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1、【精品文档】如有侵权,请联系网站删除,仅供学习与交流外研社必修七 moudule 6 原文.精品文档.外研版选修七M6英语课文Module 6 Reading and Vocabulary Part 1 The Amazing Caves of Zhoukoudian Zhoukoudian is a small village about 50 kilometres south-we
2、st of Beijing. In the 1920s, archaeologists discovered some prehistoric human bones there which changed China's knowledge of its history. They came from an unknown species
3、 of man and were the first evidence of primitive human life in China thousands of years ago. The remains were . three teeth! In 1929, a complete skull was&
4、#160;also discovered. Eventually, archaeologists found almost 200 items, including six skulls and more than 150 teeth. These discoveries proved the existence of a human species
5、0;who lived in the area between 700,000 and 200,000 years ago. Four sites where Beijing Man and his relations lived were discovered on the northern face of Dragon
6、60;Bone Hill (Longgushan). They lived in the limestone caves in the area. However, the life span of Beijing Man was short. About 70% of the people probably died
7、;before the age of 14. Fewer than 5% lived to the age of 50. Even so, they were quite sophisticated. Ashes were found alongside the fossils which showed they
8、60;used fire for cooking food and also for light, warmth and protection from wild beasts. This is the earliest evidence of the use of fire anywhere in the world
9、. They also made tools of bones and sharpened stones. Unfortunately, when Japan invaded China in 1937, excavations at the Beijing Man Site stopped and most of the
10、60;fossils disappeared, including a Beijing Man skull. They have never been found. After the People's Republic of China was established in 1949, the work started again
11、0;and Zhoukoudian became an important tourist attraction. Zhoukoudian was listed as a world heritage site in December 1987. It has not only given us important information
12、;about prehistoric Asian societies, but also has provided amazing evidence about the process of evolution.At the Suzhou conference in June 2004, one of the delegates praised
13、160;China's work on heritage sites, "China has done excellent work in protecting world heritage, both tangible and intangible." Tangible cultural heritage includes museums
14、;and monumentsthings you can see and touch. But what is intangible cultural heritage? Intangible cultural heritage, which is also called living cultural heritage, consists of
15、the following features: 1 Oral Heritage This includes languages, spoken literature, music, dance, games, customs and knowledge of traditional craftwork. It also includes the cultur
16、al places where popular and traditional cultural activities take place (for example, sites for story-telling and festivals, etc.). 2 Living Human Treasures Living human treasures
17、160;are people who have the knowledge and skills required for the cultural traditions of their society. 3 Endangered Languages Endangered languages are languages spoken by onl
18、y a few people and languages which are not taught to new inhabitants of the region. For example, there are nearly 60 languages in Australia which are endangered,
19、0;or are disappearing. 4 Traditional Music of the World Musical traditions around the world form part of the intangible heritage of mankind in the same way as monume
20、nts and natural sites. For example, Kunqu opera, was founded before the Ming Dynasty (13681644) in Kunshan, near Suzhou. UNESCO added Kunqu to its intangible heritage lis
21、t in 2001Chinese Cultural Heritage Bid for UNESCO Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and the Mid-Autumn Festival could be listed on the directory of world intangible cultural&
22、#160;heritage if a bid to UNESCO is successful. They could join the Chinese arts of Guqin Music and Kunqu Opera as "world intangible heritages". UNESCO has 47
23、160;items on the world heritage list, including Chinese Kunqu Opera and Guqin Music. Every two years the directory is enlarged by giving each country the chance to r
24、ecommend one candidate. No discrimination is made against countries which make regular bids, so although the process is long, there is a strong possibility that TCM and
25、160;the Mid-Autumn Festival will be accepted. While the bid is going through, the state government allocates funds for each item's protection. The application for TCM woul
26、d highlight the fact that traditional Chinese medicine is a culture that has existed for thousands of years. If TCM is accepted on the UNESCO list, doctors and
27、practitioners would advocate both its advantages and its legal status abroad. The theories and experiences of old TCM practitioners would continue to be collected, and treatme
28、nt would be extended into other areas of medicine, such as research into the AIDS virus and malaria. But some people feel that there needs to be a compromise
29、60;between the term "heritage" which suggests something old-fashioned, and the fact that TCM is still developing as a medical science. Mid-Autumn celebrations reflect Chinese&
30、#160;cultural traditions. With more than 50 million Chinese living and working overseas, the Mid-Autumn Festival reminds them of their Chinese origins and would help to unite&
31、#160;Chinese people all over the world. Plans for a seminar of experts on the festival have been announced, which will recommend symbolic ambassadors to promote the bid.&
32、#160;Other examples of China's intangible cultural heritage include the ancient art of Shaolin kung fu, the world's longest epic poem of Tibetan King Gesser, and Chen-
33、style Tai Chi. UNESCO's agenda for the world's tangible and intangible heritage is also to act as a warning system for sites which are at the mercy of r
34、edevelopment, pollution or even the effects of tourism, and cultural activities which are in danger. UNESCO undertakes to take sites off the World Heritage list if their&
35、#160;present state is threatened by an absence of protection. Getting accepted on the list is the result not simply of a subjective recommendation by interested groups, b
36、ut of cultural diplomacy by governments and a thorough understanding of the bureaucratic system of UNESCO. In return, UNESCO recognises the autonomy of provincial, federal and
37、 state cultural organisations, but offers support and guidance when requested.Santa Fe's Living Treasures The Living Treasures Program originated in Santa Fe, New Mexico in
38、0;the USA in 1984 and has now spread to dozens of other communities across the country. It started when a Santa Fe organisation called the Network for the Commo
39、n Good was established. The idea was to celebrate the lives of members of the older generation. "Older people are easily forgotten or ignored in a country like&
40、#160;the USA," said Robin Rodar, one of the organisers. "Youth and new things seem more important to a lot of people." This isn't the way with other
41、60;cultures. In New Mexico, older people from Hispanic and native American cultures preserve their traditions and languages. The extended family is important and grandparents are
42、160;respected. This is also true in Asian cultures. In fact, the Santa Fe organisers got the idea for the Living Treasures Program from a Japanese tradition of honou
43、ring folk artists. Twice a year, in spring and autumn, the program honours three older New Mexicans. They are asked to give a long interviewan oral historywhich is taped and preserved at the Santa Fe Public Library. A photographer spends a day with each living treasure and the photographs are also&
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