形容词比较级和最高级变化规则

1、形容词比较级和最高级变化规则形容词级的变化规律和级的用法:一、形容词级的变化：1、规律变化：单音词的变化：（四条）一般情况：+er（ 比较级 ） +est（ 最高级 ）eg :quiet-quieter-the quietestbright-brighter-the brightest明亮 / 聪明的dear-dearest-the dearestclever-cleverer-the cleverest词末为-e （不发音）+ r -+steg:fine-finer-the finest nice-nicer-the nicestcute-cuter-the cutestclose-clos

2、er-the closestwhite-whiter-the whitest large-larger-the largest free-freer-freest（特殊 ）重读闭音节，末尾只有一个辅音字母的：双写辅音字母+er- 双写辅音字母+esteg:hot-hotter-the hottest big -bigger-the biggest red-redder-the reddestwet-wetter-the wettestsad-sadder-the saddestfat-fatter-the fattestthin-thinner-the thinnest fit-fitter-

3、fittest少数以辅音字母+y 结尾的双音节原根词：变 y 为 i+er 变 y 为 i+est形容词和副词用法比较形容词和副词形容词和副词在语法结构中主要用于比较级和最高级。形 容词和副词的构成形式基本上一样，它们的形式与单音节、双音节和多 音节有关，当然还有其特殊形式。形容词和副词比较级的基本用法分为 同级比较、比较级和最高级三种形式。但这三种形式都有它们特殊的表 达方式以及它们的惯用法。对以下要点大家须一一掌握。第一节形容词比较级和最高级的形式 一、形容词比较级和最高级的构成形容词的比较级和最高级变化形式规则如下构成法原级比较级最高级 一般单音节词末尾力口er 和 est strong

4、 stronger strongest 单音节词如果以 e结尾，只加 r和 st strange stranger strangest闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，须先双写这个辅音字母，再加 er和 est sadbighot sadderbiggerhotter saddestbiggesthottest 少数以 y,er（或 ure）, ow, ble结尾的双音节词，末尾加 er和 est（以y结尾的词，如 y前是辅音字母，把y变成i ,再加 er和 est ,以 e结尾的词仍只力口 r 和 st） angry clevernarrownoble angrier cleverern

5、arrowernobler angrest cleverest narrowest noblestmore 其他双音节和多音节词都在前面加单词more和most differentdifferent mostdifferent1) The most high Amountain in Bthe world is Mount Everest , which is situated Cin Nepal and istwenty nine thousand one hundred and fourty one feet high D2) This house is spaciouser A than

6、 that Bwhite ConeI bought in Rapid City , South DakotaD last year.3) Research in the socialA sciences often proves difficulterBthan similarCwork in the physicalDsciences.二、形容词比较级或最高级的特殊形式：1 .三个或三个以上音节的形容词只能加 more和most只能说 more beautiful而不育长说 beautifuller; 只能说 the mostbeautiful 而不能说 beautifullest 。但是，

7、以形容前缀un结尾的三音节形容词不适合上述情况，如unhappy,untidy , 我们可以说： unhappierfunhappiest, untidier - untidiest2 .由ING分词和ED分词演变过来的形容词(包括不规则动词如knowf known)只能加more或most来表示它们的比较级和最高级more(most) striking, more(most) interesting, more(most) wounded, more(most)worn 等。4) The drawingsAof the old mastersBare among thetreasuredes

8、tCworks in museumsD.3.英语里有些形容词由于其词义而不可能有比较级形式absolute fatal main right universalchief final naked simulta- utterentire foremost perfect neous vitaleternal inevitable possible sufficient wholeexcellent infinite primary supreme wooden三、不规则形容词的比较级和最高级形式goodwellbetter bestbad川worseworstmanymuch more mos

9、tlittlefew less leastfar fartherfarthestfurtherfurthest5) African elephants are larger , fiercer , and difficulter A to tame BthanCAsian elephants D.6) Sarah Hale becameAone of the famousest Bmagazine C editors in the United States duringDthe 1800' s.7) Of allAthe Native American tribesB, the Sh

10、awneeIndians wereCa most Dtransient.四、例题解析1) A错。应将“ most high”改为highest。这是在考形容词比较级的构 成形式。2) A 错。改为 more spacious 。3) B 错。 改为 more difficult 。4) C错。treasured 在本句中是 ED分词(动词treasure +ed)作形 容词使用，是“宝贵的、珍贵的”意思，修饰名词 works(作品)，其最 高级形式应用the most treasured 。5) A 错,改为 more difficult 。6) B错。改为“the most famous :

11、 因为famous(着名的)是双音节， 其最高级变化应在前面加“ the most ”。7) D错。应改为"the most ”，因为此处表示的是最高级，" the most transient ”意为“(延续时间)最短暂的”。第二节副词比较级和最高级的形式副词比较级和最高级的变化形式与形容词基本上一样 一般副词hardfharder fhardestfast ffaster ffastest late flater flatest early fearlierfearliest特殊副词well fbetter fbestmuch fmore fmostbadly fwor

12、se fworstlittle -less -least但是，开放类副词即以后缀ly结尾的副词不能像形容词那样加er或est ,如quickly fmore quickly fmost quickly quietly fmore quietly - most quietly注：early中的ly不是后缀，故可以把 y变i再加 er和 est第三节形容词与副词比较级和最高级的基本用法一、原级比较的基本用法1.原级比较由“ as+形容词或副词（或再加名词或短语）+as ”构成 “原级相同”比较旬，表示两者比较；其否定式，即“程度不及”比较句型为“not so（as）+形容词或副词+ as”，而且a

13、sas结构前可用just, almost, nearly, quite 等表示程度的词修饰1） Walking briskly for thirty minutes will burn as many calories as .Ato run for fifteen minutesBrunning for fifteen minutesCyou run for fifteen minutesD fifteen minute walking2） The gorilla（大猩猩），while A not quite as curious than B the chimpanzee（黑猩猩）， sh

14、ows more persistenceC and memoryretention（ 记忆力）in solving D a problem.3） Alaska is twice Aas larger BasCthe next largestDstate , Texas.2. “as （so） +名词+ as +名词”进行名词比较，这时一般情况下有一 个表示原级的比较词，但如果第一名词前出现了形容词修饰该词或出现 副词修饰谓语，应当用so而不用as4） Thomas Jefferson ' s achievements as an architect rival his contribu

15、tions a politician.A suchBmoreCasDthan5） I should say Henry is not much a writer as a reporter. （88年考题）A thatBsoCthisDas二、比较级1.比较级由“形容词(副词)比较级+ than+,”构成表示在两者中间 一方比另一方“更加”。连词than后可接句子，也可接名词、代词、 名词短语、介词短语、动词、动词不定式、ING结构和 ED结构，有时也可省去than o6) Natural mica(云母)of Aa superior Bquality is cheapest Cto obta

16、in than synthetic Dmica.7) She is older than .A any other girl in the groupBany girl in the groupCall girls in the groupD you and me as well as the group8) Josephine McCrackin joinedA the ”Santa Cruz Sentinel ”in 1905 and, until her death fifteen years late B , remainedCactive in journalistic Dwork.

17、2.注意than前后两项相比较的人或事物要一致9) The purpose of the research had a more important meaning for them than .AoursBwith usCfor ours it hadD it did for us10) Sound travels air.Afaster through water than through Bfaster than through water andCthrough water faster andDwhere it is faster through water than through

18、11) Gerbrand von den Feckhout , one of Rembrand ' s pupils , followedAthe style of his teacher so implicitly that Bhis paintingsCare sometimes confused with his master D.三、最高级1.最高级用于三者以上比较，形容词的结构形式是“定冠词+形容词最 高级+名词+表示范围的短语或从句”(如all, of all, of the tree,in the world, that has ever taken place等)12)

19、 The more A fearsome of all the B animals inCtheWestern DHemisphere is the grizzly bear.13) Of all economicAproblems , inflation continues to beBa Cmost significant in its daily impact on Dpeople andbusiness.14) ， the most familiar to general public is the criminal jurisdiction. A All the activities

20、 B The activities C Of all the activities D It is the activities2. 副词的最高级与形容词最高级的区别在于最高级前没有定冠词the四、例题解析1) B 为正确答案。2) B 错。改为as ，和前面的as 和形容词原形curious 一起构成同程度比较。3) B 错。 改为 as large 。4) C 对。动词rival( 胜过、匹敌) 前后是两个相比较的成分achievements( 成果 ) 和 contributions( 贡献 )，由于前面的名词后出现了短语as an architect ,故空白处也应用as,使前后对比成

21、分一致。5) B 为正确答案。6) C错。应改为比较级cheaper。比较级后并不一定跟接连词than,有时在其间有名词或名词短语( 被形容词所修饰)，介词短语，不定式或其他成分隔开。7) A为正确答案。" She'作为单个不能跟全组比(C和D不对)，也不能 跟全组所有相比，因为“她”也是其中一员，自然“她”不能跟自己相比。这里"She'比较的是“这组中的任何一个"，所以 A对。8) B 错。应改为比较级later ，因此处实为与1905年相比晚15年，故应使用比较级。9) D 为正确答案。10) A 为正确答案。11) D 错。改为his mas

22、ter s。12) A 错。改为most。13) C 错。改为the， significant 是多音节形容词，在此处应用最高级形式(在前面加the most),注意句中的“ of all”。14) C为正确答案。本旬空白处缺状语，A和B全为名词短语，不符合条件； D 为句子，和空白后面的句子没有任何联系，故亦应排除。只有C正确，和后面的最高级the most familiar 前后呼应。第四节 形容词和副词的特殊表达法-、形容词与副词的同级比较： 由“as(so)尔”引出，其否定式为“not so”或“not asas”，考生还应注意下列含有“ as”结构或短语的句子他是个孩子，必须被当就是

23、价格再贵一倍,他几乎全部承认了。我在六行中发现了六个错。1. as such :表示上文所指明的事或人He is a child,and must be treated as such.作孩子对待。2. as much : 表示 “与同量”Take as much as you like. 拿多少都行。I would gladly have paid twice as much for it.我也会愿意把它买下的。He as much as admitted the whole story.3. as many : 表示 “与一样多”I found six mistakes in as man

24、y lines.二、表示“几倍于”的比较级：用 twice （两倍），four times （四倍）， ten times （ 十倍）加上asas 结构This one is four times as big as that one.这个是那个的四倍大。（这个比刃B个大三倍。 ）/ Our campusis three times as large as yours. 我们的校园比你们的大两倍。/ Hehas books twice as manyas she does.他的书比她多一倍。1） The five year deal obligatesAthe country to buy n

25、inemillion tons Bof grain a year C, three million more asD the old pact ' s minimum.三、“the same +名词+ as”表示同等比较2） The lens of a camera performs the lens of the eye.Ain the same functionBthe same function asCthe function is the same as Dand has the samefunction3） The elimination of inflation would

26、 ensure that the amount of money used in repaying a loan would have as the amount of money borrowed.A as the same value Bthe same value四、比较级前可用a little,C value as the same Dthe value is the samea bit, slightly, a great deal, a lot,many,表示程度或更进一步much等词语表示不定量，far, completely,still4） There are now meth

27、ods for studying color vision in infants than there once were.A more sophisticated than B much more sophisticated C much sophisticated D sophisticated5） The photographs of Mars taken by satellite are than those taken from the Earth. A clearest B the clearest C much clearer D more clearer6） Common po

28、rpoises( 海豚 ) are usually not considered A migratory ， although B some do move C to more warmer D waters in winter.兼有两种形式的副词1) close 与 closelyclose 意思是 "近 "； closely 意思是 "仔细地 "He is sitting close to me.Watch him closely.2) late 与 latelylate 意思是 "晚 "； lately 意思是 "最近 "You have come too late.What have you been doing lately3) deep 与 deeplydeep 意思是 "深 "，表示空间深度；deeply 时常表示感情上的深度，"深深地 "He pushed the stick deep into the mud.Even father was deeply moved b