle dba 7061504 3月 20日 16:19 control03.ctldrwxr-xr-x 2 root root 8 3月 20日 16:16 old-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 52429312 3月 20日 14:56 redo01.log-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 52429312 3月 20日 14:56 redo02.log-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 52429312 3月 20日 16:15 redo03.log-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 272637952 3月 20日 16:19 sysaux01.d

18、bf-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 503324672 3月 20日 16:19 system01.dbf-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 31465472 3月 20日 16:19 undotbs01.dbf-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 5251072 3月 20日 16:19 users01.dbf-rw-r- 1 oracle dba 2147491840 3月 20日 16:19 zyk.dbf$ sqlplus /nologSQL*Plus: Release 10.2.0.2.0 - Production on Fri Mar 20 16:19:56 2009

19、Copyright (c) 1982, 2005, Oracle. All Rights Reserved.SQL> connect /as sysdbaConnected.SQL> alter database open resetlogs;SQL> alter database open;Database altered.SQL> exitDisconnected from Oracle Database 10g Enterprise Edition Release 10.2.0.2.0 - ProductionWith the Partitioning, OLAP

20、 and Data Mining options$ lsnrctl startLSNRCTL for Solaris: Version 10.2.0.2.0 - Production on 20-MAR-2009 16:20:57Copyright (c) 1991, 2005, Oracle. All rights reserved.Starting /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0.2/bin/tnslsnr: please wait.TNSLSNR for Solaris: Version 10.2.0.2.0 - ProductionLog mess

21、ages written to /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0.2/network/log/listener.logListening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=SunX4540)(PORT=1521)Connecting to (ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=)(PORT=1521)STATUS of the LISTENER-Alias LISTENERVersion TNSLSNR for Solaris: Version 10.2.0.2.0 - Produ

22、ctionStart Date 20-MAR-2009 16:20:57Uptime 0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 secTrace Level offSecurity ON: Local OS AuthenticationSNMP OFFListener Log File /export/home/oracle/product/10.2.0.2/network/log/listener.logListening Endpoints Summary. (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=SunX4540)(PORT=1521)The

23、 listener supports no servicesThe command completed successfully注：恢复完数据库后，请立即做一次全备。NBUlicense:Active NetBackup Features= License Key: BJX3-KP6C-AC62-96C8-PPOP-NPPP-PPIR-PPDate Added: Mar 19, 2009 at 13:39:56Host: X4150backupProduct: NetBackup Enterprise ServerClient count: See license certificate.Ex

24、pires: No Expiration DateFeature: Base NetBackup License Key: OEXN-PTKA-LNJD-43RC-NC6P-PPCR-CC66-PPP4-KR6P-PDate Added: Mar 19, 2009 at 13:40:31Host: X4150backupProduct: NetBackupClient count: See license certificate.Expires: No Expiration DateFeature: Additional clients License Key: AJXX-J6WC-RY2B-

25、PPPP-PCPP-P3PP-PP6P-IWADate Added: Mar 19, 2009 at 13:40:14Host: X4150backupProduct: NetBackup Enterprise ServerClient count: See license certificate.Expires: No Expiration DateFeature: Additional clients License Key: OEXN-PTKA-LNJD-43RC-NC6P-PPCR-CC66-PPP4-KR6P-PDate Added: Mar 19, 2009 at 13:40:31

26、Host: X4150backupProduct: NetBackupClient count: See license certificate.Expires: No Expiration DateFeature: MS Exchange extensionFeature: MS SQL Server extensionFeature: DB2 extensionFeature: Lotus Notes extensionFeature: Oracle extension License Key: BJX3-KR3P-AC62-96C8-PPPP-PPPU-PPPP-PPDate Added

27、: Mar 19, 2009 at 13:40:22Host: X4150backupProduct: NetBackup Enterprise ServerClient count: See license certificate.Expires: No Expiration DateFeature: Oracle extension License Key: OEXN-PTKA-LNJD-43RC-NC6P-PPCR-CC66-PPP4-KR6P-PDate Added: Mar 19, 2009 at 13:40:31Host: X4150backupProduct: NetBackup

28、Client count: See license certificate.Expires: No Expiration DateFeature: Sybase extension License Key: BJX3-KP6C-AC62-96C8-PPOP-NPPP-PPIR-PPDate Added: Mar 19, 2009 at 13:39:56Host: X4150backupProduct: NetBackup Enterprise ServerClient count: See license certificate.Expires: No Expiration DateFeatu

29、re: Intelligent Disaster RecoveryFeature: Open File Backup - deprecated License Key: OEXN-RTLG-BOWD-N3RP-GPP3-PP3R-PCPP-PPPP-PPPP-CDate Added: Mar 19, 2009 at 13:40:06Host: X4150backupProduct: NetBackupClient count: See license certificate.Expires: No Expiration DateFeature: Library Based Tape Drive

30、s License Key: OEXN-PTKA-LNJD-43RC-NC6P-PPCR-CC66-PPP4-KR6P-PDate Added: Mar 19, 2009 at 13:40:31Host: X4150backupProduct: NetBackupClient count: See license certificate.Expires: No Expiration DateFeature: MS SharePoint Agent License Key: BJX3-KP6C-AC62-96C8-PPOP-NPPP-PPIR-PPDate Added: Mar 19, 2009

31、 at 13:39:56Host: X4150backupProduct: NetBackup Enterprise ServerClient count: See license certificate.Expires: No Expiration DateFeature: StorageTek ACS Robotic LibrariesFeature: Fujitsu LMF Robotic LibrariesFeature: IBM ATL Robotic LibrariesFeature: ADIC DAS/SDLC Robotic LibrariesFeature: Microsof

32、t RSM Robotic LibrariesFeature: Remote Media Server SupportFeature: Robotic Library Sharing SupportFeature: Remote Client SupportFeature: Open File Backup License Key: OEXN-PTKA-LNJD-43RC-NC6P-PPCR-CC66-PPP4-KR6P-PDate Added: Mar 19, 2009 at 13:40:31Host: X4150backupProduct: NetBackupClient count: S

33、ee license certificate.Expires: No Expiration DateFeature: PureDisk MS SQL Server AgentFeature: PureDisk MS Exchange Agent3 存储数据的备份策略3.1数据特点数据存储量大每周更新数据不多3.2 备份方案一个好的备份/恢复系统，除了配备有好的软硬件之外，更需要有良好的备份策略和管理规划来进行保证。对于教学资源库这样一个复杂的系统，必须根据各种应用和业务的处理类型来分别制定具体的备份策略。但总体上来讲，一个好的备份策略，必须考虑多方面的因素。采取每周一次增量备份，每月执行一次全备份，3.3 备份类型的选择· 备份类型主要有三种：1. 全备份每次备份定义的所有数据，优点是恢复快，缺点是备份数据量大，数据多时可能做一次全备份需很长时间2. 增量备份备份自上一次备份以来更新的所有数据，其优点是每次备份的数据量少，缺点是恢复时需要全备份及多份增量备份3. 差分