高考英语二轮复习 专题 阅读理解之科技类专题学案 新人教

1、专题三 阅读理解之科技类（3）（新课标）三、科技类【典例探究】（2010·山东卷·D）Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems. While scientists are finding ways to make them smaller but even more powerful, problems can arise when these batteries are much larger and heavier than the devices themselves. Unive

2、rsity of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient.“To provide enough power, we need certain methods with high energy density(密度)”，said Jae Kwon, assistant professor of electrical and computer engineering at MU. “The radioisotope(放射性同

3、位素) battery can provide power density that is much higher than chemical batteries.”Kwon and his research team have been working on building a small nuclear battery, presently the size and thickness of a penny, intended to power various micro/nanoelectromechanreal systems (M/NEMS). Although nuclear b

4、atteries can cause concerns, Kwon said they are safe.“People hear the word nuclear and think of something very dangerous,” he said, “However, nuclear power sources have already been safely powering a variety of devices, such as pace-makers, space satellites and underwater systems.”His new idea is no

5、t only in the batterys size, but also in its semiconductor(半导体). Kwons battery uses a liquid semiconductor rather than a solid semiconductor.“The key part of using a radioactive battery is that when you harvest the energy, part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶体结构) of the so

6、lid semiconductor,” Kwon said, “By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”Together with J. David Robertson, chemistry professor and associate director of the MU Research Reactor, Kwon is working to build and test the battery. In the future, they hope to increase the b

7、atterys power, shrink its size and try with various other materials. Kwon said that battery could be thinner than the thickness of human hair.【文章大意】本篇为科普短文，介绍由美国密苏里大学研究者所开发的核能电池的情况。71. Which of the following is true of Jae Kwon?A. He teaches chemistry at MU.  B. He developed a chemical battery.

8、C. He is working on a nuclear energy source. D. He made a breakthrough in computer engineering.72. Jae Kwon gave examples in Paragraph 4_.A. to show chemical batteries are widely applied. B. to introduce nuclear batteries can be safely used.C. to describe a nuclear-powered system. D. to introduce va

9、rious energy sources.73. Liquid semiconductor is used to _.A. get rid of the radioactive waste   B. test the power of nuclear batteries.C. decrease the size of nuclear batteries D. reduce the damage to lattice structure.74. According to Jae Kwon, his nuclear battery _.A. uses a solid semic

10、onductor        B. will soon replace the present ones.C. could be extremely thin           D. has passed the final test.75. The text is most probably a _.A. science news report      

11、60; B. book review    C. newspaper ad   D. science fiction story【答案解析】71. 【解析】选C。细节理解题。根据第一段的University of Missouri(MU) researchers are developing a nuclear energy source that is smaller, lighter and more efficient及第三段的叙述可知，Kwon在研究一种核能电池，所以C项正确。72. 【解析】选B。细节理解题。根据文章第四段可知Kwon

12、举例的目的是为了说明核能电池是安全性。73. 【解析】选D。 细节理解题。根据part of the radiation energy can damage the lattice structure(晶体结构) of the solid semiconductor,”及“By using a liquid semiconductor, we believe we can minimize that problem.”可知，通过使用液态半导体材料，可减少对晶体结构的破坏。74. 【解析】选C。 细节理解题。根据Kwon said that battery could be thinner th

13、an the thickness of human hair可知C项正确。75. 【解析】选A。推理判断题。本文讲述了Kwon的原子能电池的有关情况，文章体裁应属于科普文章，所以A项正确。【跟踪演练】1、（2011·安徽省巢湖市高三第一次教学质量检测）Scientists have found that human eyes are more likely to be damaged by UV rays (紫外线) while skiing in the snow-covered areas than sitting on the beach, according to a rep

14、ort by the UK newspaper The Telegraph.The researchers at Kanazawa Medical University, Japan and American company JohnsonJohnson conducted the study together. They looked at the effects of light reflection on newly fallen snow on a ski trail (a rough path) in Ishikawa District, northern Japan. They c

15、ompared the results with the levels of UV rays on a sand beach in southern Japan's Okinawa District.They found that on the beach, eyes are exposed to a daily 260 kilojoules (千焦耳) of UV a square meter compared to 658 kilojoules in snow-covered areas.The findings are supported by the Japan Meteoro

16、logical Agency. According to the agen- cy, the reflection rate of UV light on beaches is often between 10 and 25 percent, compared to 80 percent in the new snow areas. The amount of light increased 4 percent with a 300-meter rise in height.Most of us know that UV rays can harm the skin. That's w

17、hy we wear sunscreen on our skin before we get out in the sun. But many of us may not realize that UV rays are also harmful to the eyes.If your eyes are exposed to large amounts of UV radiation over a short period of time, you may experience a kind of sunburn of the eye, which is harmful. Your eyes

18、will become red and feel a strange feeling. They may be sensitive to light. Fortunately, this is usually temporary (暂时的) and seldom causes permanent damage to the eyes.Long-term exposure to UV radiation, however, can be more serious. Scientific studies and researches have shown that exposure to smal

19、l amounts of UV radiation over a period of many years increases the chance of eye damage, which could lead to total blindness.67. You would most likely find the article inA. a doctor's diary B. a travel journalC. a medical magazine D. a physics textbook68. Which of the following statements is TR

20、UE according to the passage?A. Too much eye exposure to UV rays may cause total blindness.B. Short-time exposure of the eyes to UV rays doesn't harm them at all.C. Most people know that UV rays harm the eyes as well as the skin.D. The study was conducted by researchers from Japan, the USA and th

21、e UK.69. The underlined word "sunscreen" in Paragraph 5 most probably means _.A. sunglasses B. sunhat C. suncream D. sunburn70. What will the passage most probably talk about next?A. Never ski on newly fallen snow in Japan.B. Go to hospital to have your eyes examined.C. Wearing a hat can p

22、rovide protection while skiing in new snow areas.D. Take some measures to protect your eyes while skiing in new snow areas.2、 （2010·河北省衡水中学三模A卷）As you dash outdoors in the middle of winter, you might make it halfway down the block before realizing that your ears are freezing because you forgot

23、your hat.Now, scientists have shown that even though youve had an apparent memory lapse(丧失), your brain never forgot what you should have done. Memory works mainly by association. For example, as you try to remember where you left your keys, you might recall you last had them in the living room, whi

24、ch reminds you that there was an ad for soap on television, which reminds you that you need soap, and so on. And then, as youre heading out of the door to buy soap, you remember that your keys are on the kitchen counter. Your brain knew where the keys were all along. It just took a round-about way t

25、o get there.Now, scientists at the Salk Institute for Biological Studies are studying associative memory in monkeys to figure out just how this complicated process works.First, the researchers trained a group of monkeys to remember arbitrary(任意的) pairs of symbols. The researchers showed the monkeys

26、one symbol(cold weather) and then gave them the choice of two other symbols, one of which (a hat) would be associated with the first. A correct choice would earn them a sip of their favorite juice.Most of the monkeys performed the test perfectly, but one kept making mistakes.“We wondered what happen

27、ed in the brain when the monkey made the wrong choice, although it apparently learned the right pairing of symbols,” said study leader Thomas Albright.Albright and his team observed signals from the nerve cells in the monkeys inferior temporal cortex (ITC), an area of its brain used for visual patte

28、rn recognition and for storing this type of memory.As the monkey was deciding which symbol to choose, about a quarter of the activity in the ITC was due to the choice behavior.Meanwhile, more than half the activity was in a different group of nerve cells, which scientists believe represent the monke

29、ys memory of the correct symbol pairing, and surprisingly, these cells continued to fire even when the monkey chose the wrong symbol.“In this sense, the cells knew more than the monkeys let on in their behavior,” Albright said. “Thus, behavior may vary, but knowledge endures.”57The example of the ke

30、ys and soap is given to explain the relationship between _.Amemory lapse and human brainBmemory and associationCmemory and television adsDmemory and our daily life58Which of the following best expresses the general idea of the text?AYour brain may forget something, but not always.BActivity is a roun

31、d-about way to memory.CYour brain remembers what you forget.DMonkeys have better memory than us.59The researchers believe the monkey that made the wrong choice _.Aalso knew the correct answerBhad the worst memoryCfailed to see the objects well Dhad some trouble with its nerve system60The underlined

32、word “endures” may be best replaced by _.Adisappears Bincreases Cimproves Dremains3、（2010·河北省正定中学三模）When important events are happening around the world, most people turn to traditional media sources, such as CNN and BBC for the newsHowever, during the war in Iraq in 2003, many people followed

33、the war from the point of view of an unknown Iraqi citizen who called himself “Salam Pax ” (Salam Pax means peace)Salam Pax wrote a diary about everyday life in Baghdad during the war, and posted it on his websitePaxs online diary was a kind of website known as a “blog”Blogs are online diaries, usua

34、lly kept by individuals, but sometimes by companies and other groups of peopleThey are the fastest growing types of website on the InternetA blog differs from a traditional website in several waysMost importantly, it is updated much more regularlyMany blogs are updated every day, and some are update

35、d several times a dayAlso, most blogs use special software or websites, which can help ordinary people easily set up and start writing their own blogsThere are many different kinds of blogsThe most popular type is an online diary of links where the blog writer surfs the Internet and then posts links

36、 to sites or news articles that they find interesting , with a few comments about each one Other types are personal diaries, where the writer talks about their life and feelingsSometimes these blogs can be very personalThere is another kind of blogging, called “moblogging ”, short for “ mobile blogg

37、ing ”Mobloggers use mobile phones with cameras to take photos, which are posted instantly to the InternetThe use of mobile phones in this way made the headlines in Singapore when a high school student posted a movie he had taken of a teacher shouting at another student on the InternetMany people wer

38、e shocked by what the student did, and wanted phones with cameras to be banned from schoolsMany people think that as blogs become common, news reporting will rely less on big media companies, and more on ordinary people posting news to the InternetThey think that then the news will be less like a le

39、cture, and more like a conversation, where any one can join in49Which statement about Salam Pax was true? AHe worked for CNNBSalam Pax was not his real name CHe was famous as a host in BBC DHe used a mobile phone for his blog 50What is the biggest difference between blogs and traditional websites?AB

40、logs are updated much more often BBlogs contain links to other websites CBlogs use special softwareDBlogs contain personal information 51According to the passage, which statement about the future is most likely ? In the future Aeveryone will have a blog Blarge media companies will be unnecessary Cpe

41、ople will be able to learn the news from other points of view Dblogging technology will be banned 52What is the passage mainly about ? Athe history of the InternetBnew types of mediaCthe war in IraqDthe increase of using computers 4、（2010·江苏省南京市三模）We typically associate the word “science” with

42、a person in a white coat doing experiments in a laboratory. Ideally, experiments should play as big a role in the human sciences as they do in the natural sciences; but in practice this is not usually the case. The are at least three reasons for this.1Human scientists are often trying to make sense

43、of complex real world situations in which it is simply impossible to run controlled experiment.2The artificiality of some of the experiments that can be conducted may make the behavior of the participants abnormal.3There are moral reasons for not conducting experiments that have a negative effect on

44、 the people who participate in them.Faced with the above difficulties, what are human scientists to do? One solution is to wait for nature to provide the appropriate experimental conditions. We can, for example, learn something about how a normal brain functions by looking at people who have suffere

45、d brain damage; and we can gain some understanding into the roles played by genes and the environment by studying twins, who have been separated at birth and brought up in different families. In the case of economics, economic history can provide us with a bank of-admittedly not very well-controlled

46、-experimental data.However, human scientists do not just sit around waiting for natural experiments to arise. They also think of some experiments of their own. Suppose you want to know how a baby sees the world. We cannot, of course, ask the baby since it has not yet learnt to speak. So it might see

47、m that all we can do is guess. People usually wont change their mind until it was found out that babies tend to stare at surprising things longer than at unsurprising ones. This key understanding was like opening a window on to the developing mind. There was now a way of testing babies expectations

48、and getting some idea of how they are six months old, babies can already do the following things: figuring out that objects consist of parts that move together being aware of the difference between living and non-living things and even doing simple arithmetic work.60What is true about the natural sc

49、iences and the human sciences according to this passage?ABoth human scientists and natural scientists can run controlled experiments.BExperiments done by human scientists and natural scientists are artificial.CBoth human and natural science experiments should be of the same importance.DIts not moral

50、 to conduct human science experiments.61What do we know about human scientists from this passage?AThey are white coat scientists.BThey have more experimental sources than natural scientists.CThey conduct experiments passively. DThey face more difficulties in carrying out their research.62Which of th

51、e following experiments belongs to human science experiment?A Vinegar Volcano Vinegar and baking soda make. for a fun and easy science experiment. Try creating a vinegar volcano.B Taste Without Smell Put your senses to the test with this simple experiment that shows the importance of your sense of s

52、mell.C Lung Function Observe your breath and confirm your lung volume by completing this experiment.D Make a Rainbow Use sunlight and water to make your own rainbow with this cool experimentthat will teach kids how rainbows work while they enjoy a fun activity63What does the author tell us in this p

53、assage?AABCs about the science experiment.BSome knowledge of science.CSome differences between the human sciences and the natural sciences.DThe similarity of the natural sciences and the human sciences.5、（2010·吉林省吉林一中冲刺）Forty years ago, Rachel Carson died and the Pittsburgh area lost perhaps it

54、s most influential citizen. A native of a Pennsylvania College for Women graduate, Carson published “Silent Spring” in 1962, a work that launched the modern environmental movement and led to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) as well as the passage of our major environmental l

55、aws.However, there has been a puzzling and troubling trend in recent years: an attack on her theory by conservatives and the agrochemical (农用化学品) industry. For example, Rush Limbaugh gave the following quiz: “Who caused more deaths: Adolf Hitler or RachelCarson?” Limbaugh's answer was Carson, du

56、e to the approximately 100 million deaths from malaria (疟疾) since 1972, the year in which the pesticide (杀虫剂）DDT was banned for use in the United States in part as a result of “Silent Spring.”Therefore, on this 40th anniversary of Carson's death, we need to take a scientific look at the myths th

57、at remain about pesticides.Myth 1: Pesticide usage has declined since 1962. In fact, pesticide usage has more than doubled since 1962, and the global pesticide industry currently uses over 2.5 million tons of pesticides each year. Even DDT is still used abroad. Myth 2: Pesticides are safe. In fact,

58、as Carson warned us, these poisonous chemicals are unsafe since they are designed to kill biological organisms, but are often not specific in their targets. Pesticide exposure can cause skin irritation, headache, cancer and even death. According to the WHO, over 25 million people a year in developing countries suffer severe acute pesticide poisonings with over 20,000 deaths. Of the 80,000 pesti