总结涡轮增压器使用过程中的注意事项

1、总结涡轮增压器使用过程中的注意事项涡轮增压器是利用发动机排气管排出的高速气流带动 涡轮旋转,并通过同轴旋转的进气叶轮增大进气管的空 气压力,增加气缸的充气量,提高发动机功率,并降低 排放,该技术在建筑机械上应用日趋广泛。Turbocharger is the use of engine exhaust pipes of high speed air turbine rotation, and through the coaxial rotation of the impeller at the inlet increased intake pipe of the air pressure, i

2、ncrease your cylinder, increase engine power, and reduce emissions, the technology is increasingly widely used in construction machinery.由于废气涡轮增压器安装在排气管上,工作环境恶劣, 通常处在 500高温和每分钟 1020万转的高速下工 作,且与发动机共用一套润滑系统,润滑条件差,如使 用维护不当,很容易导致增压器损坏,使发动机无法正 常工作。我们只有了解其结构、原理,掌握正确的使用 与维护方法,才能有效提高机械的寿命,充分发挥其性 能。Due to ex

3、haust gas turbochargers installed on the exhaust pipe, bad work environment, usually at 500 high temperature and under 10 200000 RPM high speed work, and use a set of lubrication system and engine, poor lubrication condition, such as the use of improper maintenance, very easy to cause the turbocharg

4、er is damaged, the engine can't work normally. We only know its structure, principle, to master the correct use and maintenance method, can effectively improve the mechanical life, give full play to its performance.一、废气涡轮增压器的工作原理A, the working principle of exhaust gas turbocharger涡轮增压器主要由涡轮机、中间体

5、和压气机三大部分组 成 (如图所示 。涡轮机的主要作用是利用发动机排出的 废气冲击涡轮作功,以驱动压气机叶轮高速旋转。压气 机的作用是将涡轮旋转的动能转变为空气的压力能,使 进入发动机的空气压力有效提高,增大空气进入量。中间体既是增压器的支承机构,又是增压器的润滑冷却装 臵。工作时,增压器转子轴一端的涡轮叶轮在气缸排出 的废气驱动下,带动另一端的压气机叶轮高速旋转 (30000160000转 /分钟 , 同时, 涡轮带动离心式压气 机提高进气压力,并通过中冷器冷却,增大空气的密度 后进入气缸,使每个工作循环进入气缸的新鲜空气量增 加,从而喷入更多的燃油。高压空气流经进气管进入气 缸与喷入气缸的

6、更多柴油混合燃烧,显著改善了发动机 的燃烧过程, 可提高发动机功率 30%50%, 降低油耗 8%左右。Turbocharger is mainly composed of turbines, intermediates and compressor three parts (as shown. Turbine is the main purpose of using engine exhaust from impact turbine work, to drive the compressor impeller rotating at a high speed. Is the role of

7、 compressor turbine rotational kinetic energy is transformed into the air pressure can, is making the air pressure into the engine effectively, increase the amount of air into the. Intermediates is a supercharger bearing structure, and the supercharger lubrication cooling device.Work, supercharger r

8、otor shaft side of the turbine impeller driven in waste gas in the cylinder, driven at the other end of the high-speed rotating compressor impeller (30000 160000 RPM, at the same time, the gas turbine driving centrifugal compressor and air pressure, and through the cold cool, after increasing the de

9、nsity of air into the cylinder, make each work cycle in the fresh air in the cylinder volume increase, thus more fuel injection. High pressure air through the intake pipe and injection into the cylinder cylinder more diesel hybrid combustion, significantly improved the combustion process of engine a

10、nd engine power can be improved 30% 50%, reduce fuel consumption by around 8%.二、废气涡轮增压器的使用注意事项2, the use of the exhaust turbine supercharger matters needing attention期刊文章分类查询 , 尽在期刊图书馆Journal articles classified query, in journals inthe library1、选用润滑油要确保质量1, the selection of lubricating oil to ensur

11、e quality涡轮增压器普遍采用全浮式轴承,对机油的要求很高, 应按规定加注, 并定期清洗机油滤清器, 保持机油清洁, 严防泥砂和杂质掺入,如有脏物掺入润滑油将加速轴承 磨损。当轴承过度磨损时,叶片甚至会与壳体发生摩擦 使转子转速下降,增压器及柴油发动机的性能将迅速恶 化,出现功率下降、黑烟过多、噪声增大以及转子轴两 端漏油等现象。Turbocharger commonly employed full floating bearing, has a high requirement on the engine oil, should be in accordance with the pr

12、ovisions, filling, and regular cleaning of oil filter, keep the oil clean, beware of mud, sand and impurities added, if there is dirt mixed with oil will accelerate the bearing wear. When bearingexcessive wear, blades and even with the friction of the rotor speed will be reduced, the supercharger an

13、d the diesel engine performance will deteriorate rapidly, a power drop, increase too much smoke, noise and the phenomenon such as oil leakage on both ends of the rotor shaft.2、起动后要充分润滑2, after starting to sufficient lubrication发动机起动后,机油到达涡轮轴承需要一定的时间,这 时轴承的润滑条件差,所以,起动后发动机应怠速运转 5分钟左右,使润滑油达到一定的温度和压力,以避

14、免 突加负荷时轴承润滑不良而加速磨损,甚至出现卡死现 象。凡是更换机油、酱油清洗机油滤清器或车辆停放一 周以上后,起动前必须从进油口加入少量干净机油,并 转动转子,使增压器得到充分的润滑,或在起动前转动 曲轴几次,预润滑增压器。After starting engine, oil it takes time to reach the turbine bearing, the bearing's lubricationcondition is poor, so, after starting the engine idle speed should be run for about 5

15、minutes, the lubricating oil reaches a certain temperature and pressure, in order to avoid sudden load-up poor lubrication bearing and accelerate wear, appear even stuck phenomenon. Every oil change, clean the oil filter or vehicle parking for more than a week later, before starting must from inlet

16、to join a small amount of clean engine oil, and turn the rotor, the supercharger get sufficient lubrication, or rotate the crankshaft several times, before starting prelubricated supercharger.3.熄火前要怠速降温3. To idle to cool before shut down发动机在高速满负荷运转,或持续大负荷运转中不可立 即停车。如突然停车,增压器转子因惯性还会继续高速 旋转,而柴油发动机停车后润

17、滑系停止工作,增压器轴 承部位热量无法通过润滑油带走,乳化液泵站且得不到 充分润滑,很容易使轴承、转子组件因缺油或过热而损坏。正常使用时应慢慢降低转速和负荷,停车前应怠速 运转 35分钟。Engine running at full capacity at high speed, or continue to immediately stop big load operation. Such as sudden stop, the supercharger rotor due to the high speed rotation inertia will continue, and diese

18、l engine lubrication system to stop working when parking, supercharger bearing parts by oil away heat, and inadequate lubrication, it is easy to make bearing, for lack of oil or overheating and damage of rotor components. During normal use shall be slowly reduce the engine speed and load, parking sh

19、ould be idle run before 3 5 minutes.4、使用中要定期保养4, the use of maintenance on a regular basis定期清洁空气滤清器并检查进气系统是否漏气。若滤清 器堵塞,会使进气阻力增大,使压气机入口的空气压力和流量减少,造成增压器工作效率降低。若进气系统漏 气,灰尘将被吸入压气机壳内并进入气缸,造成叶片和 柴油发动机零件早期磨损,致使增压机和柴油发动机性 能变坏。Clean air filter regularly and check whether the air intake system leak. If the fi

20、lter blocked, can make the air intake resistance increase, reduce the compressor inlet air pressure and flow rate, which reduces the turbocharger efficiency. If the air intake system leak, dust will be sucked into inside the compressor casing and into the cylinder, causing leaves early wear and dies

21、el engine parts, the supercharger and the diesel engine performance deteriorate.定期检查增压器转子的轴向移动量和清除进油口的积 碳。每工作 20002500小时,应检查转子轴的灵活性, 测量转子的轴向移动量。测量时先拆下进、排气管,用 千分表触头顶在转子轴上,然后轴向推动叶轮进行测 量,若移动量超过规定值,应拆下检修。清除中间壳上 进油口的积碳,以确保机油顺畅进入增压器。Regularly check the supercharger rotor axial travelmotion of carbon depos

22、ition and removal of oil inlet. Every work of 2000 2500 hours, should check the flexibility of the rotor shaft, rotor axial travelmotion of measurement. When measuring the first remove the inlet and exhaust pipe, touch the head with a dial indicator on the rotor shaft, the axial moves the impeller w

23、as measured, if the mobile more than specified value, should remove the access. Clearance between shell inlet on the carbon deposition, to ensure that the oil flow into the supercharger.三、废气涡轮增压器的常见故障排除Third, common troubleshooting of the exhaust turbine supercharger1、涡轮转速下降或发动机冒黑烟1, the turbine spe

24、ed down or the engine emit black smoke主要原因:空气滤清器堵塞;压气机吸气通道和内腔因 油垢过多而阻塞;气缸内积碳与废气中的烟尘积聚在涡 轮轴套内,使转子轴阻力增大;排气管阻塞或变形,导 致排气不畅;涡轮密封环磨损失效,引起废气泄漏,对 涡轮叶轮的驱动力减小;进气管或接头卡箍未拧紧造成 进气泄漏;涡轮叶轮经废气长期冲刷而变形。Main reason: air filter plugging; Compressorsuction passage and lumen obstruction due to grease too much; Carbon in t

25、he air cylinder and the exhaust soot accumulation within the turbine shaft sleeve, make rotor shaft resistance increases; Exhaust pipe blocking or deformation, causing the exhaust poorly; Turbine sealing ring wear failure, cause gas leakage, the driving force of the turbine impeller decrease; Inlet

26、pipe clamp not tighten or joint cause intake leak; By the exhaust gas turbine impeller erosion and deformation for a long time.排除方法:清除空气通道内阻塞物,消除进、排气管的 泄漏。Elimination method: remove obstruction in the air channel, eliminate the leakage of inlet and exhaust pipe.2、压力机端或涡轮端漏油2, press the end or the tu

27、rbine end leakage主要原因:一是压气机端油封磨损失效。当增压器润滑 系统内的机油窜入压气机室,被吸入气缸内燃烧,会造 成机油过度消耗和气缸内积碳。二是涡轮端密封环损 坏。当柴油机高速运转时,废气会窜入增压器的润滑系 统,污染机油;且当柴油机低速运转时,增压器内的机 油则漏过密封环从排气管排出,造成机油的过度消耗。Main reasons: one is the compressor oil seal wear failure. When the oil inside the turbocharger lubrication system into the compressor room, drawn into the combustion in cylinder, oil will cause excessive consumption and carbon depositio