矿井提升机主轴装置设计（含CAD图纸和说明书）
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本科毕业设计（论文）中期检查表指导教师： 职称： 所在系部（单位）： 机械动力与工程学院 教研室（研究室）： 机设教研室 题 目矿井提升机主轴装置设计学生姓名 专业班级 学号 一、选题质量（主要从以下四个方面填写：1、选题是否符合专业培养目标，能否体现综合训练要求；2、题目难易程度；3、题目工作量；4、题目与生产、科研、经济、社会、文化及实验室建设等实际的结合程度）1， 该选题为矿井提升机主轴装置设计，可以对我们大学四年所学知识进行一次大而全面的练习。2， 这将对我们以后工作起到十分有效的帮助，也能达到一个综合训练的效果，又加强了实际的动手动脑能力。3， 题目的难易程度很适中，对我们既是一个挑战也是一个很好的锻炼提高过程。4， 题目的工作量：要求完成3.5张以上的A0图纸，2.53万的说明书一份。5， 选题不但能紧密的结合生产和实践，也是在我们所学习过的范围之类，对我们 以后不管是科研还是从事实际的工作对有很大的帮助。二、开题报告完成情况在老师指导和同学们的帮助之下，我顺利的开始我本次毕业设计。我在自己经过一些查阅资料的前提下，慢慢的摸索出了一些门道。 由于我们这次是第一次独立的矿井提升机主轴装置设计，在以前接触这方面的知识较少，所以在刚开始就不是很顺利，甚至感到有些无从下手，但是经过和指导老师的提示和与本组同学的商量之后， 我逐渐找到是设计的切入点，顺利的完成了开题报告。并有了一定的成果和进行了一些前期的工作，并使本次设计有了一个良好的开始。最后我在查阅了一些资料以后，现在已经进入了计算设计过程，我将在以后工作中继续努力，认真完成这次毕业设计。三、阶段性成果 1通过对矿井提升机系统的学习，在加上老师的仔细讲解，我收集了大量的资料和文献，为设计的顺利完成打下了坚实的基础。 2. 在老师的指导和同学的帮助下找到了设计的基本方法，开始了一些基本的原理设计，并取得了一定成果。 3. 完成了开题报告。 4进行了前期的一些工作和设计，对整个设计有了一个大体的方案。四、存在主要问题 由于我们这次是第一次独立的矿井提升机主轴装置设计，所以在刚开始就不是很顺利，对做一个毕业设计的基本知识都没有认识，后来找了指导老师，老师给我在他去年指导毕业设计的基础上，针对我们本科生以前存在的问题，进行了仔细的讲解，然后我再与本组其他同学的商量之后，我慢慢的自己逐渐找到是设计的切入点，我觉得这对我以后有很大的作用。 但是随着设计的逐渐进行我有遇到了许多的新的和更加复杂的问题，这些问题使我充分认识到了自己在以前学习中的不足和自己与一些同学的差距，所以我要以本次设计问契机加强自己在学习上薄弱环节，争取使我的毕业设计能够取得好的成绩，也能够使我所学的知识能够在以后的工作中发挥更大的作用。五、指导教师对学生在毕业实习中，劳动、学习纪律及毕业设计（论文）进展等方面的评语指导教师： （签名） 年 月 日 本科毕业设计（论文）中英文对照翻译 院（系部） 万方科技学院机械与动力工程系 专业名称 机械设计制造及其自动化 年级班级 学生姓名 指导老师 年5月 本科毕业设计（论文）开题报告题目名称矿井提升机主轴装置设计学生姓名 专业班级 学号 一、选题的目的和意义矿井提升机是矿山的大型固定设备之一，是联系井下与地面的主要运输工具。矿井提升工作是整个采矿过程中的重要环节。从地下采出的煤炭、矿石必须提升至地面才有实际应用价值。废石的提升，工作人员、材料及设备的升降等都要靠提升工作来完成。矿井提升设备就是完成上述工作的多种机电设备组成的大型成套装备。 选择矿井提升机主轴组件设计能够掌握和加深领会设计计算的基本理论和深化所学的理论知识。树立正确的设计思想和思路，为以后在工作中遇到相关问题提供解决依据。通过本次毕业设计，能够对矿井提升机有个全面的认识，对矿井提升机主轴的结构、组成、功能和性能等都有了全面的认知，能够独立的完成设计对自己设计能力和实践能力都有很大的提高，不仅仅在理论上加深认知，更通过自己实际的设计操作使自己的动手能力有了很大的提高。通过本次设计能使我们把先前学习的基础和专业基础课程中所获得的理论知识在实际的设计工作中综合地加以应用，通过毕业设计能够熟练应用有关参考资料、计算图表、手册等相关资料；熟悉有关的国家标准和颁部标准，为以后成为优秀的工程技术人员打下良好的基础，也为以后工作积累一些经验。二、国内外研究综述矿山提升机是矿山大型固定机械之一，矿山提升机从最初的蒸汽机拖动的单绳缠绕式提升机发展到今天的交交变频直接拖动的多声摩擦式提升机和双绳缠绕式提升机，经历了170多年的发展史。目前，国内外经常使用的提升机有但绳缠绕式和多绳摩擦式两种形式，它的主回路和磁场回路均采用电力电子器件，实现变频和整流。由于采集设备，是井下与地面联系的重要工具。电力电子技术较早就用于矿井提升机的传动，并且发展迅速，从60年代的模拟控制SCR-D直流提升机发展到目前最先进的同步机内用交流电机，没有电刷问题，提升机容量可以大幅度增加，例如南非帕拉波矿井内装式提升机电机功率达6300kW。我国东欢坨、大雁、陈四楼等矿均引进了内装式提升机。目前，全数字电力电子器件构成的国产直流提升机已占领了国内市场，并开始出口。但是由于我国的科技和生产水平的限制，我国的矿井提升机还有很大一部分需要依赖于进口。三、毕业设计所用的方法1在图书馆借阅相关书籍、论文等，并进行整理。2在学校数据库查找相关资料。3在网上查找相关资料。4对找到的资料和数据进行分析和计算。5整合查到的数据和资料开始写毕业论文。6论文撰写按构思框架、编写提纲、专题研讨几个步骤进行。在编写过程中征求老师和同学的意见使论文内容更加全面。四、主要参考文献与资料获得情况【1】洪晓华，矿井提升运输（第二版）.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，2005【2】潘英等，通用机械设计M.徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，2003【3】洪晓华，陈军.矿井运输提升. 徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，2005【4】谢锡纯，李晓豁.矿山机械与设备（第二版）. 徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，2007【5】潘英，矿山机械提升设计. 徐州：中国矿业大学出版社，2000【6】李仪钰，矿山提升运输机械.北京：冶金工业出版社，1989【7】于忠升，宋伟刚. 矿山运输提升.沈阳：东北大学出版社，1992五、指导教师审批意见 指导教师： （签名）年 月 日外文资料：Research on Detection Device for Broken Wires of Coal Mine-Hoist CableWANG Hong-yao1, HUA Gang1, TIAN Jie21School of Information and Electrical Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221008, China2School of Mechanical Electronic and Information Engineering, China University of Mining & Technology, Beijing 100083, ChinaAbstract: In order to overcome the flaws of present domestic devices for detecting faulty wires such as low precision,low sensitivity and instability, a new instrument for detecting and processing the signal of flux leakage caused by broken wires of coal mine-hoist cables is investigated. The principle of strong magnetic detection was adopted in the equipment. Wires were magnetized by a pre-magnetic head to reach magnetization saturation. Our special feature is that the number of flux-gates installed along the circle direction on the wall of sensors is twice as large as the number of strands in the wire cable. Neighboring components are connected in series and the interference on the surface of the wire cable, produced by leakage from the flux field of the wire strands, is efficiently filtered. The sampled signal sequence produced by broken wires, which is characterized by a three-dimensional distribution of the flux-leakage field on the surface of the wire cable, can be dimensionally condensed and characteristically extracted. A model of a BP neural network is built and the algorithm of the BP neural network is then used to identify the number of broken wires quantitatively. In our research, we used a 637+FC, 24 mm wire cable as our test object. Randomly several wires were artificially broken and damaged to different degrees. The experiments were carried out 100 times to obtain data for 100 groups from our samples. The data were then entered into the BP neural network and trained. The network was then used to identify a total 16 wires, broken at five different locations. The test data proves that our new device can enhance the precision in detecting broken and damaged wires.Key words: wire cable; broken wire; signal processing; detection deviceCLC number: TB 421 IntroductionIt is well-known that coal mine-hoist cables are an important part in coal mine-hoists or transportation systems. Wires are, in fact, subjected to breakage due to wear, corrosion and fatigue. The extent of damage and the carrying capacity of wires are directly related to the safety of equipment and staff. At present, there are many detection devices for broken steel cables manufactured in China, but most devices do not meet the conditions ideally required in practice. The reasons are largely the complex structure of wires, bad working conditions, the multiplicity and uncertainty of broken wires. It is therefore quite difficult to detect signs of broken wires as well as to analyze and process detected signal of broken wires in cables 1.A new instrument for broken wires detection and procession of coal mine-hoist cables was investigatedfor this paper. With the special structure of a detection transducer, the interfering signal from the leakage field of wire twists can be filtered efficiently. After the extraction of dimensional contraction and characteristic values of multi-ways signals, a quantitative BP neural network recognition for broken wires in steel cables was realized. The test results are presented.2 Basic Structural Principle of the On-Line Detection Instrument for Coal Mine-Hoist CableThe structural principle of the on-line detection device for wire cables studied by us is shown in Fig. 1.The detection transducer is composed of two semicircle cylindrical structures which can be opened or closed. The magnetic sensing unit is a fluxgate unit made of a single magnetic core and is single-winding. Some magnetic sensing units are evenly arranged around the inner wall of the transducer, the number of which is twice as many as the number of the wire strands in the inspected cable. As well, two neighboring units are connected in series to a detection channel.Consequently, the number of detection channels of the detection instrument is equal to the number of wire strands in the cable.Fig. 1 Structural principle of detection instrument for broken wires in coal mine-hoist cables.After being filtered and reshaped, the detection signal from each channel is sent to the signal processing unit. The analog detection signal is converted into adiscrete dimensional sequence of sampling values by multi-channel A/D conversion, followed by a characteristic extraction, a BP neural network recognition and the output of the result. When viewed separately, the leakage field signal detected by each single fluxgate unit is the leakage field intensity in the steel cable where the corresponding fluxgate units are located. That is, the outputsignal Zjk of any jth test unit is:where FC is the structural parameter of the fluxgate, the width of the drive square-wave, s the saturated magneto-conductivity rate, B c, j the magneticinduction intensity of the leakage field produced by broken wires, Br, j the magnetic induction intensity of the leakage field produced by wire cable twists, Zf j the signal value of broken wires and Z r, j the value of the interference signal produced by wire cable twists.After , F C ，a , us , Fare assured, F is a constant.After the wire cables are deeply magnetized, the numerical value of sis very small. As a result, the value of c, j is larger and there is no need to magnify and process the detection signal again. When the sensor is operating along wire cables at a specified speed, the signals detected by each of the magnetic fluxgate units can effectively show the three-dimensional distribution status of magnetic flux leakage, generated at the surface of wire cables24.3 Filtration of the Wavelike Oscillation Interference Signal Produced by Cable Wire TwistsThe signal of broken wires from wire cables obtained by a single fluxgate detection unit of the transducer (formula (1) contains all kinds of interfering signals. The effect of the wavelike oscillation magnetic flux leakage B r, j due to the special structure of the steel cables is largest, which directly affects the detection of broken or damaged wires, especially in coal mine-hoist cables. We should consider the possibility of filtering the interference signals. In formula (1), the interference signal r, j caused by a wavelike oscillation shows up as periodic variation. This kind of wavelike oscillation interferencesignal can be regarded approximately as a sine wave,as shown in Fig. 2.Fig. 2 Wavelike oscillation interference signalproduced by the cable twistOver the length direction of wire cables, its variation period T is a Lay length of cable wire strands. At the circle direction of the wire cable, its variation period is the reciprocal of the number of outer wire strands of the circle length of the wire cable. Therefore, the wavelike oscillation interference signal of the jth detection channel can be expresse d as: jwhere a is the Direct Current Component of the wavelike oscillation signal, m the Alternating Current Component magnitude of the wavelike oscillartion signal, T represents the value of periods, y is the position of the detection unit, starting from the initial spot, j the initial phase of the wavelike oscillation signal, N the number of wire strands of the steel cable, and is the number of detection units. cObviously when c , i.e., when the number of detection units doubles the number of outer strands of the wire cable, the wavelike oscillation signal contained in the leakage magnetic field signal inspected by any two neighboring detection units is in a reversal phase. Therefore, when the neighboring detection units along the inner wall of the cylinder of the transducer structure are connected forward into a test channel in series two by two, it is equivalent to adding the (j+1)th test channel signal to the jth test channel signal. Thus the strand peak value of the wavelike oscillation signal compensates for the strand value for the moment. That is, at this moment, the only remaining wavelike oscillation signal is the Direct Current ComponenAt this moment, the magnetic field signal of leakage from any of the inspection channels made up of the fluxgate array should be:of this formula can be eliminated when the zero detection position is adjusted. Therefore, we considered that the wavelike oscillation interference signal of cable wires is filtered by formula (4). After this pretreatment, each leakage from broken wires, shown by magnetic field signals from the transducer, becomes a channel sample value by A/D conversion, as shown in Fig. 3.Fig. 3 Multi-channel sampling value of broken wiresignals from wire cables4 Extraction of Characteristic Value of Signals from Broken WiresAs is shown in Fig. 3, the N-channel inspection signals from the transducer becomes its sampling sequence by A/D conversion. If the number of samples of the signals of broken wires is K, the sequence of broken wire sample signals of the jth channel can be expressed as a row vector with K elements.The N-channel signal sequence will make up a N-dimensional series vector group of broken wiresignals:At this moment, Z is a characteristic matrix of broken wires and it contains all the information on the status of the broken wires. NK Given the analysis of repeated experiments, the width of the diffused leakage from the magnetic fieldon the surface of wire cables created by broken wires is not larger than 20 mm. When the speed of the inspected wire cable is 3 m/s and the sampling interval is 1.2 mm, the number of samples K is 16 at most. When the number of inspection channels is N=4, Z should be a 416 matrix. If the analysis of the characteristic matrix of broken or damaged wires Z were directly carried out, the analytical process would be very complex and would need to be carried out as acomparison and judgment of the sequential value of each line. So instead, we carried out a reduction in the order processing of formula (6), i.e., we carried out a dimensional contraction. According to a lemma of theoretical linear algebra Z can also be expressed as:where are arbitrary, independent base vectors. h is the characteristic vector of one-dimensional broken wires expected to be obtained after dimensionalcontraction. So long as the appropriate t is found, h can be derived:According to the L-K transformation principle, when the value of t is the latent vector of the covariance matrix z P of Z, the transformation error is a minimum, i.e., t satisfies the characteristic equationwhere j is the characteristic value of z and I is an identity matrix. Represented by formula (8), the expected characteristic vector h of the broken wires could be obtained via the dimensional contraction. The process of transformation of the dimensional contraction is, in fact, a conversion from a N-dimensional characteristic vector to a one-dimensional vector. P The average of the one-dimensional h sequence is regarded as an eigenvector which represents each state of the N-channel broken wire signals:5 ConclusionsOur detection of broken wires in steel cables is a quantitative inspection method. It will identify not only whether there are broken wires or not, but also will identify the position and number of broken wires. By combining transducer detection technology and computer technology and using advanced signal processing technology, we can effectively enhance theprecision and sensitivity of detection devices to realize the automation and the intellectualization of the detection equipment.中文翻译：对煤矿矿井提升机钢丝绳损毁的钢丝检测装置的研究王宏姚，华岗， 田杰1信息和电气工程系，中国矿业科技大学，江苏徐州221008 ，中国2机械电子信息工程系，中国矿业科技大学，北京100083 ，中国 摘要： 为了克服目前国内钢丝故障检测设备的缺陷，如低精度，低灵敏度和不稳定，一个新的由煤矿-提升机钢丝绳所造成的漏磁信号的检测和处理装置已经研制出。强磁场检测的原理应用在该设备中，钢丝由前磁头磁化强度达到饱和。我们特别的特点是安装在沿圆圈方向上传感器的内壁数目通量是在钢丝绳中两倍大的数目。周边组件系列地连接在一起并且由于钢丝的通量域所产生的渗漏对钢丝绳的表面干扰有效地被过滤，断丝所产生的采样信号序列，其特点是在线缆的表面上由一个三维分布漏磁场通量，可以立体简明和根据特性提取。BP神经网络的模型已经被建立和BP神经网络的算法是用来定量分析地确定有多少钢丝损毁。在我们的研究，我们用了6 37 +FC， 24毫米线缆作为我们的测试对象。随机人为地以不同程度破坏和损坏数根钢丝，实验共进行了100次，以为来自我们的样本的100组对象获取数据， 然后将数据输进BP神经网络进行处理。然后该网络用来识别共计16钢丝，打破了5个不同地点。测试数据证明我们的新装置可以提高检测破碎和损坏的钢丝的检测精度。 关键词：钢丝绳;损坏的钢丝;信号处理;检测装置中图分类号TB 421 引言 煤矿提升机钢丝绳是煤矿提升或运输系统的重要组成部分，这是人所共知的。事实上钢丝是，由于磨损，腐蚀和疲劳而受到破损，。钢丝的损害程度和承载能力直接关系到设备和员工的安全。目前， 很多在中国制造的检测损坏的钢丝绳装置，但大多数设备不能理想地满足实践需要，原因主要是钢丝的复杂结构，恶劣的工作条件，钢丝损毁的多重性和不确定性。因此，检测到钢丝损毁的迹象是相当困难，以及作以分析和处理在钢丝绳 1 里检测到的钢丝损毁的信号也是如此 。在此论文中，一套新的煤矿-提升机钢丝绳和断丝检测设备已经深入探讨，用传感器检测的特殊结构，从钢丝扭曲而产生的泄漏领域的干扰信号，可以有效地过滤。在之后提取多途径的信号的三维收缩和特征值， BP神经网络在钢丝绳对断丝的识别得已定量地实现，该测试结果将会显示出来。 2 联机的煤矿提升机钢丝绳检测仪的基本结构原理 我们研究的该联机的钢丝绳检测装置的结构原理在图 1中已经表明 。 检测传感器由两个可开启或封闭的半圆圆筒形结构组成，磁传感单元是一种由一个单一的磁芯组成磁通门单元并且是单一绕组。一些磁性传感单元均匀地安排靠近转换器的内壁，它的数量是检测钢丝绳铁丝网的两倍以及，两个相邻的单元有系列地联接在一项检测通道。 因此，该检测仪的检测通道的数量与丝股在线缆的数量相等。如下列图表1： 煤矿提升机钢丝绳钢丝损毁检测仪的结构原理，经过过滤和重塑，从每个通道发出的检测信号送到信号处理单元。通过多渠道的A / D转换，模拟检测信号转化为二维离散序列的采样值，然后通过BP神经网络的识别和结果的输出特点提取。检测时，另外，通过每个单磁通门单元检测到的漏磁场信号是泄漏在钢索的地方相应的磁通门单元的电场强度， 那就是，任何jth测试单元的输出信号Zcj是： 在该公式中，CF是驱动器方波的磁通门 宽度的结构参数， S 是额定定磁导率， Bcj钢丝损毁漏磁场所产生的应强度，Brj是钢丝绳曲折所产生的漏磁场的磁感应强度， Zfj损毁钢丝的信号值，和Zrj是
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