凝聚态物理相关诺贝尔奖.docx

1、凝聚态物理相关诺贝尔化学奖1970-1985 年赫伯特豪普特曼（&在测定晶体结构的直接方法上的贡 献杰罗姆卡尔勒（g）， =2000 年艾伦黑格（1）艾伦麦克迪尔米德（差/新西兰） 白川英树（旦）对导电聚合物的研究2011 年丹谢赫特曼（凶准晶的发现5凝聚态物理相关诺贝尔物理学奖1970-1973i-“发现半导体和超导体的隧道效应”"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively"布

2、赖1977恩戴 维约瑟 夫森菲利 普沃 伦安德 森-Mr央“他理论上预测出通过隧道势垒的超电流 的性质，特别是那些通常被称为约瑟夫森效 亶的现象”"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effect" .内维心莫特约翰凡 扶累克SB英国匚关“对磁性和无序体系电子结构的基础性理 论研究

3、”"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems"四年彼得.歹tJ昂尼 多维奇卡皮 杳“低温物理领域的基本发明和发现”"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics" 791982年m1斯威尔逊1“对与相转变有关的临界现象理论的贡献”"for his the

4、ory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions"幽1985£克劳斯冯克“发现量子霍尔效应”"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect" 阐恩斯特鲁斯卡“电子光学的基础工作和设计了第一台也 子显微镜”一"for his fundamental work in electronoptics, and for the design of the first electron microscope"典1986国Q

5、瑞士国尔L1991年1987格尔被7泉宁海因里布罗雷约翰内 斯贝德 诺尔茨卡尔米 勒皮埃尔- 吉 而一.德 热纳“研制扫描隧道显微镜”"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope" ”“在发现陶瓷材料的超导性方面的突"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials" 88“发现研究简单系统中有序现象的方法可 以被推广到比较复杂的物质形式，特别是推 广到液晶

6、和聚合物的研究中”"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particularto liquid crystals and polymers"92“发现了在氮发里的超流动性"for their discovery ofsuperfluidity in helium-3”2000若雷斯阿尔 jg 罗斯“发展了用于高速电子学和

7、光电子学的 半导体异质结构”费罗夫"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and optoelectronics" 赫伯特.克勒德国乳杰克基尔比匚差国“在发明集成电路中所做的贡献”"for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit" 埃里三差国hi克康“在碱性原子稀薄气体的 玻色-爱因斯坦凝 聚态方面取得的成就,以及凝聚态物质属性 质的早期基础性研究”奈尔尔.威差国曼"for the ach

8、ievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates"吗沃尔夫德冈克特勒2001安东尼彼得2009伊尔由矍国E萋。110“在光学通信领域光在纤维中传输方面的 突破性成就”"for groundbreaking achievementsconcerning the transmission of light in111fibers for optical communication" “对超导体和超流体理论做出的先驱 性贡献”"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids"侬“发明半导体成像器件电荷耦合器件"for the invention of an imaging一the CCDsemiconductor circuit sensor""阿列克谢阿布里 科索夫2003维塔利金 兹堡林贝格“发现巨磁阻效应”"for the discovery of gi