英语写作常见错误与分析

1、精选优质文档-倾情为你奉上英语写作常见错误与分析一、不一致（Disagreements）所谓不一致不光指主谓不一致，它还包括了数的不一致。时态不一致及代词不一致等。例、When one have money, he can do what he want to.(人一旦有了钱，他就能想干什么就干什么。)剖析：one是单数第三人称，因而本句的have应改为has；同理，want应改为wants。本句是典型的主谓不一致。改为：的Once one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).二、修饰语错位（Misplaced Modifiers）英语与汉语不

2、同，同一个修饰语置于句子不同的位置，句子的含义可能引起变化。对于这一点中国学生往往没有引起足够的重视，因而造成了不必要的误解例、I believe I can do it well and I will better know the world outside the campus.剖析：better位置不当，应置于句末。三、句子不完整（Sentence Fragments）在口语中，交际双方可借助手势语气上下文等，不完整的句子完全可以被理解。可是书面语就不同了，句子结构不完整会令意思表达不清，这种情况常常发生在主句写完以后，笔者又想加些补充说明时发生。例、There are many wa

3、ys to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on.剖析：本句后半部分“for example by TV, radio, newspaper and so on .”不是一个完整的句子，仅为一些不连贯的词语，不能独立成句。改为：There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.四、悬垂修饰语（Dangling Modifiers）所谓悬垂修饰语是指句首的短语与后面句子的逻辑关系混乱不清。例如：At t

4、he age of ten, my grandfather died. 这句中“at the age of ten”只点出十岁时，但没有说明“谁”十岁时。按一般推理不可能是my grandfather, 如果我们把这个悬垂修饰语改明确一点，全句就不那么费解了。改为：When I was ten, my grandfather died.例、To do well in college, good grades are essential.剖析：句中不定式短语 “to do well in college”的逻辑主语不清楚。改为：To do well in college, a student n

5、eeds good grades.五、词性误用(Misuse of Parts of Speech)“词性误用”常表现为：介词当动词用；形容词当副词用；名词当动词用等。例、None can negative the importance of money.剖析：negative 系形容词，误作动词。改为：None can deny the importance of money.六、指代不清(Ambiguous Reference of Pronouns)指代不清主要讲的是代词与被指代的人或物关系不清，或者先后所用的代词不一致。试看下面这一句：Mary was friendly to my s

6、ister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.(玛丽和我姐姐很要好，因为她要她做她的伴娘。) 读完上面这一句话，读者无法明确地判断两位姑娘中谁将结婚，谁将当伴娘。如果我们把易于引起误解的代词的所指对象加以明确，意思就一目了然了。这个句子可改为：Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.例1. And we can also know the society by serving it yourself.剖析：句中人称代词w

7、e 和反身代词yourself指代不一致。改为：We can also know society by serving it ourselves.七、不间断句子(Run-on Sentences)什么叫run-on sentence?请看下面的例句。例、There are many ways we get to know the outside world. 剖析：这个句子包含了两层完整的意思：“There are many ways.”以及“We get to know the outside world”。简单地把它们连在一起就不妥当了。改为：There are many ways for

8、 us to learn about the outside world. 或：There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.八、措词毛病(Troubles in Diction)Diction 是指在特定的句子中如何适当地选用词语的问题，囿于教学时间紧迫，教师平时在这方面花的时间往往极其有限，影响了学生在写作中没有养成良好的推敲，斟酌的习惯。他们往往随心所欲，拿来就用。所以作文中用词不当的错误比比皆是。例、The increasing use of chemical obst

9、acles in agriculture also makes pollution.(农业方面化学物质使用的不断增加也造成了污染。)剖析：显然，考生把obstacles“障碍”，“障碍物”误作substance“物质”了。另外“the increasing use”(不断增加的使用)应改为“abusive use”(滥用)。改为：The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.九、累赘(Redundancy)言以简洁为贵。写句子没有一个多余的词；写段落没有一个无必要的句子。

10、能用单词的不用词组；能用词组的不用从句或句子。如：In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.本句的“the fact that he is lazy”系同谓语从句，我们按照上述“能用词组的不用从句”可以改为：In spite of his laziness, I like him.例、For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.剖析：整个句子可以大大简化。改为：Diligent

11、, caring people use money only to buy what they need.十、不连贯 (Incoherence)不连贯是指一个句子前言不对后语，或是结构上不畅通。这也是考生常犯的毛病。例、The fresh water, it is the most important things of the earth. 剖析：The fresh water 与逗号后的it 不连贯。It 与things 在数方面不一致。改为：Fresh water is the most important thing in the world.英文写作中怎样避免用词的重复？在英语的文章

12、中，我们可以看到，除了表示强调或为了避免意义的含糊外，同一个词或短语很少在同一个句子中连续使用，有时，在一个句群或段落中也避免重复使用相同的词。避免词汇重复是英语句子的又一特点。这一特点最明显的标志是，英语代词的使用频率远远高于汉语。英语主要是通过使用代词、同义词、近义词和省略等手段来避免重复。 1使用代词回避重复这是最普通，也是常见的一种方法。Can you mend this table? I broke it yesterday你会修理这张桌子吗?昨天我把它弄坏了。2用同义词避免重复这里说的同义词是一个比较宽泛的概念。它包括范畴词、相近词(near-synonym)和派生词等。The m

13、onkey's extraordinary performance was learning to operate a tractor. By the age of nine，the animal had learned to drive the vehicle single-handed这只猴子最出色的表演是学开拖拉机。到9岁时，它已学会独自驾驶拖拉机了。在第二句仍要提及monkey和tractor，为了回避重复，作者用了animal和vehicle这两个范畴词来替代。范畴词虽然意义宽泛，不太确切，但是在特定的上下文中一般不会引起误解，而且行文也显得更加活泼了。3用省略手段回避重复省

14、略的主要功能就是避免重复，并能突出新的信息。省略是英语的一种习惯用法，它能节省词语，使语句结构显得紧凑。1)省略名词He spoke for the first motion and against the second(the secondthe second motion)他赞成第一个提议，反对第二个提议。They are fine actorsSmith is the finest I've ever seen他们是优秀的演员，但史密斯是我见过的最好的演员。有时，名词的省略出现在相同的名词之前。Cut off the first and last parts of the pla

15、y，and leave then middle(the firstthe first part of the play)把这个剧本的首尾两部分删去，只留下中间部分。2)省略动词谈到动词的省略，典型的例子应首推培根关于读书的那段名言。Some books are to be tasted，others(are)to be swallowed，and some few (are) to be chewed and digested书有可浅尝者，有可尽食者，少数则需咀嚼消化。Jack needn't stay here，but George must(but George must stay

16、 here)杰克不必留下了，可是乔治必须留下来。John won the first race and Jim(won) the second. 约翰胜了第一场比赛，吉姆胜了第二场。3)省略形容词相比较而言，英语中省略形容词来避免重复的情形，不如其他词类多。Robert seemed angry，and George certainly was(angry)罗伯特似乎生气了，而乔治肯定是生气了。4)省略从句I did not notice it till too late(till it was too late)等我注意到这事时，已经晚了。l must get it done what ev

17、er the cost(what ever the cost may be)无论代价如何，我也要把这事办成。He gave the same answer as before(as he has given before)他的回答和从前一样。为了回避词语的重复，人们通常采用以上这3种省略手段。省略手段看似容易，因为有些内容可以略去不表，其实不然，能够做到正确地省略，说明一个人句子的运用能力已经达到纯熟的地步。有运用得当的省略句更能显示出学习者英语的规范性、地道性。避免重复是英语句子表达的一条原则。但是从词类的角度看，重复的多是名词、动词和形容词这些实词，而词义较抽象的代词、介词、助动词等虚词则

18、不怕重复。这样看来，英语句子是“避实就虚”，而虚词的重复常常是为了避免实词的重复。4避免重复与避免中式英语避免重复这条原则对中国学生还有一层特殊的意义。受汉语表达习惯的影响，中国学生用英语表达思想时，常常不自觉地加上不必要的修饰语。这些修饰语虽然在汉语中也是重复(如毫无根据的捏造)，但是它们显得自然，符合汉语的表达习惯。可是，如果把这些修饰语也译成英语，效果就适得其反了，既累赘，又有失表达的准确。例如：汉语中，我们可以说，“请给我们多提宝贵意见”，但是用英语表达时就不必说Please gives us your valuable opinions别人能提出意见、建议，我们肯定应该认为是宝贵的，

19、再用valuable一词就是多余的，正确的说法应是Your opinions will be appreciated还有一个典型的例子，在表达“他的病情好多了”这一汉语句子时，中国学生往往说成His sick condition is much better实际上，condition本身就表示“疾病”(sickness，illness)，所以句中的sick也是一种无意义的重复，地道的表达方法是His condition is much better或者可以更简单地说He is much better此外，在用英语表达汉语中的“吃饭”、“读书”、“唱歌”、“付钱”、“换车”这些动宾结构的概念时，

20、中国学生往往把宾语表达出来，而实际上，英语的有些动词本身已经含有宾语所表示的意思，不言自明，一般是可以省略的，加上宾语则有可能形成画蛇添足，说出中国式的英语。现举例如下：Have you heard(any news) from your daughter recently?近来你得到你女儿的消息了吗?"to hear from somebody" 就含有“听到某人的消息”，“接到某人来信”的意思。Write(letters)to me often经常给我写信。Dick was mad about booksHe made notes while he read(while

21、 he read books)迪克特别爱读书，他读书时总是作笔记。It's through train, you don't have to change anywhere(you don't have to change trains anywhere)这是一超支达车，你不需要在任何地方换车。He paid(money) to see the show他花了钱去看演出。以上各例中，动词的宾语是不言而喻的。如果不是特别需要强调，宾语可以省略。不省略，虽然符合语法规则，也不构成理解错误，但是在表达方式上与标准的英语习惯用法不符，影响语言的地道性。避免重复这一原则在书面英语

22、中体现比较严格，相对来说，口语中则具有较大的灵活性。 书面表达常见错误类型及改进意见错误类型一:汉式英语错误不少考生在英语书面表达时易受汉语习惯影响,所写句子虽然语法正确,却不符合英语表达习惯,造成不少汉语式英语病句.要减少汉式病句必须做到(1)养成用英语思维进行写作的习惯,注意中西文化差异所带来的不同表达.(2)平时多归纳总结,纠正汉式英语.(3)多收听对外广播、收看英语节目、广泛阅读英文版书籍、报纸及其它材料.例如:误:He cost five yuan to buy a dictionary. 正:It cost five yuan to buy a dictionary.或The di

23、ctionary cost him five yuan.误:Good good study,day day up. 正:If you study hard ,you will make progress every day.误:Here is suitable to grow cash crops 正:It is suitable to grow cash crops here.误:There is a nitice in the park saying “ To take notice of safe; the sidewalk is very crafty.” 正: There is a

24、nitice in the park saying “Watch your step. Slippery sidewalk.”误: His fever is high. 正: He has a high fever.误: The student is standing there is my brother. 正: The student standing there is my brother. 或 The student who is standing there is my brother.误: The price of the computer is expensive. 正: The

25、 price of the computer is high.误: The population of China is many. 正: The population of China is large.误: Recently our village has taken place great changes. 正: Recently great changes have taken place in our village.误: There are twenty students in our class have been to Beijing. 正: Twenty students i

26、n our class have been to Beijing.误: That factory broke out a fire last Sunday. 正: A fire broke out in that factory last Sunday.误: This building likes a school. 正: This building looks like/is a school.误: He will able to write articles in English next year. 正: He will be able to write articles in Engl

27、ish next year.误: I will by bus to Beijing. 正: Ill go to Beijing by bus tomorrow.误: Professor Li comes from Beijing University will give us a lecture tomorrow. 正: Professor Li from Beijing University will give us a lecture tomorrow.误: His friends are few. 正: He has few friends误: Wei Fangs father scol

28、ded her coming late to school. 正: Wei Fangs father scolded her for her coming late to school.误: To attend this meeting is important. 正: It is important to attend this meeting.误: His teaching methods are many. 正: He has many teaching methods.错误类型二:句子结构不完整或结构错误一个句子至少包括主语和谓语两部分(祈使句除外)。如果把句子的某一个部分当成一个句子

29、，就会导致非完整句子。两个各含有主语和谓语的分句不能写在一起，也不能只用逗号隔开。例如：误: There were foreigners came to our school.正: There were foreigners who came to our school.误: Without a friend will feel lonely.正: Without a friend one will feel lonely.误: The girls cleaned the desks and chairs, the boys mopped the floor.正: The girls clea

30、ned the desks and chairs; the boys mopped the floor. 正: The girls cleaned the desks and chairs, and the boys mopped the floor.误: The book was interesting. I read it rapidly.正: The book was interesting; I read it rapidly. 正: The book was interesting, and I read it rapidly.误: The woman talked to you j

31、ust now is our English teacher.正: The woman who talked to you just now is our English teacher.误: I cant imagine what life would be like if have not any TV sets.正: I cant imagine what life would be like if we have not any TV sets.误: China is no longer what used to be .正: China is no longer what it us

32、ed to be .误: Although rained, we went on working.正: Although it rained, we went on working.误: They finished the homework, they went out.正: Since/As they finished the homework, they went out.误: I am tired, I must go to bed.正: I am tired, so I must go to bed.误:The sun gives off heat and light, this ma

33、kes it possible for the plants on the earth to grow.正: The sun gives off heat and light, which makes it possible for the plants on the earth to grow.误:You practice more reading, you will improve your reading ability.正:If you practice more reading, you will improve your reading ability.误:I arrive at

34、the station, the train had left.正: When I arrive at the station, the train had left.误: China is still a developing country, most people cant afford a car.正: Because China is still a developing country, most people cant afford a car.错误类型三：重复累赘有些英语单词本身自带某个意思，或由于语法需要不能再出现某个单词，而学生基本功夫不够扎实，常常出现累赘现象。误: Th

35、e box is too heavy for the weak boy to carry it.正: The box is too heavy for the weak boy to carry.误: We hope to improve our work better.正: We hope to improve our work.误: We are very like his lesson.正: We are like his lesson very much.误: Yours class was interesting.正: Your class was interesting.误: In

36、 spite of the fact he is lazy, I like him.正: In spite of his laziness, I like him.误: Personally I think he is a good student.正: I think he is a good student.误: I seldom go to the Shanghai Library due to the reason it is far away from my home.正: I seldom go to the Shanghai Library because it is far a

37、way from my home.误: Mary married with John.正: Mary married John.误: I returned back the book to you yesterday.正: I returned the book to you yesterday.误: The teacher repeated the sentence again.正: The teacher repeated the sentence.误: My most favorite song is “Hand in Hand”.正: My favorite song is “Hand

38、 in Hand”.误: The train is entering into the tunnel.正: The train is entering the tunnel.错误类型四：句子缺乏逻辑性或连贯性一个句子必须表达一个完整、前后语意一致的意思。如果把不相干的意思放子一个句字里或一个句子表达不完整，就会出现逻辑问题。句子无论长短，在安排上要合乎逻辑，衔接自然，使句内语意关系明确。而学生在习作过程中常出现悬垂修饰语、指代不明、缺少过渡词语、非平行结构和语意不完整的分割句等错误。例如误: Being an honest man, Tom worked very hard.正: Being an honest