职称英语真题及答案

1、2008年度全国职称外语等级考试试卷 英语 (理工类A级)第1部分：词汇选项(第115题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个惫义最为接近的选项。1 With immense relief, stopped running.AenormousBsomeClittleDextensive2 The scientists began to accumulate data.aAhandleBcollectCanalyzeDinvestigate3 Jack eventually overtook the last truckApassedBhitCr

2、eachedDled4 Sometimes it is advisable to book hotels in advance.ApossibleBprofitableCwiseDeasy来源:考试大网5 The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzleAmysteryBfactCstatementDgame6 That guy is really wittyAuglyBsmartChonorableDpopular7 The world champion suffered a sensational defeat.Adramatic

3、BreasonableChumiliatingDhorrifying8 It seems that only Mary is eligible for the job.ApreparedBtrainedCguided来Dqualified9 This poem depicts the beautiful scenery of a town in the SouthApraisesBwrites来CdescribesDimitates10 The meaning is still obscure.AtransparentBvagueCalienDsignificant11 Dumped wast

4、e might contaminate water supplies.AdestroyBdecreaseCpolluteDdelay12 One theory postulates that the ancient Filipinos came from India and PersiaAexpectsBassumesCpredictsDconsiders13 It is very difficult for a child to adhere to rules.AfollowBrememberCunderstandDlearn14 I hope that I didnt do anythin

5、g absurd last night.AawkwardBstrangeCawfulDstupid15 There should be laws that prohibit smoking around children.AadvocateBforbidCinheritDwithdraw第2部分：阅读推断(第1622题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请依据短文的内容对每个句子做出推断：假如该句供应的是正确信息，请选择A;假如该句供应的是错误信息，请选择B;假如该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。Green Roof Research来源：考试大The concept of gre

6、en roofs is basically about growing plants on roofs，thus helping to replace the green footprint that had been destroyed due to the construction of the building.Green roofs are the most prevalent(流行)in Germany，which is widely regarded as the leader in green roof research.The green roofs that are used

7、 these days can be classified as "extensive" and “intensive” systems.Extensive green roofs use mosses，grasses and herbs，which are tolerant to droughts. These plants do not need much maintenance，can be grown in a layer of substrate(土层)that can be as shallow as 1.5 inches，and generally are i

8、naccessible to the public.In contrast.a wide range of species of plants are grown on intensive green roofs，such as shrubs(灌木)and even trees，which require deeper substrate layers，and are usually grown on flat roofs.They need intensive maintenance, and are usually areas that resemble parks which are a

9、ccessible to people.(examda)There are several benefits of adopting green roof technologies.Apart from the obvious psychological and aesthetic(暮学的)benefits of gardenlike environments surrounding you，some of the commoneconomic and ecological benefits are：a reduction in the consumption of energy;air an

10、d water purification;recovering green spaces;and the mitigation(缓解)of the heat island effect in urban areas.The green roof research that is currently ongoing is focused on evaluating the species of plants that are suitable to be grown on roofs，the methods of propagation(繁殖) as well as establishment，

11、nutrient(养料)and water requirement，substrates，and the quantity and quality of water runoff.The evaluation criteria of plant species are：at what rate they can be established：their capacity to withstand invasive weeds;tolerance of cold and heat;tolerance of drought conditions;capacity of persistence an

12、d survival.A number of experiments are being conducted on roof platform simulations at various research centers.These sites are generally outfitted with equipment，which are used to measure temperatures at different depths of the growing substrates，and the rate and volume of the runoff of stormwaters

13、 from each of the platforms.Green roof technology is representative of a completely new market for landscape contractors，and all roofs that currently exist and the future ones to be constructed are the potential marketa market that is too huge to be overlooked.16. It is estimated that around 10 perc

14、ent of the flat roofs in Germany are greenARight BWrong CNot mentioned17. German people prefer extensive green roof systems to intensive onesARight BWrong CNot mentioned18. Small plants like grasses and herbs are grown widely on intensive green roofs.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned19. Green roof is an

15、ecologically sound strategy of spreading green in urban areasARight BWrong CNot mentioned(examda)20. One of the benefits of green roofs is the reduction of the heat island effect in citiesARight BWrong CNot mentioned21. One focus in the green roof research is the evaluation of suitable plant species

16、ARight BWrong CNot mentioned22. Although green roof technology can create a gardenlike environment，its potential market is rather small.ARight BWrong CNot mentioned第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第2330题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第2326题要求从所给的6个选项中为第25段每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第2730题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定1个最佳选项。The Supercomputer Net

17、work考试大(wwwE)1 Recently Ten laboratories run by governments in different parts of the world have become linked.Their computers have been connected so they can“talk”to each other. This may not seem very dramatic news，but it is the beginning of a development that will increase the power of th

18、e Internet tremendously.2 The Internet is an interconnected(互联)system of networks that connects computers round the world and facilitates the transmission and exchange of information. The way that you use the Internet is by accessing this network.This depends on the power that your system allows you

19、 to use.The power of your computer is responsible for how fast you can download(下载)files，how much data you can store，etc.If your computer is old and slow.accessing the information can be very difficult.3 The new development in information technology has been called“the grid”(网格技术)，and it will be a n

20、etwork of computers that are linked together.The“grid”will work in a different way from the Internet，enabling you to get the power of the biggest computers in the world on your computer.Accessing the information will no longer depend on the power of your computer.The idea is that while you access in

21、formation，you will also have access to the power of the bigger computer stations.4 One advantage of this revolutionary idea is that geographical location will become irrelevant.The“grid”will decide which are the best parts of a worldwide network to do the job you want.This means that you may be acce

22、ssing a computer In Japan to solve a problem in Alaska.5 The“grid”can be compared to having an efficient personal assistant.You can give your assistant a task and“he”will do it for you.The assistant will do the preliminary research，collect the data，compare them and decide on the best course of actio

23、n by accessing any of the computer centres in the “grid” that happen to have the relevant information.All you have to do is assign the task，sit back and wait.6 At present，possible applications of the“grid”in scientific research are being explored.While it has taken about fifteen years for Internet u

24、se to become widespread，experts believe that the “grid” could be up and running for private individuals far more quickly.Scientists working on“grid”projects are convinced that it will be as widely used as the web in the next ten years.23 Paragraph 2_24 Paragraph 3_25 Paragraph 4_26 Paragraph 5_27 Tr

25、aditionally the power of your computer determines how fast you can access_.选项暂无28 The “grid will enable you to get on your computer the power of _ in the world.29 The “grid” would be like _, who can perform your tasks efficiently.(examda)30 It is believed that the widespread use of the “grid”will be

26、come possible in the next_.第4部分：阅读理解(第31-45题，每题3分，共45分)下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。请依据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。第一篇Centers of the Great European CitiesThe centers of the great cities of Europe are meeting places by tradition people gather there to drink coffee and chat late into the night.A mixture of locals and touri

27、sts make foran exciting，metropolitan atmosphere.Squares，plazas(广场)and arcades(拱廊)form the heart of Europes citiesVenice in Italy has the Piazza San Marcoa beautiful square surrounded by sn0Ps， churches，restaurants and cafes.In Barcelona，Spain，La Bosqueria is a lively market with hundreds of stalls s

28、elling all kinds of goods.Londons Covent Garden IS filled with fruit and vegetable stalls by day and musicians，acrobats(杂技演员)and artists by night. The government buildings at the center of many cities often are architecturally impressive In London，the serve as a beautiful backdrop(背景)to the coffee t

29、ables that line the streets and the banks of the Thames.These vibrant(有活力的)hearts are the product of centuries of evolution，social historian Joel Garreau told US News and World Report recently.“The reason people think Venice is so great today is you dont see all the mistakes，”said Garreau ”l hose ha

30、ve all been removed.”Most European cities were laid out before the invention of the car, so bars, restaurants and caf6s were near to people homes Today the focus of many Europeans，life has moved away from the centers.They live in the suburbs and Outskirts.driving to supermarkets to get their supplie

31、s.But on a continent where people treasure convention，there are still those who hold onto traditional ways，ling and shopping locally.These people，together with tourists，provide the city centers with their reason for existence. Coffee culture plays a part in keeping these city centers flourishing thi

32、s is particularly true of Paris whose citizens are famous enthusiastic conversationalists. thiss skill is developed over many hours spent chatting over espressos(浓咖啡)and cigarettes.Religion also plays a role in developing sociable atmosphere.People in Roman Catholic countries used to visit the Churc

33、h on an almost daily basis.Entire communities would gather in the same building and then move out to the markets，cafes and bars In the surrounding streets.An enormous example of this relationship between church and society is the Duomo.The huge marble cathedral in Florence，Italy is surrounded by bak

34、eries and coffee shops，and caters not only to the tourist crowds，but also the local community.31. It can be inferred from the first paragraph that each big city in EuropeA. has many large squares.B. has many very magnificent sky-scrapers.C. has a center where tourists meet their spouses.D. draws tou

35、rists in large numbers every year.32. Which statement is NOT true of Covent Garden?A. It is crowded with people.B. It is located in London.C. It is surrounded by shops, churches, restaurants and cafesD. It is filled with stalls.33. Why do people think that Venice is so great?A. Because it is a famou

36、s tourist attraction.B. Because you can reach anywhere by boat.C. Because all the mistakes have been removed.D. Because it is well-known for its merchants.34. What are Parisians famous for?A. Their enthusiasm for conversation.B. Their pursuit of independence.C. Their ability to keep the city flouris

37、hing.D. Their devotion to developing a multiple culture.35. The writer cites the Duomo in the last paragraph as an example to illustrate thatA. all churches are magnificent.B. there is a tight link between church and society.C. old churches are very popular.D. high-rise churches are impressive.其次篇Re

38、al-World RobotsWhen you think Of a robot，do you imagine a shiny ,metallic device having the same general shape as a human being，performing humanlike functions，and responding to your questions in a monotone(单调的)voice accentuated(强调)by high-pitched tones and beeps This is the way many of US imagine a

39、robot，but in the real world a robot is not humanoid at all.instead，a robot often is a voiceless ,box- shaped machine that efficiently carries Out repetitive or dangerous functions usually performed by humans. Today" s robot is more than an automatic machine that performs one task again and agai

40、n. A modern robot is programmed with varying degrees of artificial intelligence，that is，a robot contains a computer program that tells it how to perform tasks associated with human intelligence，such as reasoning，drawing conclusions，and learning from past.A robot does not possess a human shape for th

41、e simple reason that a two-legged robot has great difficulty remaining balanced.A robot does，however，move from place to place on wheels and axles(轮轴)that roll and rotate.A robot even has limbs that turn round and move in combination with joints and motors.To find its way in its surroundings, a robot

42、 utilizes various built -in sensors.Antennae attached to the robot's base detect anything they bump into.If the robot starts to shake as it moves on an incline，a gyroscope(陀螺仪)inside it senses the vertical differential .TO determine Its distance from an object and how quickly it will reach the o

43、bject，the robot bounces beams of laser. light and ultrasonic sound waves off obstructions(障碍物)in its path.These and other sensors constantly feed information to the computer，which then analyzes the information and corrects or adjusts the robots actions.As science and technology advance the robot too

44、 will progress in its functions and use of artificial intelligence programs.36 The writer begins the passage by comparingA.a real-life robot with a fictional robot.B.the shape of a human being with a box.C.an imaginary machine with a human.D.a robot with a computer program.37 The word “humanoid” in

45、Paragraph 1 meansA.lacking human feelings.考试大B.lacking human characteristics.C.having a human form and characteristicsD.lacking human intelligence.38 According to the first paragraph，artificial intelligence isA.the unnatural way in which robots move.B.a voiceless，boxshaped machine that performs repe

46、titive tasksC.a computer program that imitates human intellectual processesD.a sensor that detects troubles in a robot.39 The last paragraph suggests that future robots willA.surpass human beings in intelligence.B.be more humanlike in behavior and action.C.use a laser to transmit information.D.will

47、perform very complicated household jobs.40 Another good title for this passage would beA.Robots：Taking the Place of Humans.B.Artificial Intelligence Programs.C.ModernDay Sensors.来源：考试大D.TodayS Robots and How They Function第三篇 Why Humans Walk on Two LegsA team of scientists that studied chimpanzees (黑

48、猩猩) trained to use treadmills (跑步机) has gathered new evidence suggesting that our earliest apelike ancestors started walking on two legs because it required less energy than getting around on all fours.Michael sockol , researcher of UC Davis, worked for two years to find an animal trainer willing to

49、 coax (劝诱) adult chimps to walk on two legs and to walk on all fours.The five chimps also wore face masks used to help the researchers measure oxygen consumption. While the chimps worked out, the scientists collected data that allowed them to calculate which method of locomotion (移动) used less energ

50、y and why. The team gathered the same information for four adult humans walking on a treadmill.The researchers found that human walking used about 75 percent less energy and burned 75 percent fewer calories than quadrupedal and bipedal walking in chimpanzees. They also found that for some but not al

51、l of the chimps, walking on two legs was no more costly than on all fours."We were prepared to find that all of the chimps used more energy walking on two legs-but that finding wouldn't have been as interesting, Sockol said. "what we found was much more telling. For three chimps, biped

52、alism was more expensive, but for the other two chimps, this wasn't the case. One spent about the same energy walking on two legs as on all fours The other used less energy walking upright。" These two chimps had different gaits (步法) and anatomy (解剖) than 'their quadrupedal peers.Taken t

53、ogether, the findings provide support for the hypothesis that anatomical (解剖学的) differences affecting gait existed among our earliest apelike ancestors, and that these differences provided the genetic variation which natural selection could act on when changes in the environment gave bipeds an advan

54、tage over quadrupeds.Fossil and molecular evidence suggests the earliest ancestors of the human family lived in forested areas in equatorial Africa in the late Miocene era (中世纪) some 8 to 10 million years ago, when changes in climate may have increased the distance between food patches That would ha

55、ve forced our earliest ancestors to travel longer distances on the ground and favored those who could cover more ground using less energy."This isn't the complete answer," Sockol said. "But it's a good piece of a puzzle humans have always wondered about: How and why did we bec

56、ome human? And why do we alone walk on two legs?"41. Michael Sockol and his team were interested inA. where humans came from.B. how chimpanzees could be trained to use treadmills.C. when our earliest ancestors began to live in forested areasD. why our apelike ancestors came to walk on two legs.

57、42. The phrase "worked out' in paragraph 3 could be replaced byA. calculated.B. exercised.C. understood.D. planned.43. What did the researchers find in the experiment?A. One chimp used about the same energy in walking on two legs as on all foursB. Human walking used more energy than bipedal walking in chimps.C. Two chimps used more energy walking on two legs.D. Three chimps used less energy walking on two legs.44. The word