用作状语的ED分词

1、用作状语的-ED分词、用作状语的-ED分词这样的-ed分词通常来自及物动词。-ed分词用作状语时，跟-ing分词作状语时一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间，条件，原因，伴随状况等。-ed分词结构作状语，前边往往可以加when, while, if, as if, though。这时，我们可以把-ed分词结构理解为一个省略句，即省去了“主语和be的变化形式”。一般说来，这种结构的逻辑主语必须与主句的主语一致。-ed分词作状语跟-ing作状语一样，修饰主句的谓语动词，意义上相当于状语从句，表示时间、原因、条件、伴随状况等。1表示时间Seen from a distance,

2、the mountain looked like a lion.从远处看，这座山脉象一头狮子。2表示原因Criticized unfairly, she left the office without saying a word.由于受到不公平的批评，她默默地离开了办公室。3表示条件Watered once a day, the flower will grow very well.如果每天浇一次水，这花会长得很好。4表示伴随状况He stood there, fascinated by the singing.他站在那儿，被歌声所吸引。在句子深层结构中，-ed分词短语的逻辑主语就是句子的主语

3、。如果-ed分词短语的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致，-ed分词短语的逻辑主语则需要用一个独立结构或者用一个由with/without等引导的介词短语表达出来。如：The question settled, they left for home.问题解决了，他们就回家了。With everything taken into consideration, we all think this is a good suggestion.统观全局，我们认为这是一个好的提议。1. 表示时间4) Inaugurated a second time on March 4, 1901, _focused on d

4、omestic rather than oreign policies.A William McKinleys new term looked forward to andB the new term looked forward to William McKinley andC looking forward to a new term was William McKinleyD William McKinley looked forward to a new term解析：D为正确答案。这句话前半句的-ed分词相当于一个时间状语从句“When he was inaugurated a se

5、cond time ”，主句的主语应当是人，所以A和D为可能选项，但A中的look forward to后应跟名词，那么只有D为正确选项。2. 表示条件5) _under a microscope, a fresh snowflake has a delicate six pointed shape.A SeenB SeesC SeeingD To see解析：A为正确答案。本句的意思是“在显微镜下看，雪花”，显然这里的看是“被观察”之义。B、C、D都表示主动，A为正确选项。6) _ to steel, chromium(铬) increases the metals hardness.A A

6、ddedB In additionC AddingD Adds解析：A为正确答案。(同上)7) _ enough food and water, they could have beaten the enemy.A Being givenB GivenC GiveD To give解析：B为正确答案。(同上)3. 表示原因8) Encouraged by his mother, _.A art was studied in Florence by John Singer SargentB Florence was where John Singer Sargent studied artC t

7、he study of art in Florence by John Singer SargentD John Singer Sargent studied art in Florence.解析：D为正确答案。四个选项中，只有D的主语为“John Singer Sargent”(人名) ，而只有人才能被“encouraged”(鼓舞)，也就是说，只有D中的主语能充当空白前-ED分词短语的逻辑主语9) _ by the decision, the lawyer quickly left the court room.A AngeringB Having angeredC Being angry

8、D Angered解析：D为正确答案。空白处只能用-ED分词才可和后面的“by”短语发生联系，并且其逻辑主语和主句主语一致。10) Written in great haste, _.A Jim made a lot of mistakes in the reportB there are plenty of errors in the reportC we found several mistakes in his reportD the books is full of errors.解析：D为正确答案。本句的意思是“由于(被)写得急，”，所以A和C不对。虽然B中的主语“plenty of

9、 errors”与“written”逻辑上可以呼应，但与“in the great haste”不一致。 “Written in great haste”的逻辑主语还是“the books”。所以D正确。4. 表示伴随状况：-ed分词结构作状语表示伴随状况时，没有适当的分句可替换。11) _ was not incorporated as a city until almost two centuries later, in 1834.A Settling Brooklyn, the DutchB The Dutch settled BrooklynC Brooklyn was settled

10、 by the DutchD Settled by the Dutch, Brooklyn解析：D为正确答案。从上下文看，空档处的主语应是表示要点的名词(“as a city”)，那么A不对；B和C都是一分句，而空档后是谓语部分，它们不作为正确选项。12) Anna was reading a piece of science fiction, _ completely to the outside world.A being lostB having lostC losingD lost解析：D为正确答案。5. 表示让步13) Francis Preston Blair, Jr., _ bo

11、rn in Kentucky, lived and practiced law in issouri.A wasB he wasC althoughD who he was解析：C为正确答案。6. 表示结果14) _ in all parts of the state, pines are the most common trees in Georgia.A FoundB Finding themC To find themD They are found解析：正确答案为A。本句的主语为pines(松树) ，这样就排除了B 选项，因为-ING分词表主动，而“松树”不可能是“找”(find)这个

12、动作的逻辑主语，即动作发出者。故只有A“found”(被发现) 的逻辑主语与“pines”一致，应选A。7. 表示目的15) They should be kept here _ this matter.A informing aboutB be informedC be informed ofD informed of解析：D为正确答案。8. 表示背景和衬托16) Known for her caricatures(漫画) of the United States society, _.A Peggy Brown wrote and illustrated books for childre

13、nB the writing and illustrating of books for children by Peggy BrownC childrens books were written and illustrated by Peggy BrownD Peggy Browns writing and illustrating of childrens books解析：A为正确答案。空档前是-ed分词短语，空档处应是主谓俱全句，排除B和D。从-ED分词短语中(Known for her )可知，主句的主语是人而不是物，所以C也不对。17) Well known as a splendi

14、d pianist in Boston, _. A we all are pleased to hear Mr. Andersons concerto(小协奏曲)B a concerto was composed by Mr. AndersonC Mr. Anderson composed a concertoD Mr. Andersons concerto was composed解析：C为正确答案。(同上)二、-ed分词在复合结构中Dont get your schedule changed; stay with us in this class.Peter had his gas and

15、 electricity turned on when he moved into his new apartment last month.He kept his mouth shut and stayed where he was.(他闭口不言，呆在原地不动。)They are talking about the experiment made in the new lab.三、独立结构如果-ed分词短语与-ing短语带有与句子主语不同的主语，即本短语自己本身带有主语，这就构成了独立结构(也叫独立主格结构或垂悬结构)，这种结构也可作状语表示时间，原因等。有时在独立结构前还可加介词with 或 without。Her eyes filled wit