第二章动名词(9-13)

1、第二章 动名词（9-13）第一节：动名词的用法第二节：用不定词动名词当受词第三节：动词意义上的主词第四节：动名词的否定形，被动态，完成形第五节：含动名词的惯用表现动名词动名词就是动词的原型加上-ing，使其具有主词，补语和受词的功能，动名词具有名词的特性，同时在内容上也有动词的功能。第09卷动名词的用法(1)一. 动名词的用法当主词1. Remembering others(other peoples) names is difficult for me. =It is difficult for me to remember others names. 记住别人的名字对我而言是困难的2. C

2、ooking in the open air is good fun.野炊很好玩。动名词当主词时，也可用假主词it代替。将该动名词移至句尾，改变成不定词片语。大部分不能用动名词还原。1It is difficult for me to remember other peoples names.2. It is good fun to cook in the open air.当补语1. The best exercise in winter is skiing(加ing变名词)冬天最好的运动是滑雪2. One American tradition is eating turkey on Tha

3、nksgiving day Turkey不加s因为不可数在感恩节当天吃火鸡肉是美国的一个传统重点不定词当补语=表:目的,计划,意愿,未完成的事动名词当补语=表:经验,已知的事His hobby is fishing in the lake.His hobby is to fish in the lake.x当及物动词的受词1. You have to give up traveling. .你必须放弃旅行。2. My father enjoys playing golf very much. 我父亲很喜爱打高尔夫球my father likes(loves) to play（playing）

4、golf very much.也可以。但是enioy只能加动名词。The old man kept standing all the while. .(all the time) 那老人一直站着当介词的受词1. His got scolded for being late for school. 他因为上学迟到而挨骂。2. He left the room without saying a word. 他一句话都没说就离开房间。第10卷动名词的用法(2)、用不定词动名词当受词重点 to作介词+Ving1. I like to listen to music.2. Im looking forw

5、ard to seeing you again. 我期待再次见到你3. Im used to getting up early. 我习惯早起。I used to get up late.(过去的习惯)4. He devoted his whole life to curing the sick（sick people） in Africa. 他贡献了他的一生在非洲医治病患。5. 他爱说谎 He is given to lying.(given有什么样的习惯)（lie是原形） He prefers skiing to(prep.) skating. .他喜欢滑雪较不喜欢溜冰He prefers

6、to ski (toV) rather than skate.to+VR/to+Ving都可以He is accustomed to live/living alone. 他习惯独居1. I came(went) near(差一点) to run/running over a cat.我差一点碾到一只猫2. He took to drink/drinking after the death of his son. 他在他儿子死后就沉溺于喝酒。二. 用不定词/动名词当受词To+VR/to+Ving区别A>to+VR当受词1. The police consented to detect t

7、he crime without delay.警察同意立刻调查该项罪行.He professed to know a lot about China. 他假装说对中国很熟悉。2.B>Ving1. Have you finished writing an answer to his letter?你写好了给他的回信了吗?I will answer the door. 我去开门.2. Fortunately, he escaped getting hurt. 幸运的，他没有受伤A>toVR=toVing 意思一样下列动词，其受词为动名词或不定词，其意思一样1. They ceased

8、singing/to sing. 他们停止唱歌Stop toVR和toVing不同I intend majoring/to major in economics in college. mayor 'm n. 市长我想再大学里主修经济学。下列动词，其受词为动名词或不定词，其意思改变Try（尝试）， remember（记得），forget（忘记），stop(停止)，regret(后悔)B>toVR不同于toVing1. The boy tired to movie the heavy sofa. >try toVR 设法去做(不定做没做)这男孩设法搬动这张很重的沙发。实际上有

9、没有做是另外一回事。The boy tried moving the heavy sofa. >try Ving 尝试(已经在做了)这男孩尝试搬动这张很重的沙发。-实际上做做看第11卷1.Remember to lock the door. >记得锁门，动作未作祈使句一般都是要去做的I remember locking the door last night我记得昨晚有锁上门2. Ill never forget hearing her song. 我将不会忘记听过她的歌。动作已做。I forget to hear her song. 我忘了听她的歌，动作未作。3. He stop

10、ped having breakfast. > break打破 fast斋戒>前一天晚上斋戒未吃,今天第一餐就是早餐。他停止吃早餐。He stopped to have a cup of coffee.他停下来去喝杯咖啡。4. I regret not taking （good）care of myself. >regret Ving 后悔(做了某事) 我后悔没有注意自己的健康I regret to say that I cant help you. >regret toVR 抱歉遗憾(没有做某事)很抱歉，我不能帮助你take good care of动词意义上的主词整

11、个句子的主词若与动名词不同时，需要表现动名词意义上的主词，方法有二所有格+动名词/受格+动名词1.Philip dislikes Amy's/Amy wearing mini-skirts. Philip不喜欢amy穿迷你裙。like v.喜欢,dislike prep.像look like, 不像unlikeAmy wear miniskirts> Philip dislikes Amy wearing mini-skirts.（a mini-skirt）Wearing miniskirts> Philip dislikes Amy's wearing mini-

12、skirts.Dislike是动词，后面可以加受格amy.wearing是动名词，前面可加所有格amys2.I cant bear/stand him/his shouting when he is angry. 我无法忍受他在生气时大叫。When是从属连接词。名词+动名词/名词s+动名词1.I am confident of our teams /our team winning the tournament。 Be confident of 对什么有信心 of是介系词，后面用受格。名词前面用所有格，所以 我有信心我们的队伍会赢得比赛。Nature is beauty.第12卷2. She

13、is proud of her son/her sons being clever. 她以她儿子的聪明才智为荣。国外常讲 I am very proud of you.I am proud of my wife (my wifes) being beautiful.我以太太的美貌为荣。pride是名词和动词:n. 自豪 常用的结构： take pride in sth. 为某事骄傲 例句： They take great pride in her daughter who is now a famous scientist. 他们为他那科学家的女儿而感到自豪 v.使自夸 常用结构：pride

14、oneself on 例句： We prided ourselves on our good work. 我们为自己工作的表现而自豪。 而proud 是形容词 常用结构：be proud of sth. 例句： I am very proud of being a Chinese. 作为一名中国人我很自豪一否定形 not(never)+Ving1. I am ashamed of not knowing the answer. 我不知道答案很丢脸 ashame是个形容词。Shame on you! For shame!2. John s not knowing of (of也可不加)their

15、 marriage made thing(matter) more complicated.John不知道他们的婚事使事情变得更复杂。被动态 being+p.pI dont like（或者dislike） being made fun of. 我不喜欢被嘲弄。3. The regulation saves the area from being damaged.这些规定使得那些地区免于被破坏。完成形 having+p.p 动名词所表达的时间比述语动词所表达的行为或状态更早时，用它表示完成形 having+p.p4. She isnt aware of having done wrong她没觉察

16、到她已经错了只有VR才能加ing 而若用过去式则不能加ing 故用完成时代替过去式She isnt aware that she did wrong.She is proud of being a teacher. 她以身为老师为荣。She is proud that she is a teacher.He regrets not having studied harder in school. 他后悔在学校时没有更用功读书。用ing原因是regret在这里解释成后悔，用having studied是因为读书比后悔的时间更早五 含动名词的惯用表现1. There is no Ving 是无法做

17、到的There is no telling what will happen next. 我们无法预知未来Tell A from B 分辨A和BThere is no accounting for tastes. 人的好恶是无法解释的for介系词后面跟名词，taste 的意思是口味=It is impossible to account for tastes.=We cannot account for tastes.第13卷2. It is no use/good Ving 是没有用的是比较特殊的句型It is no use crying over spilled/spilt milk. 覆

18、水难收（spilled是pp当形容词使用）It is no use/good trying to persuade him. 你想说服他是没有用的。=It is of no use trying to persuade him.=There is no use in trying to persuade him.=It is no use for you to try to persuade.=It is useless for you to try to persuade.3. feel like Ving 想要 like(prep.)feel like N 感觉/摸起来像什么 / 想要I

19、feel like a drink=I feel like drinking/having a drink我想要喝一杯=I want to have a drink.want后面加不定词=I would（Id） like to have a drink.I dont feel like it.我不想这里的like是介系词，后面接一个虚拟的受词。4. Cannot help VingI couldnt help laughing when I saw his haircut. 当我看到他的发型时，我忍不住笑了=I couldnt but laugh when I saw his haircut.

20、When I heard the news, I couldnt but cry.When I heard the news, I couldnt help crying.When I heard the news, I couldnt help but cry.5. Be worth VingWhatever is worth doing is worth doing well.=No matter what is worth doing is worth doing well只要有一点值得做的事情就值得好好做This book is worth reading这本书值得读。=It is w

21、orth (your) while reading/to read the book.It would be worth his while helping/to help the foreigner. 他帮助那个外国人是值得的。6. On ving 一就On coming home, he switched on the TV. 他一回到家就打开电视As soon as he came home, he switched on the TV.（as soon as是连接词。连接两个动词两个主词）7. In Ving 当时 =连接词when/whileI slipped in getting off the train. 当我下火车时，滑了一跤。=I sl