我国橡胶坝土建工程技术规范.docx

1、中华人民共和国行业标准橡胶坝技术规范TechnicalStandardofRubberDamSL227-98前言为适应推广应用橡胶坝工程的迫切要求，使橡胶坝工程建设和管理有章可循，1995年11月水利部农村水利司下达了关于开展（橡胶坝技术规范）编制工作的通知。在水利部农村水利司的主持下，编写组立即开始工作，1996年6月完成初稿并召开了编写工作会议，1996年8月完成征求意见稿，在广泛征求意见补充修改后，于1997年10月完成送审稿，并于1998年2月召开审查会议，通过了专家审查。SL227-98橡胶坝技术规范分总则、工程规划、工程设计、施工安装、运行管理，共5$99条和5个附录。它在总结我国

2、橡胶坝工程建设经验基础上，参考并吸收了国外橡胶坝工程建设的先进技术，内容全面，技术先进、成熟，达到国际先进水平，可以指导今后橡胶坝工程建设。它所制定的技术指标合理准确，具有可操作性，并与相关技术规范协调配套。1总则1.0.1为使橡胶坝工程建设和管理做到安全可靠、技术先进、经济合理、确保质量、使用方便、美化环境、合理开发利用水资源，特制定本规范。1. 0.2本规范适用于坝高5m及其以下的袋式橡胶坝工程。坝高超过5m或特殊用途时应进行专门的技术论证和试验研究。1.0.3橡胶坝工程的建设程序，应按基本建设程序办理；如规模较小，建设程序可以简化。1.0.4橡胶坝工程的建设和管理，除执行本规范外，还应符

3、合现行有关标准和规范的规定。2工程规划2.1基本资料2. 1.1应搜集、整理、分析研究和掌握建坝地区的地形、气象、水文、工程地质、水文地质、内外交通、流域（或地区）水利综合利用规划、社会经济和环境评价等基本资料。4大修：当工程发生较大损坏或设备老化，修复工程量大，技术较复杂时，应有计划进行工程整修或设备更新。5.3.2坝袋维护修理：1坝袋表面可涂刷防老化涂层，防老化涂层的施工工艺和方法见附录E。2必须及时清除袋体和坝袋坍落区底板上的砂石等杂物，排除河中危及坝袋安全的漂浮物。3当坝袋破损时，应根据损伤程度采用不同的修补方法，详见附录E。5.3.3锚固件维护修理：1锚固件（含钢、铁、木及混凝土）如

4、有松动等，必须按安装要求旋紧、压牢、补齐，腐蚀严重或劈裂的予以更换。2金属锚因件应定期除锈和涂刷防锈剂。3木质锚固件应防止生物蛀蚀和腐烂。4应及时清除坝袋附近的淤积物。5.3.4充排设备维护修理：1充排设备中的管道、闸阀等易锈蚀构件，应定期除锈和涂刷防锈剂。2充排设备（如电动机、水泵、空压机（风机）、法兰、闸阀等）出现故障或损坏，必须及时排除故障，进行修复或更换。3必须随时清除滞留在充排水口和安全溢流孔内的淤积物及其它杂物。4必须保持安全溢流孔和排气孔的畅通。5.3.5土工建筑物、石工建筑物、混凝土建筑物的养护修理可参照水闸技术管理规程（SL7594）中的有关规定执行。5.4运行控制5.4.1

5、管理单位应根据建坝用途和工程特点，制定运行方案和操作规程，经上级主管部门批准后，必须严格执行。5.4.2严禁坝袋超高超压运用，即充水（或气）不得超过设计内压力。单向挡水的橡胶坝，严禁双向运用。5.4.3汛期应与上游水利管理部门联系，根据气象和水文预报及时掌握水情，提前采取安全保护措施。5.4.4修建在多泥沙河流上的橡胶坝工程，应采取泄洪防淤措施。5.4.5坝顶溢流时，可改变坝高来调节溢流水深从而避免坝袋发生振动。5.4.6寒冷地区的充水式橡胶坝冬季宜坍坝越冬；若不能坍坝越冬，应在临水面采取防冻破冰措施；冰凌过坝时，对坝袋应采取保护措施。5.4.7橡胶坝挡水期间，在高温季节为降低坝袋表面温度，可

6、将坝高适当地降低，在坝顶上面短时间保持一定的溢流水深。5.4.8对于多跨橡胶坝，坍坝时应均匀对称、缓慢坍落，避免下游有害冲刷。5.4.9坍坝泄流前应事先通知有关单位和部门，并以各种有效信号对危险区域发出警告。附录A橡胶坝泄洪能力计算A. 0.1橡胶坝泄洪能力，可按堰流基本公式计算：Q=eB屁曾（A0）式中Q过坝流量，【/s；B溢流断面的平均宽度,m；ho计人行近流速水头的堰顶水头，m：m一一流量系数；。一一淹没系数，可取宽顶堰的试验数据；£一堰流侧收缩系数，与边界条件有关。A. 0.2橡胶坝的流量系数介于宽顶堰与曲线型实用堰之间，坝袋完全坍平时，可视作宽顶堰,流量系数m=0.330.

7、36；坝袋充胀时，可视为曲线型实用堰，流量系数m=0.360.45。A. 0.3橡胶坝在运用中，流量系数可按如下公式计算：1）单锚固充水橡胶坝流量系数：m=0.138+0.018h,/H+0.152Ho/H+O.032h2/H（A.0.3-1）式中II。坝袋内压水头，m;H一一运行时坝袋充胀的实际坝高，m;h,坝上游水深，m；h2坝下游水深，mo以上各值均以坝底为基准面。溢流时的坝高可量测或用下式计算：(A.0.3-2)(A.0.3-3)(A.0.3-4)H/Hi=O.51380.7673h<H】十0.8742Ho/H,+0.1452h2/H,式中H,设计坝高，mo2）双锚固充水橡胶坝流

8、量系数:m=0.1630+0.0913h/H+0.O951Ho/H+O.0037h2/HH/HO.2127-0.2533h1/Hl+0.7053出/再+0.1088瓦/出3）双锚固充气橡胶坝流量系数:3）双锚固充气橡胶坝流量系数:护0.0930+0.2720h1/H-0.O2OOHo/H+O.0270h2/H(A.0.3-5)H/11,0.6275+0.0802h,/H1+0.O976Ho/Ih+O.2372h?/比(A.0.3-6)公式适用范围是：H-WhoWO.45。附录B坝袋设计计算B.1一般规定B.1.1坝袋设计计算应分为充水式与充气式橡胶坝两部分。计算内容宜包括：坝袋径向拉力,坝袋环

9、向各部尺寸，坝袋单宽容积，坝袋堵头轮廓坐标等。B.1.2橡胶坝袋设计计算工况应为上游水深等于坝高，下游无水的情况。B.2充水式橡胶坝设计计算B.2.1坝袋各项设计参数可通过数解法按下列公式计算坝袋径向计算强度(B.2.1-1)式中式中T坝袋径向计算强度，kN/m；Y水的容重，kN/m3；a内压比，Ho/Hi；H（）内压水头，m；H.一一设计坝高，in。可将充胀后的坝袋轮廓分成四个部分：上游坝面曲线段长度S”下游坝面曲线段长度S,上游贴地段长度n,下游贴地段长度Xo（参见图B.2.l）o1)采用单锚线锚固坝袋的有效周长（不包括锚固长度）为Lfl=Si+S+n+X0Lfl=Si+S+n+X0(B.

10、2.1-2)2)2)采用双锚线锚固坝袋的有效周火（不包括锚固怆度）为L0=S,+S(B.2.1-3)3)采用双锚线锚固的底垫片有效长度（不包括锚团长度）为lo=n+Xo(B.2.1-4)坝袋各部分n、Si、S与X。的计算公式如下:(B.2.1-5)当aW1.5时，sin-1-(B.2.1-7)R当a>1.5时，x-sin_1-(B.2.1-8)RS=(1-1/2a)%F(k,n/2)(B.2.1-9)Xo=(a-1+1/2a)H.-F(k,兀/2)-aH】E(k,兀/2)(B.2.1-10)上游坝面曲线段半径R的计算式为R=2a-l/4(a-l)/H,(B.2.1-11)其中F（k,兀/

11、2）、E（k,兀/2）分别为第一、第二类完全椭圆积分。5=。不柘;"(B.2.1-12)E(kt2)=fJl尸sin2归廿丹E(kt2)=fJl尸sin2归廿丹(B.2.1-13)k2=2aT/a23坝袋单宽容积V(k)V=1/2R20-l/2n(R-HJ+aIWo(B.2.1-15)4坝袋横面曲线坐标。坐标选取见图B.2.Io上游坝面曲线段坐标X=-2RH2(B.2.1-16)下游坝面线段坐标X=Xo-(a-1+1/2a)H.-F(k,(K)+qHlE(k,S)(B.2.1一17)(B.2.1-14)图B.2.1充水式橡胶坝示意图其中F（k,饥）、E（k、其中F（k,饥）、E（k、

12、分别为第一、第二类不完全椭圆积分。"F）叩忐亍“sin2sint(B.2.1-18)(B.2.1-19)(B.2.1-20)2iT-lB. 2.2坝袋各项设计参数也可通过下列查表格法进行计算:1表B.2.2-1是根据数解法的公式计算所得的充水式橡胶坝坝袋设计参数表，可供设计时直接查用。计算与V时，只需把表中数字乘以设计坝高的平方；其它各项把表中数字乘以设计坝高即为设计时的使用值。表B.2.2-1充水式橡胶坝坝袋设计参数表aT/H2,S./H,S/H,Xo/H.N/H.R/HiV/H2.1.010.25507.16503.03.62.02.97.071125.50006.77401.0

13、50.27503.36912.32191.27783.16235.50003.49141.100.30002.52322.06730.98672.23613.00002.63421.110.30502.43212.03590.94882.13202.77272.53521.120.31002.35362.00810.91462.04122.58332.44841.130.31502.28511.98320.88381.96122.42312.37151.140.32002.22491.96090.85521.88982.28572.30281.150.32502.17141.94070.829

14、21.82572.16672.24091.160.33002.12361.92230.80511.76782.06252.18471.170.33502.08051.90560.78281.71501.97062.13351.180.34002.04161.89010.76201.66671.88892.08651.190.34502.00621.87590.74251.62221.81582.04331.200.35001.97381.86280.72431.58111.75002.00331.210.35501.94411.85060.70711.54301.69051.96611.220

15、.36001.91681.83930.69091.50761.63641.93151.230.36501.89151.82880.67561.47441.58701.89921.240.37001.86821.81890.66111.44341.54171.86891.250.37501.84641.80970.64731.41421.50001.84051.260.38001.82621.80100.63431.38681.46151.81371.270.38501.80731.79280.62181.36081.42591.78841.280.39001.78961.78520.60991

16、.33631.39291.76451.290.39501.77311.77790.59851.31311.36211.74191.300.40001.75751.77110.58761.29101.33331.72041.310.40501.74281.76460.57721.27001.30651.70001.320.41001.72901.75850.56721.25001.28131.68061.330.41501.71601.75260.55761.23091.25761.66201.340.42001.70731.74710.54831.21271.23531.64441.350.4

17、2501.69201.74180.53941.19521.21431.62751.360.43001.68091.73680.53091.17851.19441.61131.370.43501.67041.73200.52261.16251.17571.59581.380.44001.66041.72750.51461.14711.15791.58091.390.44501.65091.72310.50691.13231.14101.56671.400.45001.64191.71900.49951.11801.12501.55301.410.45501.63331.71500.49231.1

18、0431.10981.53981.420.46001.62501.71120.48531.09111.09521.52711.430.46501.61721.70750.47861.07831.08141.51491.440.47001.60971.70400.47201.06601.06821.50311.450.47501.60251.70070.46571.05411.05561.49171.460.48001.59561.69750.45951.04261.04351.48071.470.48501.58591.69440.45351.03141.03191.47011.480.490

19、01.58271.69140.44771.02061.02081.45981.490.49501.57661.68850.44211.01021.01021.44991.500.50001.57081.68580.43661.00001.00001.44031.510.50501.56521.68310.43120.99010.99021.43091.520.51001.55981.68050.42600.98060.98081.42191.530.51501.55461.67810.42100.97130.97171.41311.540.52001.54971.67570.41600.962

20、30.96301.40461.550.52501.54491.67340.41120.95350.95451.39461.560.53001.54021.67110.40650.94490.94641.38841.570.53501.53581.66900.40200.93660.93861.38061.580.54001.53151.66690.39750.92850.93101.37301.590.54501.52731.66490.39310.92060.92371.36561.600.55001.52331.66300.38890.91290.91671.35841.610.55501

21、.51951.66110.38470.90540.90981.35151.620.56001.51571.65930.38070.89800.90321.34461.630.56501.51211.65750.37670.89090.89681.33801.640.57001.50861.65580.37280.88390.89061.33161.650.57501.50531.65410.36900.87710.88461.32531.660.58001.50201.65250.36560.87040.87881.31911.670.58501.49881.65100.36170.86390

22、.87311.31311.680.59001.49581.64950.35810.85750.86761.30731.690.59501.49281.64800.34560.85130.86231.30151.701.721.741.761.781.801.851.901.952.002.102.202.302.402.500.60001.49881.64660.35120.84520.85710.61001.48441.64380.34460.83330.84720.62001.47931.64120.33820.82200.83780.63001.47441.63880.33210.811

23、10.82890.64001.46981.63650.32620.80060.82050.65001.46551.63640.32060.79060.81250.67501.45571.62930.30730.76700.79410.70001.44711.62480.29510.74540.77780.72501.43961.62090.28390.72550.76320.75001.43301.61740.27350.70710.75000.80001.42201.61140.25500.67420.72730.85001.41331.60650.23890.64550.70830.900

24、01.40631.60250.22480.62020.69230.95001.40081.59910.21230.59760.67861.00001.39631.59620.20110.57740.66671.29601.28521.27491.26501.25561.24651.22541.20631.18881.17281.14451.12031.09931.08081.06452表B.2.2-2为充水式橡胶坝在设计条件下的下游坝面曲线坐标表,用于绘制下游坝面曲线。将坝高分成20等分，求出坝袋下游相应点的水平坐标值，列入表中。使用时只须把表中数字乘以设计坝高即为实用值。上游坝面曲线坐标，可

25、直接由式(B.2.1-16)求出。表B.2.2-2充水式橡胶坝下游坝面曲线坐标表y/H,*0.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.400.451.051.27781.43241.48591.51921.54031.55241.55681.55441.54541.53001.100.98671.14481.20001.23471.25731.27081.27671.27601.26891.25551.110.94881.10751.16291.19801.22081.23451.24081.24031.23351.22061.120.91461.07391.12971

26、.16501.18801.20201.20861.20841.20191.18931.130.88351.04351.09961.13511.15841.17271.17951.17961.17341.16121.140.85521.01581.07211.10791.13151.14601.15301.15341.14751.13561.150.82920.99031.04691.08301.10681.12151.12881.12941.12391.11231.160.80510.96681.02371.06001.08401.09901.10651.10741.10211.09081.1

27、70.78280.94511.00221.03871.06301.07821.08591.08711.08211.07111.180.76200.92480.98221.01901.04341.05891.06681.06821.06351.05281.190.74250.90590.96361.00061.02521.04091.04911.05071.04621.03581.200.72430.88820.94610.98331.00821.02401.03241.03431.03001.01991.210.70710.87160.92970.96710.99221.00831.01691

28、.01901.01491.00501.220.69090.85590.91430.95190.97720.99341.00231.00451.00080.99111.230.67560.84110.89970.93750.96300.97950.98850.99100.98740.97801.240.66110.82710.88600.92400.94960.96630.97550.97820.97480.96571.250.64730.81380.87290.91110.93700.95380.96320.96610.96300.95401.260.63430.80120.86050.898

29、90.92490.94190.95150.95460.95170.94301.270.62180.78920.84870.88730.91350.93070.94040.94370.94100.93251.280.60990.77770.83750.87630.90260.92000.92990.93340.93090.92261.290.59850.76680.82680.86570.89230.90980.91990.92350.92120.91311.300.58760.75640.81650.85570.88240.90000.91030.91410.91200.90411.310.5

30、7720.74640.80670.84600.87290.89070.90120.90250.90320.89551.320.56720.73680.79740.83680.86390.88180.89240.89660.89480.88731.330.55760.72760.78840.82800.85520.87330.88410.88840.88680.87951.240.54830.71880.77970.81950.84690.86510.87610.88050.87910.87201.350.53940.71030.77140.81140.83890.85730.86840.873

31、00.87170.86481.360.53090.70210.76340.80350.83120.84980.86100.86580.86460.85791.370.52260.69420.75570.79600.82380.84250.85390.85880.85780.85121.380.51460.68660.74830.78870.81670.83550.84700.85210.85130.84491.390.50690.67930.74120.78170.80980.82880.84040.84570.84500.83871.400.49950.67220.73430.77500.8

32、0320.82230.83410.83940.83890.83281.410.49230.66540.72760.76840.79680.81600.82790.83340.83310.82711.420.48530.65880.72110.76210.79060.81000.82200.82770.82740.82161.430.47860.65240.71490.75600.78460.80410.81630.82210.82200.81631.440.47200.64620.70890.75010.77890.79850.81080.81670.81670.81121.450.46570

33、.64020.70300.74440.77330.79300.80540.81140.81160.80621.460.45950.63440.69740.73890.76780.78770.80030.80640.80670.80141.470.45350.62870.69190.73350.76260.78260.79520.80150.80190.7968续表1.2地形资料应包括工程规划区域地形图、坝址地形图、回水区域地形图、河道纵横断面图等；测量范围应根据工程任务和规模确定，各种图的比例尺应符合有关规范要求。y/h,笑0.500.550.600.650.700.750.800.850.9

34、00.951.001.051.50791.47881.44181.39581.33921.26941.18211.07000.91840.68870.00001.101.23591.20961.17601.13421.08291.02000.94210.84380.71390.52470.00001.111.20141.17551.14251.10141.05100.98920.91280.81650.68980.50590.00001.121.17051.14511.11271.07231.02260.96190.88690.79250.66860.48950.00001.131.14271

35、.11781.08591.04610.99730.93750.86380.77120.64980.47500.00001.141.11751.09301.06161.02240.97430.91550.84300.75200.63300.46220.00001.151.09461.07051.03951.00090.95350.89550.82420.73470.61790.45060.00001.161.07351.04981.01930.98130.93450.87730.80700.71900.60430.44020.00001.171.05401.03071.00070.96320.9

36、1710.86070.79140.70460.59180.43080.00001.181.03611.01310.98350.94650.90100.84530.77700.69150.58040.42210.00002. 1.3水文气象资料应包括流域概况和河道特征、坝址河段的洪（枯）水流量、含沙量、冰情、水质、漂浮物以及气温、降水、蒸发、湿度、风力、风向、日照、冰冻期、冻土深、潮汐等。2.1.4工程地质和水文地质资料，按中小型水利水电工程地质勘察规范（SL55-93）要求进行必要的地质勘察工作，应有坝址地质纵横断面图、地基和天然建筑材料的物理力学指标、地下水位、比降、水质等资料。2. 1.5

37、应搜集有关橡胶坝袋生产厂家产品、规格以及已建橡胶坝工程资料。2.2坝址选择2. 2.1应根据橡胶坝特点利运用要求。综合考虑地形、地质、水流、泥沙、环境影响等因素,经过技术经济比较后确定坝址。2. 2.2坝址宜选在河段相对顺直、水流流态平顺及岸坡稳定的河段；不宣选在冲刷和淤积变化大、断面变化频繁的河段。2. 2.3坝址选择应考虑施工导流、交通运输、供水供电、运行管理、坝袋检修等条件。2. 2.4坝址选择应有利于枢纽工程总体布置。重要工程应有水工模型试验论证。2. 3工程规模及枢纽布置2. 3.1工程规模应根据水文水利计算研究确定。2.3.2工程布置宜包括土建、坝体、充排和安全观测系统等。应做到布

38、局合理、结构简单、安全可靠、运行方便、造型美观。坝轴线应与坝址处河段水流方向相垂直。2. 3.3坝长应与河（渠）宽度相适应，坍坝时应能满足河道设计行洪要求，单跨坝长度应满足坝袋制造、运输、安装、检修以及管理要求。2. 3.4取水工程应保证进水曰取水和防沙的可靠性。2. 3.5坝袋设计高度应根据工程规划，满足综合用水要求确定。坝顶高程宜高于上游正常水位0.1-0.2m,坝顶泄洪能力可按附录A计算。2. 3.6坝底板尺寸布置应包括坝底板高程、厚度及顺水流方向上宽度等。1坝底板高程应根据地形、地质、水位、流量、泥沙、施工及检修条件等确定，宜比上游河床地形平均高程适当提高0.20.伽。2坝底板厚度应满

39、足充排水（气）管路及锚固结构布置要求。3顺水流方向的坝底板宽度应按照坝袋坍平宽度以及安装和检修的要求确定。2. 3.7防渗排水布置应根据坝基地质条件和坝上、下游水位差等因素，结合底板、消能和两岸布置综合考虑，构成完整的防渗排水系统。1.191.01940.99680.96760.93100.88610.83110.76370.67940.56990.41420.00001.201.00380.98150.95270.91660.87220.81800.75130.66820.56020.40700.00001.210.98920.96730.93890.90320.85940.80570.73

40、990.65770.55130.40030.00001.220.97560.95400.92590.89070.84730.79430.72920.64810.54300.39400.00001.230.96280.94150.91370.87890.83600.78360.71930.63900.53520.38820.00001.240.95070.92970.90230.86790.82540.77360.70990.63060.52800.38280.00001.250.93930.91860.89150.85740.81550.76410.70110.62260.52120.3778

41、0.00001.260.92850.90810.88130.84760.80610.75520.69290.61520.51480.37310.00001.270.91830.89810.87170.83830.79720.74680.68510.60820.50880.36860.00001.280.90860.88870.86250.82950.78870.73890.67770.60150.50320.36440.00001.290.89940.87970.85380.82110.78080.73130.67070.59520.49780.36050.00001.300.89060.87

42、120.84560.81320.77320.72420.66410.58930.49280.35670.00001.310.88220.86300.83770.80560.76600.71740.65780.58370.48800.35320.00001.320.87420.85530.83020.79840.75910.71090.65180.57830.48340.34990.00001.330.86660.84780.82300.79150.75250.70480.64610.57320.47910.34670.00001.240.85920.84070.81620.78490.7463

43、0.69890.64070.56830.47500.34370.00001.350.85220.83390.80960.77870.74030.69330.63550.56370.47110.34080.00001.360.84550.82740.80330.77260.73460.68790.63060.55930.46730.33800.00001.370.83910.82120.79730.76880.72910.68270.62580.55500.46380.33540.00001.380.83290.81520.79150.76130.72380.67780.61690.55100.

44、46030.33290.00001.390.82690.80940.78590.75600.71880.67310.62130.54710.45710.33050.00001.400.82110.80380.78060.75090.71390.66850.61280.54330.45390.32820.00001.410.81560.79850.77540.74590.70920.66410.60870.53980.45090.32600.00001.420.81030.79330.77040.74120.70470.65990.60490.53630.44800.32390.00001.43

45、0.80510.78830.76570.73660.70040.65590.60120.53300.44520.32190.00001.440.80020.78350.76100.73220.69620.65200.59760.52980.44260.31990.00001.450.79540.77890.75660.72790.69220.64820.59410.52680.44000.31800.00001.460.79070.77440.75230.72380.68830.64460.59080.52380.43750.31620.00001.470.78620.77010.74810.

46、71990.68460.64110.58760.52100.43510.31450.0000续表y/h.0.000.050.100.150.200.250.300.350.400.451.480.44770.62320.68650.72830.75750.77760.79040.79680.79730.79231.490.44210.61790.68130.72320.75260.77280.78570.79220.79280.78801.500.43660.61270.67630.71830.74780.76810.78110.78770.78850.78381.510.43120.6077

47、0.67140.71360.74310.76360.77660.78340.78430.77971.520.42600.60280.66670.70890.73860.75910.77230.77920.78020.77571.530.42100.59800.66200.70440.73420.75480.76810.77510.77620.77181.540.41600.59340.65750.70000.72990.75070.76410.77110.77240.76811.550.41120.58890.65310.69580.72570.74660.76010.76730.76860.76451.560.40650.58450.64890.69160.72170.74260.75620.76350.76500.76091.570