高考基础语法复习-构词法ppt

1、基础语法复习基础语法复习构词法构词法 在英语中在英语中,词的构成法主要有三种词的构成法主要有三种: 合成、转化、派生合成、转化、派生一、合成由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号由两个或更多的词合成一个词，有的用连词符号“-”连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个连接，有的直接连写在一起，还有的由分开的两个词构成。词构成。 1.合成名词合成名词 名词名词+名词名词 cowboy newspaper 名词名词+ing handwriting sunbathing ing+名词名词 waiting-room sleeping-pill 形容词形容词+名词名词 blackboard sho

2、rthand 2. 合成动词合成动词: 副词副词+动词动词 overthrow uphold 形容词形容词+动词动词 blacklist whitewash 名词名词+动词动词 sleepwalk sunburn3. 合成形容词合成形容词: 名词名词+形容词形容词 snow-white lifelong 名词名词+过去分词过去分词 man-made hand made 数词数词+名词名词 one-way second-hand .一、合成二、转化:动词动词 名词名词: taste (v.) taste (n.) It tastes good. It has a good taste.(2) 名

3、词名词 动词动词: hand (n.) hand (v.) Lets go hand in hand. Please hand in your exercise books after class. (3) 形容词形容词 动词动词: clean (adj.) clean (v.) Her room is clean and tidy. She cleans her room everyday.由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性由一种词性转化为另一种或几种词性.三、派生：1.表示表示否定意义否定意义的前缀的前缀dis- dishonest, dislikein-, ig-, il, im, ir,

4、 incapable, inability, ignoble, illegal, impossible, immoral, irregularmis- misunderstand misleadnon- nonsenseun- unable, unemploymentanti-, ant- antiknock( 防震防震), antiforeigner,(排外的排外的)由一个词根加上由一个词根加上前缀前缀或或后缀后缀构成另外一个词。构成另外一个词。2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 1) a- 表示表示“在在之上之上”，“向向”aboard, aside,2)by-

5、 表示表示“附近，邻近，边侧附近，邻近，边侧” bypath, bypass(弯路弯路)3)inter-, intel-, 表示表示“在在间，相互间，相互” international, interaction, internet4) mid-, 表示表示“中，中间中，中间”midnight, mid-autumn5) out-, 表示表示“在上面，在外部，在外在上面，在外部，在外” outline, outside, outward6)over-,表示表示“在上面，在外部，向上在上面，在外部，向上”overlook, overhead, overboard7) extra-, 表示表示“额外

6、额外” extraction （提取）（提取）8)fore- 表示表示“在前面在前面” forehead, foreground9) in-, im-, 表示表示“向内，在内，背于向内，在内，背于”inland, invade, inside, import2. 表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀表示空间位置，方向关系的前缀 under-, 表示表示“在在.下面，下的下面，下的” underline, underground, underwater 11)up-, 表示表示“向上，向上面，在上向上，向上面，在上”upward, uphold, uphill(上坡上坡) 1re-“又又,再再” rep

7、eat, review, return, reunite, remarry 2. co“联合，伴同联合，伴同” cooperate, coexist, co-worker 3. super“在在上；加之上；加之” superman, supermarket3.表示其他意义的前缀表示其他意义的前缀:后后 缀缀 例例 词词名名词词-ability-age-al-an-cy-er-or-ese-ee-eer-ery-ess inability, available leakage, shortage renewal, withdrawal American, Korean privacy, accu

8、racy farmer, thinker, painkiller actor, sailor, collector Chinese, Japanese, Portuguese employee, trustee, interviewee engineer, profiteer machinery, jewellery actress, waitress, empress后后缀缀 例例 词词名名词词-ful-ian-ist-ism-ment-ness-ship-tion-ure armful, handful, mouthful Egyptian, Russian, Asian, musicia

9、n artist, pianist, communist, scientist socialism, realism, idealism government, movement, development business, illness, darkness friendship, ownership invention, liberation, education departure, failure, exposure后后缀缀 例例 词词形形容容词词- able-al-an-ern-est-ful-ish-ive-y-less-some advisable, admirable, com

10、fortable physical, national, political American, Italian, Australian southern, northern, eastern fattest, latest, luckiest helpful, useful, careful British, English, foolish, childish active, instructive, expensive cloudy, windy, dirty, sunny careless, useless troublesome, tiresome后后缀缀 例例 词词动动词词-(e)

11、n-fy-ize-ate widen, strengthen, lengthen simplify, beautify apologize, organize, realize activate, motivate后后缀缀 例例 词词副副词词-ly-down-ward(s) really, badly, perfectly, truly face-down, palm-down(手掌向下地手掌向下地) towards, forward, outward后后缀缀 例例 词词数数词词-teen-ty-th fourteen, fifteen, eighteen forty, fifty, eigh

12、ty fourth, fifth, eighthPractice (I): 从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词从右栏中找出适当的词与左栏搭配构成合成词.booklookersnewfar first troubletenbabyoverempty reaching case minute class born on handed eat sit free Practice (II): rain(形容词形容词) _ agree(反义反义)_ nation(形容词形容词)_ farm(人人)_ recent(副词副词)_ friend(形容词形容词)_ hope(形容词形容词)_ back(

13、形容词形容词)_ visit(名词名词)_ home(形容词形容词) _ eight(序数词序数词)_ true(名词名词)_ America(形容词形容词)_ China(形容词形容词)_按括号内的要求改写下列单词按括号内的要求改写下列单词rainynationalrecentlyhopefulvisitoreighthAmericandisagreefarmerfriendlybackwardshomelesstruthChinesePractice (III): Fill in the blanks with proper words. With the (1)_ (develop) o

14、f industry, air pollution is getting more (2)_ more serious. In Beijing, many people suffer different kinds of illnesses because (3)_ air pollution. Air pollution is caused (4)_ the following reasons: about half of the problem is caused by vehicles. There are more and more cars, buses on the roads, and they give (5)_ poisonous gases. 25%of air pollution is caused by factories. Another (6)_ (fact) is the smokers. Smoking not only does (7) _ to their health(8)_ also to others. Besides these, about 10% of air (9) _ is caused by other reasons. We should take some measures to fight