高考英语短文改错

1、短文改错短文改错是融语法知识与语言技能为一体的综合性英语试题，旨在考查学生对语言的发现，判断，纠正文章中错误的能力以及对词汇、语法和语篇三要素的把握能力。一近几年浙江卷高考短文改错考点分布表词性年份动词形容词名词冠词代词介词连词固定短语谓语动词非谓语动2012年1041111102011年1141012002010年1220112102009年201111310二短文改错设置的错误的主要类型（1）动词（谓语动词的时态、语态和非谓语动词）（1-5）（2）形容词、副词的辨析（1-4）（3）名词的单复数 (1-2)（4）不定冠词与定冠词（1-2）（5）代词的格与数 (1-2)（6）介词的搭配（1-2

2、）（7）连词的误用（1-2）（8）固定词组的搭配等1）动词（谓语动词的时态、语态和非谓语动词）主谓一致, 谓语动词的时态，语态 动词时态考点主要涉及一般现在时与一般过去的区别，从所涉及的动词来看，主要涉及be 和 have两个常用动词。有时也涉及其他时态，如一般将来时，现在完成时等.（1）Bill was standing at the side of the car，talking to two men who was helping him to repair it. （was 改为 were，因先行词 two men 是复数，所以修饰该先行词的定语从句的谓语动词也应用复数）（全国卷）（2

3、）Playing football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit. （give 改为 gives，它与makes 为平行结构，构成并列谓语动词） （全国卷）（3）Today，it is much easier to be healthy than it is in the past. （第二个is 改为 was） （全国卷）（4）If the book you will want is out，you may ask for it t

4、o be called back for you.（去掉 will）（全国卷） (5) These trees have planted in the garden.（have后加been,考查的是被动）单句演练：（1） As is known to us all， remembering English words are not easy.（2） The police was looking for the murderer everywhere in the city.（3） It is the parents and their son who wants to buy the bic

5、ycle.（4） What he said at the meeting were very important to us.（5） Well stay at home playing cards if it will rain tomorrow.（6） He hurt his back when he is playing football with his classmates.（7） Great changes have been taken place in China in the 10 years.非谓语动词（to do/doing/done）对非谓语动词的考查主要涉及不定式符号

6、to 的有无，介词后用doing，动词用作主语时可用doing或to do，但不能用do, 用doing还是done分词作状语，定语,表语, 补语，并列结构中几个非谓语动词是否一致.二、真题单句归纳 (1) The World Health Organization and other organizations are working improve health all over the world.（improve前加to，to improve为表目的的不定式短语）（全国卷）（2）I want to thank you again for have me in your home for

7、 the summer holidays. （have改为having，因为介词后接动名词作宾语）（全国卷）（3）I have some records giving to me as birthday gifts.（giving 改为 given，“把某物给某人”是give sth to sb；句中records与give是被动关系,故用过去分词）（4） Modern people know more about health, have better food, and to live in clearer surroundings. （去掉live 前的 to，因为 live 与其前的

8、know，have 并列）（全国卷）单句演练:（1） It was silly of you believe what he said.（2） He was made wash the bosss car once a day.（3） I waved to her but failed attract her attention.（4） Most children are interested in listen to stories. （5） Read newspaper can broaden our eyesight. (6) Seeing from the top of the mou

9、ntain, the city is really beautiful. (7) China is the biggest developed country in the world.2）形容词、副词的辨析；对形容词与副词的考查主要涉及形容词和副词比较等级的误用（尤其是在本身已是比较级的词前加more）、形容词与副词的混用（如动词前需用副词或名词前用形容词）等，形容词搭配的as+adj.原级+as 结构、how 与 what 的混用等也是常考的考点。（1） Last Sunday, police cars hurry to the taller building in New York. （

10、taller 改为 tallest，因从含义上看此处应是最高级）（全国卷）（2） As a result, people in the modern world generally live much more longer than people in the past. （去掉 more，因为 longer 本身已是比较级，不能再受 more 修饰） （全国卷）（3）Im sure well have a wonderfully time together. （wonderfully 改为 wonderful，因它是放在名词前作定语）（全国卷） After an hour or so we

11、 began to feel very frightening. （frightening 改为 frightened，因它表示某人感到害怕，而不是令人害怕）（全国卷）（4）In some places you may borrow many books as you want. （many 之前加 as，因as as 结构不完整）（全国卷） （5）I never knew a ride down a river could be so much exciting. （去掉 much，因 much 不能用来修饰形容词的原级，尽管它可用来修饰比较级和最高级）（全国卷）（6）What lovely

12、 the boy is! (What 改成How, what+名词;how+形容词/副词)单句演练：（1） China is much more bigger than the United States.（2） The more money you make，the most you spend.（3） It was real very dangerous. You might have injured yourself.（4） The fish tastes well；why not have a try?（5） Ill try to be more carefully next time

13、. （6） There are few boys than girls in our class.（7） He found someone was following her，so she felt frightening.（8） Look at the asleep boy. How lovely!3）名词的单复数（1）We stopped to rest for a while and to drink some waters from a stream. （waters 改为water，因“水”为物质名词，不可数）（全国卷）（2） We climb everywhere， not onl

14、y in America. We have been to Europe many time. （time改为 times，many times 意为“许多次”）（全国卷）（3）There are branch library in many villages. （library 改为 libraries，因其前的谓语are为复数）（全国卷）（4）She said that she and my schoolmate all wished me success. （schoolmate 改为 schoolmates，因校友不只一个，另外根据其后的 all 也可推知）（全国卷）（5）They w

15、ere eager to know everything about China and asked me lots of question. （question 改为 questions，因其前有表示复数意义的修饰语 lots of）（全国卷）单句演练：（1） Women live longer than men in most country.（2） The film is very interesting. I have seen it many time.（3） Its said that all the ticket have been sold out.（4） The childr

16、en spend a lot of times watching TV.（5） I met a lot of interesting peoples on holiday.4）不定冠词与定冠词不定冠词a/an泛指“一个”，区别是an放在元音音标前，a在辅音音标前；定冠词the特指（1） After a hour or so we began to feel very frightened.（a 改为 an，因 hour 读音以元音开头）（全国卷）（2） I decided to climb the tree to see where we were.（the 改为 a，因此处并非特指，而是泛指

17、）（全国卷）（2） Some people read the books or watch television while others have sports.（去掉 the，因这里的 books 表泛指，不表特指）（全国卷）（3） Good health is persons most valuable possession.（persons 前加 a，这里的 a 表泛指）（全国卷）（4） Modern people know more about the health, have better food, and live in clearer surroundings.（去掉 the

18、，因health 表泛指）（全国卷）（5） There is public library in every town in Britain.（public library 前加 a，因这里的 public library 是单数可数名词表泛指，故在其前用 a）（全国卷）（6） Look! A car has stopped there. A car is beautiful. (这里的car是特指前面的car)单句演练：（1） Her sister, who is nurse, will marry one of the doctors in the hospital.（2） It was

19、such wonderful dinner that we enjoyed it very much.（3） It was raining hard, so I had to borrow a umbrella.（4） My friend Mary comes from an European country.（5） Look, a girl in blue is my cousin.（6） Only few of the children can read such books.5) 代词的格与数；指代前后一致（1） When we walked to the car, Bill smile

20、d and shook head.（head 前加 his，汉语可“摇头”，而按英语的习惯要说 shake ones head）（全国卷）（2） The day before the speech contest（比赛）English teacher talked to me. （English 前加 my，teacher 为单数可数名词，前面要限定词）（全国卷）(3). The doctor gave him some medicine and told him to take them before he went to bed. (them改成it)单句演练：(1) I told Mot

21、her, Father, Sister and all his friends here that a great time I had. （2）First, let me tell you something more about me.(3) With the help of Katia, a roommate of me, Ive soon got used to living without my parents around.6）介词的搭配对介词的考查主要涉及在及物动词后接宾语时误加介词和在不及物动词后接宾语时漏加介词（1） Bill insisted in staying near

22、 the car.（in 改为 on，insist on 为固定搭配）（全国卷）（2） Suddenly we caught sight at a car and some men. （at 改为 of，catch sight of是习语，意为“看见”）（全国卷）（3） When I have free time I go a long walk. （go 后加 for，go for a walk 是习语）（全国卷）（4） When they came down the police were angry to them.（to 改为 with，要表示对某人生气，英语习惯上用be angry

23、with sb）（全国卷）（5） Most people can quickly get for help from a doctor or go to a hospital since they are ill. （去掉 for，因其前的 get 是及物动词）（全国卷）单句演练：（1） We must serve for the people heart and soul.（2） I followed the man for a while, and saw him enter into the bank.（3） Soon the nurse married with my friend J

24、im.（4） I took a great many of photographs in the mountains.（5） In English class, we often talk each other in English.（6） I asked to her what she would be doing on Saturday.（7） The chair looks hard, but it is comfortable to sit.（8） She was very kind and insisted lending her car to us.7) 连词的误用从句（定语从句和

25、名词性从句的引导词）（1） I live in Beijing, where is the capital of China. （where 改为 which，因此处要填关系代词作主语）（全国卷）（2） I also enjoyed the evenings when we spent together.（去掉 when 或将 when 改为 that，因这里的定语从句中谓语动词（spent）缺宾语，故只能用关系代词 that或将其省略） （全国卷）（3） in other places you are limited to a certain number, of that some may

26、 be novels. （that 改为 which，因介词后要用 which 来引导定语从句）（全国卷）（4） but it didnt matter that I would win or not. （that 改为 whether，whether 与 or not 搭配，表示“是否”）（全国卷）（5） Besides, I have few friends, I dont know that they dont like to talk with me. （that 改为 why，why 引导宾语从句，表示原因）（年全国卷）（6） However， there are still som

27、e countries there people have shorter lives. （there 改为 where，where 在此引导定语从句）（全国卷） (7) Which planes run much faster than trains is true. (which 改成what )单句演练：（1） He is the man his car was stolen.（2） Thats the hotel which we were staying last summer.（3） Thats the palace where we visited last summer. （4

28、） She stayed in France for 10 years. Thats she spoke French so well.（5） In the past few years when weve planted thousands of trees along the river.（6） At the airport where all the baggage must be examined. (7) This is which we can do.并列连词对并列连词的考查主要涉及and, but, or, so 等几个表示并列、转折、选择、因果等关系的词语。严格说来，这类错误主

29、要属于行文逻辑的错误。（1） We tried to fix it and there was nothing we could do.（and 改为 but，因此处语意转折）（全国卷）（2） I told Mother, Father, Sister, all my friends here what a great time I had.（all 前加 and，表示并列关系）（全国卷）（3） It is a very important exam but I cant afford to fail it.（but 改为 and / so，此处表因果关系，并非转折关系）（北京春季卷）（4）

30、She was smiling but nodding at me.（but 改为 and, 因此处并无转折之意）（全国卷）（5）Clever as she is, but she works very hard.（去掉but，因前面已有引导让步状语从句的连词 as（=though 虽然），千万不要受汉语句式“虽然但是”的影响，而重复用连词） （福建卷）单句演练：（1） Do you want a bath at once, and shall I have mine first？（2） Hurry up, and youll be late for school.（3） Mr. Smith

31、worked very hard so without any success.（4） Everyone asked me to go, but I went.8）固定词组的搭配主要考查介词与动词、名词、形容词的固定搭配；副词与动词的固定搭配；及物动词后多介词或副词以及不及物动词后少介词，英语中的一些固定句型与习惯搭配等。（1）I have given up smoke. The dog doesnt like the smell.（give up doing sth.因此动词smoke应该改为smoking。）（2） Ill take this chance to wish you wond

32、erful time on your birthday.（wonderful 前加 a，该表达与 have a good time 类似，其中的 a 不可省）（北京春季卷）（3） When I have free time I go a long walk.（go 后加 for，go for a walk 是习语）（全国卷）单句演练：（1）In some places you may borrow many books as you want. （2）They were eager everything about China and asked me lots of questions.三做

33、短文改错题基本步骤与规律 （一）改前通读全文，理解语篇大意 （二） 改中细读，注意语法、词汇错误 （三）改后回读，纠正失误，减少差错 （四）夯实基础, 慎重审题，从容答题（五）克服对短文改错的恐惧心理规律：改词（8）；加词（1）、去词（1）；后两类往往是冠词、介词、be动词等四历年真题回放短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）下面短文中有10处语言错误。请在有错误的地方增加、删除或修改某个单词。增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（），并在其下面写上该加的词。删除：把多余的词用斜线（）划掉。修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写上修改后的词。注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词。2.只允许修

34、改10处，多者（从第11除起）不计分。例如：It was very nice to get your invitation to spend weekend with you. Luckily I was The amcompletely free then, so Ill to say “yes”, Ill arrive in Bristol at around 8:00 p.m in Friday onevening.1.【2009浙江】One rainy day while I was walking home with one of my friend, a trunk came to

35、 a stop besides us. The driver put the window down and offered us a umbrella because he found we were wet through. I stood there and couldnt believe in that a complete stranger is so thoughtful. The man insisted, so I grateful accepted the offer, thanked him and watched the truck disappear down the

36、road. This man might need the umbrella himself, and he preferred to give it to everyone else. It was a lesson to us that it was possible give without expect anything in return.2.【2010浙江】After shopping, Mother and I went to a restaurant for lunch. I notice Mother looking at a nearby table occupy by a

37、n elderly woman and young couple. They are silently, and it was clearlythat things were not going well. As we left, Mother stopped on their table. “Excuse me,” she said, put her arm around the unhappy old woman. “You remind me so many of my mother. May I hug (拥抱) you?” The woman smiled happily as sh

38、e accepted to it. After we left, I said, “That wasvery nice of you, Mother. So I didnt think she looked like Grandma.” “Neither did me.” said Mother cheerfully. k*3【2011浙江】I was playing at my cousin house. Since his family was rich than mine, he had more toys than I did. There was one on particular

39、Id always wanted. I put into my pocket when he wasnt looking. I guessed, even at that age, I would never be able to enjoy to playing with the toy or faced my cousin again; I would always know Id done something wrong. Late on, my aunt drove me home. When she dropped me off, I pulled out the toy slow

40、and gave it back. She knows what had happened, but she thanked me and ever mentioned it again.4.【2012浙江卷】 Two years before, I traveled to Brazil and I rented for a car. Unfortunate, I had an accident and hit another car, and I needed to stay in a hospital for at least two week. 1 called my parents,

41、so I did not tell them what had happened. I knew that they will be worried about myself because I was so farther away, and that my mother would not sleep if she knew. Therefore, I told them interested stories and how I was enjoying Brazil As a result, nobody knew truth. I still think that it was the

42、 right thing to do.5.【2012全国新课标】 I learned early in life that I had to be more patient and little aggressive. From the time I was about four until I was about six, I destroyed each of my toy. I was happy when the toys worked, but when things did wrong, I got angry and broke it. For a while parents b

43、ought me new toys. But before long they began to see which was happening. When I tear apart my fifth birthday toy train, my father said, Thats it. No more toys to you. My punishment lasted a year. Meanwhile, I found out that with more patience I must make my toys to last. My attitude changed from th

44、en on.6.【2012陕西卷】My father and I stayed at the South Lake Hotel for a week when we visit Beijing last month. It is in the downtown area, but it is easy to go to anywhere from the hotel by public transport.We lived in a comfortably double-room with a big bath. What I liked best were the free high-spe

45、ed Internet connection in the room. I checked my email messages every day. I also shared for my friends many photos taking in Beijing. The food was wonderful with reasonable prices, and we enjoyed several local dish.It is such great hotel that I would recommend it to any friend of me who is going to

46、 Beijing.Li Hua7.【2012 重庆改编】Dear Grandpa,How are you those days? I have been missing you very much after I went to college a year ago. Whenever I think of the old days, I feel very happily. I still remember when I was child, you always held me in your arms and told me stories till I fall asleep. We

47、often went to the fields to enjoy the pleasant view there. You told me the name of different plants and their characteristics. Gradually, I became interesting in biology and chose to learn biology when I entered into the college. Now my friend Ann, together with me, are going to do field study and t

48、he findings will be use as materials for our research. Since well do the study in our hometown, I hope to see you by then. Yours, Daisy短文改错参考答案谓语动词的时态，主谓一致（1） are 改为 is，句子主语为动名词短语 remembering English words，故其谓语动词要用单数。（2） was 改为 were，police 作主语时，谓语动词总是用复数。（3） wants 改为 want，此句为强调句，强调的是主语 the parents a

49、nd their son，为复数。（4） were 改为 was，名词性从句作主语时，谓语动词通常用单数（5） 去掉if从句中的 will，因条件状语从句要用一般现在时表示将来意义。（6） is 改为 was，因主句中的hurt为一般过去时。 （7） 去掉been非谓语动词（to do/doing/done）（1）believe 前加 to，此句用的是 its silly of sb to do sth 句型。（2） wash 前加 to，make sb do sth 中的 do 不能带to，但若 make 用于被动语态，则其后的 do 要带 to. （3） attract 前加 to，fai

50、l to do sth 意为“未能做某事”。（4） listen 改为 listening，介词后接动名词作宾语。 （5）read 改成reading（6）Seeing改成Seen (7) developed 改成developing2）形容词、副词的辨析（1）去掉more，more 不能修饰比较级。（2）most 改为 more，the morethe more 意为“越越”。（3）real 改为 really，修饰形容词用 really，不用 real.（4） well 改为 good， nice 等，taste 在此为连系动词，后接形容词作表语。（5）carefully 改为 caref

51、ul，用形容词作表语。（6）few 改为 fewer，注意句中的 than （7）asleep 改为 sleeping， asleep 为表语形容词，不用于名词前作定语（8）.frightening 改为 frightened，frightening表示“令人害怕的”、“恐怖的”；frightened表示“感到害怕的”。3）名词的单复数（1） country 改为 countries，因其前的most 意为“大多数”。（2） time 改为 times，many times 意为“许多次”。（3） ticket 改为 tickets，因它是可数名词，且受 all the 的修饰。（4） tim

52、es 改为 time，因 time 表示“时间”时不可数。（5） peoples 改为 people，因 people 表示“人们”，本身是复数，其后不能再加词尾-s.（注：复数的peoples 表示不同的民族）（6） flower 改为 flowers，因为其后的谓语为复数。4）不定冠词与定冠词（1） nurse 前加 a，因 nurse 为可数名词。（2） such 后加 a，dinner 受形容词修饰时，其前通常要加不定冠词。（3） a 改为 an，因 umbrella 的读音以元音开头。（4） an 改为 a，因 European 的读音不是以元音开头。（5） a 改为 the，此处为

53、特指用法。（6）few 前加 a，因其前有 only 修饰，即习惯上说 only a few.5) 代词的格与数；前后一致(1)his改成my (2)me改成myself (3)me改成mine6）介词的搭配；（1）去掉for (2) 去掉into(3) 去掉 with(4) 去掉 of(5)加with(6去掉)to(7)加on(8)加on7) 连词的误用；一（1） his 改为 whose，whose 在此引导定语从句。（2） which 改为 where，where引导定语从句且在从句中用作状语；此题还可在staying后加in. （3） where 改为 which / that，也可去

54、掉 where，因visit为及物动词，此处应用关系代词作其宾语（也可省略）。（4）Thats 后加 why，否则句意不通。（5）去掉 where，否则全句没有主语。二（1） and 改为 or，or 在此表选择。（2） and 改为 or，or 在此表示“要不然”、“否则”。（3） so 改为 but，此处语意转折。（4） but 改为 so，so 在此表示因果关系8）固定词组的搭配 (1) many 之前加 as，因此处为as as 结构 (2)加for1【2009浙江】 【答案】friend-friends 【解析】考查名词数。one of 后受one of影响必须用名词复数形式，应改为

55、friends.【答案】besides-beside【解析】考查介词用法。按句意是在商店旁边，用beside.【答案】a-an【解析】考查冠词用法。由umbrella 的发音可知，元音前应使用冠词an .【答案】去掉believe后的in【解析】考查动词用法。believe 为及物动词。【答案】is-was【解析】考查动词时态。此处要把握全文时态，应用过去时来叙述过去发生的事实。【答案】gratefull-gratefully【解析】考查副词用法。副词修饰动词accept.【答案】and-but【解析】考查连词用法。按照句意前后构成转折关系，用but.【答案】everyone-someone/somebody【解析】考查不定代词用法。everyone else 错误说法，每个人，就不可能再有别人；别人应表示为someone/somebody else。【答案】possible后面用to【解析】考查固定句型。此处用 It is/was possible to do sth.句型。【答案】expect-expecting【解析】动名词用法。介词后应该用动名词形式。2.【2010浙江】1