非谓语作状语

1、Translate: 1.Object as you may, I will go.2.Much as I told you, you didnt listen.3.Were they here now ,they could help us.4. stand on ones feet 5. stand on ones hands/ head 6. I bought this mp4 at a 10% reduce. 小结 (not) to do (not) to be done（被动态（被动态(not) to have (been)done (not) to be doing（进行时）（进行

2、时）不定式的形式、时态与语态不定式的形式、时态与语态V-ing 的形式(not)V-ing (not)having done (not)having been done不定式不定式非谓语做题步骤非谓语做题步骤 一、分析句子结构一、分析句子结构,辨别辨别“谓与非谓谓与非谓” _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm._ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having A. To sleep B. Slee

3、ping C. Sleep D. Having sleptslept 2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know which 2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know which country he studied in. country he studied in. A. to study B. to have studied A. to study B. to have studied C. is studying D. to have been studying C. is studying D.

4、 to have been studying 3. Hi, Amy. Why are you so upset?3. Hi, Amy. Why are you so upset? - I found the washing machine had _ again. - I found the washing machine had _ again. A. to be repaired B. repaired C. it repairing D. it repairedA. to be repaired B. repaired C. it repairing D. it repaired A A

5、B BA A(作用作用)(语态语态)(时态时态)高考题点击：高考题点击： 1_many times, he finally understood it.A. Told B. TellingC. Having told D. Having been told2. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. A. To sleep B. Sleeping C. Sleep D. Having sleptDA3Michaels new house is like a huge palace, _ with his old one.A. com

6、paring B. comparesC. to compare D. comparedD4. In order to make our city green, _. A. it is necessary to have planted more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees5. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having l

7、ost C. Lost D. To loseDC解析：解析：1.1.该题考查该题考查过去分词作状语过去分词作状语的用法。动词的用法。动词- -inging或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语主语。2 2.“.“陷入深思陷入深思”有两种表达法，有两种表达法，A. Lose oneself in thought B. be lost in thought. 比较：比较： Losing himself in thought,he almost ran）5. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a whi

8、le to recover from the operation. A. Given B. To give C. Giving D. Having given6. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. A. hoped B. hoping C. to hope D. hope given 作状语意为作状语意为“考虑到考虑到”，意思相当，意思相当considering。注意注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的真正的目的是后面的 to get 。AB7. Finding her ca

9、r stolen, _. A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for helpD本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。8_ around the Water Cube and the Birds Nest, the tourists from Taiwan and I wished there _ a joint team for the London O

10、lympics.A. Having shown; to beB. To be shown; isC. To show; wereD. Having been shown; to beD作状语在句首时，有时可以和作状语在句首时，有时可以和when, unless, once, while, if, though等连词连用。等连词连用。 二二.状语从句中省略与非谓语形式。状语从句中省略与非谓语形式。When/while/unless/ to do (to be done) (动作未发生动作未发生)if/ though/as if doing （与主语之间是主动关系）与主语之间是主动关系） no m

11、atter how done （与主语之间是被动关系与主语之间是被动关系）1.When_different cultures, we often pay attention to the differences without noticing the many similarities. A. compared B. being compared C. comparing D. having compared2. Unless _ to speak，you should remain silent at the conference Ainvited Binviting Cbeing inv

12、ited Dhaving invited With 的复合结构作状语的复合结构作状语He went home, with nothing to do.I cant write, with you looking over my shoulder.We cant go on, with the plan refused by our government.38，四.With/without名词（代词）分词等。 to do With/without名词/代词 doing/being done doneTo do表示未发生动作， doing /being done表示动作正在进行， done表示完成

13、被动。 John received an invitation to dinner, and with his work_, he gladly accepted it.(2007年安徽) John received an invitation to dinner, but with his work_, he couldnt accept it. A. finished B. finishing C. having finished D. to finishAD3.-Come on, please give me some ideas about the project. -Sorry. W

14、ith so much work_ my mind, I almost break down. A. filled B. filling C. to fill D. being filled4.With more trees_, huge quantities of good earth are being washed away each year. A. destroying B. to be destroyed C. having destroyed D. being destroyed5.Without the teacher _ us, none of us tried our be

15、st in the running. A. to time B. timing C. time D. timedBDB五五.常见作状语的独立成分。常见作状语的独立成分。generally/honestly/frankly/exactly speaking; judging from/by; concerning (关于P6); considering (考虑到考虑到,就而论，照看来);supposing (万一；假定); allowing for (考虑到); seeing that (由于，因为); including sth/sb providing / provided that从句假如

16、 supposing that从句假如(表示条件) to tell ( speak, say) the truth, (说实话）to be frank/honest; 坦白地说）to make things/matters worse, 使事情更糟糕的是-to begin with; （首先） 不定式作为固定词组或固定搭配来运用。He cant walk fast, not to speak of running Strange to say, his hair turned white during the night.高考需记住的常用的固定词组或搭配有：To make a long sto

17、ry short（长话短说）To be brief （简而言之）To say nothing of （更不必说）Not to speak of（更不必说）Not to mention（更不必提）strange to say（说也奇怪）to be exact（确切的说） 他走不快，更不用说跑。他走不快，更不用说跑。说来奇怪，他头发一夜间变白了。说来奇怪，他头发一夜间变白了。1. _ from his appearance, he is very strong. A. Judging B. Being judged C. To judge D. Judge2. _ that he was ill,

18、 his work should be done by others. A.Considered B. To consider C. Considering D. Consider1.He did poorly in his examination, considering how hard he studied. 2. He asked me questions concerning my health.3._, the more expensive the camera, the better its quality. A. General speaking B. Speaking gen

19、eral C. Generally speaking D. Speaking generally就就他学习的努力程度他学习的努力程度来看来看，他这次考得很糟糕。，他这次考得很糟糕。他问了我一些问题，是他问了我一些问题，是有关有关我健康方面的。我健康方面的。Cfalling leaves 正在下落的树叶 fallen leaves 已经落下的树叶boiling water 沸腾的水 boiled water 烧开过的水developing countries developed countries 发展中国家 发达国家二二. 非谓语动词作定语非谓语动词作定语 The girl let out a

20、 frightened cry at the sight of the snake. (The girl was frightened. ) 看到蛇，女孩尖叫起不。His frightening shout scared the boys. ( The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened. )他大吼一声把那帮男孩给吓跑了。用于用于名词前，名词前，用用 单个单个分词做定语分词做定语表所修饰词的性质、特征和状态。表所修饰词的性质、特征和状态。用于用于名词后名词后作定语作定语时，时，时态原则时态原则是：是：用不定式（用不定式（to d

21、o)，表示，表示将来的动作，动作尚未发生将来的动作，动作尚未发生; 用用 （-ing），表示动作），表示动作正在进行正在进行;用过去分词用过去分词(done)，表示，表示动作被动、完成动作被动、完成。 二二. 非谓语动词非谓语动词短语短语作定语作定语 I have three letters to write this evening. 我有三封信要写。我有三封信要写。Do you know the man sitting at the desk? 你认识坐在桌子旁的那个人吗？你认识坐在桌子旁的那个人吗？Have you read any short stories translated by

22、 Lu Xun? 你读过鲁迅先生翻译过的小说吗？你读过鲁迅先生翻译过的小说吗？注意注意非谓语动词作定语时的非谓语动词作定语时的被动语态：被动语态：He attended the meeting held yesterday.He attends the meeting being held in the room now.He will attend the meeting to be held tomorrow.形形 式式意意 义义done表动作已经表动作已经完成；完成；与所修饰的名词是与所修饰的名词是被动关系被动关系being done表动作表动作正在进行正在进行；与所修饰的名词是；与所修

23、饰的名词是被动关系被动关系to be done表动作表动作尚未尚未开始开始；与所修饰的名词是与所修饰的名词是被动关系被动关系The houses_ now are for the teachers. The houses_ in 2000 are for the teachers. The workers _the houses are from countries. 你知道以下句子的区别吗？你知道以下句子的区别吗？ built B.being built C. to be built D. building BAD不定式作定语时不定式作定语时要注意以下要注意以下一些特殊结构一些特殊结构： 1

24、. She 1. She has has no pencil _.no pencil _. A. to write with B. to write about A. to write with B. to write about C. to write D. write in C. to write D. write in 2. She said she 2. She said she had had a important meeting _. a important meeting _. A. to attend in B. to attend C. attend D. A. to at

25、tend in B. to attend C. attend D. attendingattendingA AB B 若作定语的动词不定式是不及物动词若作定语的动词不定式是不及物动词,后必须要有介词后必须要有介词. 3. Im thirsty. Would you please give me 3. Im thirsty. Would you please give me something something _._. A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for drinking A.drunk B.to drink C.to be drunk D.for

26、drinking He is always He is always the firstthe first _ questions. _ questions. A. to answer B. answering A. to answer B. answering C. to be answered D. being answered C. to be answered D. being answered 不定代词和序数词后常接不定式作定语不定代词和序数词后常接不定式作定语.B BB B例:You are the third one _ the room.A. to enter B. enter

27、ing C. entered 解析：解析：不定式不定式做定语时做定语时为后置定语为后置定语，1.常常修饰代词常常修饰代词anything/something/nothing，2.名词名词 way/chance/ opportunity /time/ right等等 3.或由或由序数词或形容词最高级序数词或形容词最高级修饰的名词。修饰的名词。5, 9, 12, 14, 16, 20, 27, 29, 30, 31, 32,三、非谓语动词作三、非谓语动词作 -分词做宾语补语分词做宾语补语5看（看（look at, see, watch,notice,observe）；）；3使（使（make, le

28、t, have）；）；2听（听（listen to, hear）；）；1感觉（感觉（feel）。）。以上动词和find, keep, have等词可用现在分词现在分词作宾语补足语,除let, make 外. 也可以用过去分词过去分词作宾语补足语，。如： “吾看三室两厅一感觉吾看三室两厅一感觉” I found them painting the windows. （现在分词表（现在分词表主动、进行主动、进行） I found the windows painted. （过去分词表（过去分词表被动、完成被动、完成）一、动词不定式与分词作宾补的区别一、动词不定式与分词作宾补的区别在在see, he

29、ar, notice等感官动词之后，既可用分词等感官动词之后，既可用分词也可用不定式构成复合宾语。区别是：也可用不定式构成复合宾语。区别是：I saw him ( to)go upstairs. （动作全过程）（动作全过程）I saw him going upstairs. （动作正在进行）（动作正在进行）3. We heard the song sung by her next door. （被动完成）（被动完成） 参考步步高参考步步高P270Have / get 等使役动词等使役动词have. sb.do 表示表示“让让做某事做某事”，have.sb .doing 表示表示“让让一直做某事

30、一直做某事”，have. Sth .done表示表示“请别人做某事请别人做某事”或或“遭遇遭遇某某事事(物物)被被(表示一种经历表示一种经历)”。 例如：例如：Youd better have a student clean the window.The boss had the workers working all day long.I had my watch stolen yesterday. Dont have me waiting for you outside ?I wont. I just have my hair cut.get done(与句子主语是被动关系) get sb

31、./sth. done（done作宾补，与宾语是 被动关系） get sb./sth. doing (doing作宾补，与宾语是 主动关系) get sb. to do（“叫去做”，未发生动作）系动词系动词remain, keep 同理可得同理可得2， 3， 7，25，My parents asked me My parents asked me to study hard.to study hard.1.The purpose of new technologies is to make life 1.The purpose of new technologies is to make li

32、fe easier,_ it more difficult.easier,_ it more difficult. A. not make B. not to make A. not make B. not to make C. not making D. do not make. C. not making D. do not make.2.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his2.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but hismother told

33、 him _. mother told him _. A.A. not to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not tonot to B. not to do C. not do it D. do not to三、非谓语动词作三、非谓语动词作时时注意：省略到注意：省略到to, to be, to have 四、非谓语动词作表语时四、非谓语动词作表语时1 1）现在分词表示）现在分词表示“令人令人的的”，过去分词表示，过去分词表示“感感到到”.”.常见的分词有：常见的分词有：amazed / amazing, excited / exciting, bored /

34、 boring, annoyed / annoying, interested / interesting, pleased / pleasing, tired / tiring, surprised / surprising, worried/ worrying , satisfied / satisfying, amused / amusingThe news was exciting. He appeared satisfied with my answer.1.The story was _,we were all _. A.moving,moving B.moved,moved C.

35、moving,moved D.moved,moving2.There is a _ expression on his face.Maybe the problem is too difficult for him.A.puzzled B.puzzling C.puzzle D.to puzzle3.With his son too_, the father was sad. A.disappointed B.disappointing系动词有系动词有be ,feel, get, remain,stay,keep B BA ATheir jog is building houses. (抽象、

36、经常的抽象、经常的动作动作)Their work is to build another bridge across the river. (具体、要做的动作具体、要做的动作). _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. A. Losing B. Having lost C. Lost D. To lose解析：解析：1.1.该题考查该题考查过去分词作状语过去分词作状语的用法。动词的用法。动词- -inging或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是或过去分词作状语，其逻辑主语应是主语主语。2 2.“.“陷入深思陷入深思”有两种

37、表达法，有两种表达法，A. Lose oneself in thought B. be lost in thought. 比较：比较： Losing himself in thought, he almost ran）C11. When she came in, she was surprised to find a stranger _ at the back of the classroom with his eyes_upon her. A. seating; fixing B. to seat; fixing C.having seated; fixed D. seated; fixe

38、d a stranger his eyesseat vt.I seated myself.=I was seated.sitting fix ones eyes upon五、非谓语动词作定语五、非谓语动词作定语 高考题点击：高考题点击：1. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （04上海）上海） A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2. A man is being questioned in r

39、elation to the _ murder last night. （04江苏）江苏） A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted 该题的谓语动词是该题的谓语动词是 attract，“闻起来很香闻起来很香”用来作定语修用来作定语修饰饰主语主语 flowers。BC“谋杀谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. (00 北京春季北京春季) A. having hung B. hangin

40、g C. hangs D. being hung4. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. (99 上海上海) A. to be chosenB. to choose from C. to chooseD. for choosingBBhang 作及物动词用时表示人为的作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂挂”；作不及物动词；作不及物动词用时用时表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的 hang 为不及物动为不及物动词，所以用现在分词作定语。词，所以用现在分词作定语。动词不定式动词不定式 to choose

41、from 和和 to choose 都可以作定语，问题都可以作定语，问题是是 to choose 作定语时该名词是作定语时该名词是 choose 的对象；的对象；to choose from 作定语时，该名词是作定语时，该名词是 choose 的范围。该题指的是范围的范围。该题指的是范围.非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别： 分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系； 动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义； 不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：不定式作定语时要注意以下一

42、些固定结构： 在在 time, chance, right 等名词后；等名词后； 在序数词后；在序数词后； 在在 wish, need, demand, requirement 等词后。等词后。D)表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法： done 表示已经完成的动作表示已经完成的动作 to be done 表示尚未开始的动作表示尚未开始的动作 being done 表示正在进行之中的动作表示正在进行之中的动作1.I would love _ to the party last night but I had to 1.I would love _ to

43、 the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report.work extra hours to finish a report. A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have gone A. to go B. having gone C. going D. to have goneD二二. 动词不定式的时态动词不定式的时态would love(like) to 是固定搭配。would love+不定式一般式，表示“想，希望”，而接不定式完成式则表示“原本希望，而未曾实

44、现”的意思。would love/ meant/ hoped/ planned/ expected/ promised/ wish would love/ meant/ hoped/ planned/ expected/ promised/ wish to have done to have done 表示原打算表示原打算/ /希望希望2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what 2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what country he studied in. country he

45、 studied in. A. to have studied B. to study A. to have studied B. to study C. to be study D. to have been studying C. to be study D. to have been studying Ato have doneto have done也可用语表示先于谓语动词发生的也可用语表示先于谓语动词发生的动作动作. .7.Providing that there is no water supply, well feel comfortable.8. Do you read the

46、 Sunday colour supplement ?Choose the right word.1.Struggle / fight1)After a long quarrel, they broke out a _.2)More and more countries have joined in _against air pollution.2.1)The _market for computer is quick. 2)Water _when it freezes.3)The cold weather _into February.4)Well _the road as far as t

47、he station.5.Stretch socks ?6. I got out of bed and had a good Stretch 2）动名词的语态）动名词的语态 doing being done having done having been done He was afraid of _ (leave) at home. The house showed no sign of _ (damage). Xu Benyu insisted on being sent to the mountain area to serve the children there.三、分析语态三、分析

48、语态非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是非谓语动词和逻辑主语在搭配使用时是主动主动还还是是被动被动关系。关系。 V.-ing 形式形式(not)V-ing (not)having done (not)having been done 注意时态，注意时态，否定式否定式6.Not having received any news from home for a long time,she is becoming more and more homesick. 非谓语动词非谓语动词(分词分词)作状语作状语1.Hearing a sound ,the baby stopped crying.2.He c

49、ut off the electricity,preventing an accident.3.Having been told her daughter was sick, she hurried to the school to take her home.(not)V-ing (not)having done (not)having been done4.Having cut off the electricity,he prevented an accident.5.Having lived in the country for many years, she knows how to

50、 grow vegetables.V-ing 的形式非谓语动词非谓语动词(分词分词)作状语作状语1). Once fleeing Germany, Einstein went first to France, then to Belgium2). Being a shy man, Einstein didnt attend the great celebration.3). The trainer appeared, followed by six little dog.4). Given more time, I can do it better.5) Tonys father died,

51、leaving him a lot of money.时间时间原因原因方式，伴随方式，伴随条件条件分词在句中主要作时间，原因，方式或伴随，分词在句中主要作时间，原因，方式或伴随，条件，让步，结果状语。条件，让步，结果状语。现在分词和过去分词作状语有何区别？现在分词和过去分词作状语有何区别？一般说来，动词不定式表主动、将来；一般说来，动词不定式表主动、将来；现在分词表主动、进行；现在分词表主动、进行；过去分词表被动、完成。过去分词表被动、完成。1.Given more time, I can do it better.2.Hearing a sound ,the baby stopped cry

52、ing.非谓语动词非谓语动词(不定式不定式)作状语作状语1.Every day he climbed to a high rock near his cave to keep watch.2. Two years later, her father disappeared , never to return.3. He went home, only to find his money stolen.4. It is too dark for us to see anything in the room.5. He is old enough to look after himself.目的目的结果结果结果结果程度程度不定式主要作目的，结果和程度状语不定式主要作目的，结果和程度状语不定式表结果：不定式表结果：常见句型有：常见句型有： too+adj. / adv. + to do, enough + adj. / adv. + to do, only/never + to do, so+adj. / adv. + as to do, such + n. + as to do.She was too young to under stand that all.W