高考对动词及动词词组考查

1、高考对动词及动词词组考查河南动词及动词词组是英语语法的核心，也是构成一个句子最 基本的成分。动词及动词词组的灵活运用是英语的一大特 点，是学生学习中的难点，更是每年高考中测试的重点。本 文通过近三年高考对动词及动词词组的真题进行分析和总 结，希望能够帮助学生提高动词及动词词组试题的解题能力一、考查具体语境中动词词义的辨析近三年，高考对动词词义的考查，多出现在完形填空中。 在做题时，要根据上下文的语境和选项中动词的含义来确定 最终答案典例 1 the vehicle, they saw that a womanwas trying to get out of the broken window.

2、 （2016 年 全国卷I,完形填空）A. StartingB. ParkingC. PassingD. Approaching解析：根据语境可知，应该是靠近车。start ”开始，发 动"；park “泊车”；pass ”经过，传递”；approach “靠 近”。故答案选D【典 例 2 】My kids and I were heading into the supermarket over the weekend. On the way, we spotted a man holding a piece of paper that said, “myjob. Family to

3、 feed. （2015 年全国卷 I,完形填空）A. LostB. ChangedC. QuitD. Finished解析：根据上下文可知，纸上写的是“丢了工作，还有家 人要养活。”故答案选A二、考查动词近义词的辨析【典例 1 Legend has it that the origin of the Dragon Boat Festival is tothe soul of Qu Yuan. （2014年江苏卷）A. rememberB. remindC. recoverD. recall解析：remember, remind, recall三个词意思相近。 remember ”记住，记起&

4、quot;；remind ”提醒，使想起”； recover “恢复” ；recall ”使想起，回想，召回”；根据 句子意思可知，答案选D1【典例 2 Larry works with Transport Drivers, Inc. One morning in 2009, Larry wasalong 165 northafter delivering to one of his customers. （2016 年全 国卷I,完形填空）A. walkingB. touringC. travelingD. rushing解析：根据文意可知，Larry在运输公司工作，在2009年 的一。早上

5、，Larry正沿着165公路向北行驶着。tour “旅 行，巡回演出“；travel ”旅行，行驶”，根据题意可知， 答案应该选C三、考查动词的熟词生义和一词多义从近三年的高考真题来看，高考命题非常重视对动词的熟 词生义和一词多义的考查，这种现象多出现在完形和阅读 中。有些考生不懂这些熟词的“新含义”，而无法正确理解 文章或题干的含义，因此丢分【典例 1 】They had begun to integrate （融合）the kinds of play and teamwork they hadthe day beforeinto their game. （2015年全国卷II,完形填空）A

6、. seenB. knowC. heardD. read解析：Ao see常见的含义是“看见”，根据本空前后的意 思可知，这里的含义应是“领会，理解"。如：It shows that your child hasnJ t seen the point of the story.这表 明你的孩子还没有领会故事的意思。此外，see还有“认为， 见证，参观”等含义【典例 2 Then go outside and work out a plan to translate your childhood memories into your grown-up garden. （2016年全国卷

7、H,任务型阅读）解析：translate常见含义是“翻译”，但在这个句子里 是“转变，转化”的意思。再如：Your decision must be translated into specific, concrete actions. 你的决 定必须转化为具体明确的行动。此外，translate还有“理 解，解释”的含义【典例 3 During the war, my husband was stationed at an army camp in a desert in California. （2016 年 浙江卷，完形填空）解析：station常见的意思是“车站”，在本句中的新义 是“

8、驻扎”四、考查不同动词构成的动词短语的辨析动词短语在历年高考题中所占比例也很大，主要出现在完 形填空题中，四个选项是四个不同的动词短语，以此来考查 考生在语境中对动词短语意义的理解和运用能力。【典例 1 Once fire and emergency people arrived, Larry and the other man 56 and let them go to work. （2016 年全国卷I,完形填空）A. stepped forwardB. backed offC. moved onD. set out解析：根据“let them go to work”，可知答案选Bo st

9、ep forward “迈向前"；back off “后退” ；move on “继 续“；set out “ 出发”【典例 2 Who knew that so many years later I would look to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again tomy owncancer experience? （2015年江苏卷，完形填空）A. learn fromB. go overC. get throughD. refer to解析：根据 ulook to Dr. Bernie and his CDs again” 及后半句意思可知，答案选C。le

10、arn from ”向学习”； go over “复习”；get through”熬过，通过"；refer 1t。“参考，涉及，指的是“典例 3 That leaky faucet somehow awakened me to the fact that I now had tothe challenge of gettingthings fixed. （2014年重庆卷，完形填空）A. come up withB. face up toC. look forward toD. step away from解析：根据上下文可知，作者不得不面对这一挑战，故答 案选 Bo come up

11、 with “提出”；face up to "勇敢面对"； look forward to “盼望，期望"；step away from “远离”五、考查同根动词短语的辨析对同根动词短语辨析的考查，也多在完形填空题中进行考 查。根据上下文和语境来确定答案。这要求学生对同根动词 所构成的动词短语要有精准的掌握典例】The man who had his bright lights on and told Larry he had made an emergency call. （2016年全国卷I,完形填空）A. came downB. came throughC.

12、 came inD. came over解析：句意：车灯一直亮着的车的车主走了过来，告诉 Larry他已经打了急救电话。come down”下降，降低，被 拆毁" ；come through “经历”；come in "M 入，卷入”； come over “走过来”。根据语境可知，答案为D六、考查同根介词或副词动词短语的辨析【典例】Itthat among other things, he wasan eighty-year-old writer. （2015 年江苏卷，完形填空）A. came outB. worked outC. proved outD. turned

13、 out解析：come out ”出版，开花"；work out "锻炼，计 算出“；prove out “证明"；turnout ”结果是,原来是"。 根据句意可知，答案为D七、考查动词短语中的介词或副词的搭配动词与介词或副词构成的短语也是高考中的主要考点，这 类题多在完形填空题、语法填空题和短文改错题中进行考 查。学生在日常的学习中，要多对包含有介词或副词的动词 短语进行归纳记忆【典例 1 My uncle says that he never dreams becoming rich in a short period of time. （2016

14、 年全国卷，短文 改错）i解析：dream of/about doing sth ”梦想做某事”，故在 dreams 后力口 of/about【典例 2 We tend to have a better memory for things that excite our senses or appealour emotionsthan for straight facts. （2015 年浙江卷）解析：appeal to “对有吸引力，对有感染力”， 固定搭配。故答案填to【典例 3 Anyway, were here now, so lets get down some serious wo

15、rk.解析：get down to ”开始做，着手做"，固定搭配。故 答案填to八、常考动词短语归纳1. breakbreak down损坏，出毛病break in闯入，插话break off （使）分离，停止，断交break out （战争等）爆发，逃出（无被动式） break through突围,突破break up驱散，（使）散开break away from脱离，打破，放弃2. bringbring about使倒下，使下降bring forward 提出bring in把拿进来，收获，赚（钱）bring up sb抚养某人bring up sth 提出bring up 呕吐

16、bring to an end 结束二come to an end3. callcall on sb拜访，号召call at访问（某人的家）；（火车、船）停靠call for 需要call off取消（计划，比赛）call out （call out+to sb）大声地叫call up sb打电话4. comecome across偶然发现，偶然遇到come on快点（口），开始，到来，举行，走吧，一起去come in进来，上市come out出来，出发，结果come to苏醒，总共，达到come up上升，升起5. cutcut away 切除cut through走近路，穿透cut dow

17、n砍倒，减少，压缩（开支）cut off切断（关系，来往），中止（电话，思维）cut out删掉/改掉（恶习），停止6. diedie from死于，因而死die off相继死亡die away声音变弱，渐渐消失die down慢慢地熄灭（风,火）die out熄灭，变弱，消失，灭绝（动物）7. fallfall asleep 去睡觉二go to sleepfall ill 病了fall back后退，后撤fall behind落后，跟不上fall off减少，从摔下来8. getget about到处走,消息的传开get across穿过，领会get away逃掉，离开，摆脱get down

18、从下来，写下来，记下来get along with进展，友好相处iget in进去，收获get off离开，下车get on上车get over克服（困难），从病中恢复过来get around 二spread 传开get through完成，通过，用完，从人群中通过，接通电 话get to到达get together 聚会，达成一致get into trouble 陷入get rid of摆脱，去掉9. givegive away分发，出卖，放弃give in屈服give off放出（气体，光）give out公布，用尽，分发give up放弃，停止做某事give over交出，移交10. l

19、eaveleave alone不要管（某人），不要碰（某物）leave behind遗留，留下，超过leave off （使）停止，中断leave out h掉，漏掉leave over剩下，暂时不去解决11. putput off推迟，延期put on穿上，上演，播放，打开put out伸出，扑灭，生产，出版put through接通电话；使经历（困难等）put up举起，建立，张贴，提出put up with 忍受put forward提出,把提前put down放下，写下，镇压put away收拾起来，储存put aside放在一边，储存，忽视put together装配（零件等），整理

20、12. taketake down取下，记下，拆除take off起飞，脱去，成名take on接受，承担，雇佣，呈现take over接替，接管，继承take up拿起，开始从事，占用，接下去take in吸收，欺骗，收容take away拿走，夺去take after模仿,与相像take back拿回，收回，退货take to喜欢，沉迷于13. turnturn to求助于，转向，翻到turn out生产，关掉，结果是 turn on打。（灯等），取决于，袭击turn off关掉，使（某人）厌烦turn down拒绝，调低turn up出现，调高turn over翻身，翻转，把移交turn

21、 in上缴，告发turn around 转身14. setset out着手做，出发，陈述set off出发，使爆炸set down放下，记下set aside留出，抛弃（意见、习惯等）set up设立，建立set about 着手做 （set about doing=set out to do）九、巩固练习（一）单句填空1. Time-travel TV series( achieve ) greatsuccess and attracted many fans back to TV.2. My parents dont allow me to join the club. Be patie

22、nt. They cannot be(expect) toaccept the new idea quickly.3. During the two conferences, the journalists from the whole country(cover) many problems thepeasants were greatly concerned about.4. Considering his health I advise him tosetan hour or two each day to work out.5. Mary often does some transla

23、tion work to earn extra money, which accounts,half of her income.6. I dont know why he brokein the middle ofa sentence.7. It is bad manners to turnan invitationwithout a reason.8. He was driving home on the highway last night when a policeman stopped him and(accuse) him ofspeeding.9. As the train ra

24、n faster and faster, the lights of the city were soon left.110. Since Jerry is absent today, lets get someone else to takethe work where it was left offyesterday.11. If you want(accomplish) your goals anddreams, you have to be willing to pay the price.12. Thousands of visitors(attract) to theXian In

25、ternational Horticultural Exposition.13. Body language can givea lot about yourmood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive.14. While doing shopping, people often cant help purchasing the goodsthrough media.A.advocatedB.announcedC.advertisedD. competed15

26、. On his way home , hehis shirt pocket tofind his glasses, but they were gone.A. reached intoB. burst intoC. knocked intoD. went into16. Mike is tall and strong. In other words, he has got what itto become a good basketball player.A. costsB. offersC. takesD. involves17. I cantwhat has happened to th

27、evegetables, for they were freshly picked this morning. A. draw outB. look outC. figure outD. work out18. Maxwell is a long-time editor whose novels are a treasure： elegant, accessible and loved by nearly everyone who.A. picks them upB. looks them upC. goes over themD. takes over them19. William found it increasingly difficult to read, for his eyesight was beginning to.A.disappearB