主谓一致(附答案)

1、主谓一致(一)一、主谓一致三原则主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：1). 语法一致原则 (grammatical concord) 2). 意义一致原则 (notional concord) 3). 就近原则 (principle of proximity)1. 语法一致原则：指主语是单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式，主语是复数形式，谓语也用复数形式。Tom is a good student.  汤姆是个好学生。  They often play football on the playground.  他们

2、经常在操场上踢足球。 2. 意义一致：指主语形式上为单数，但意义为复数，因此谓语动词用复数形式；或主语形式上为复数,但表示单数意义，这是谓语动词用单数形式。My family are having lunch now.我们一家人现在正吃午饭。Twenty dollars is too expensive for the book.这本书20美元太贵了。 3. 就近一致：指谓语动词用单数形式还是用复数形式，取决于最靠近他的主语。Not only the teacher but also his students like playing football.不仅老师喜欢踢足球，而且他的学生也喜欢踢

3、足球。 There is a pen and some books on the desk. 课桌上有一支钢笔和一些书。 二、以-s 结尾名词的主谓一致1. 以“s结尾的表示学科、游戏和疾病等名词，常用单数。学科： economics（经济学）；linguistics（语言学）；mechanics（力学、机械学）；statistics（统计学）；electronics（电子学）；logistics（后勤学）；physics （物理学）；genetics（遗传学）；mathematics（数学）；politics（政治、政治学）游戏：billiards（台球，弹子戏）；cards（牌戏）；bow

4、ls（保龄球）；darts (投标游戏)疾病：diabetes（糖尿病）；mumps（腮腺炎）；measles（麻疹）；rabies（恐水症；狂犬病）Mathematics seems easy to me.我似乎觉得数学不难。Mumps is a kind of infectious disease.Darts is essentially a free and easy game.注意：如果表示 “学科”以为的含义时，便可用复数。My mathematics is /are rather shaky(摇晃的). 比较： Politics is the art or science of g

5、overnment. What are your politics? 你的政治观点如何？当Darts，Marbles等的意义为游戏器具而非游戏名称时，谓语动词通常用作复数。 例如：Three darts are thrown at each turn.2国名、报刊、商店、机构等名称（表单一政治实体），多用单数。The New York Times is published daily. The United States was hit by the Great Depression in 1930s. the United Nations + 单数注意：这些专有名词，不表示以上含义，而表示群

6、岛、山脉、海峡、瀑布等地理名词，用复数。The Himalayas (喜马拉雅山脉)have a magnificent variety of plant and animal. The Niagara Falls (尼亚加拉大瀑布) are perhaps the most famous waterfall in the world.3. 人名: “the +姓氏的复数形式”表示一家人，用复数。The Blacks are on holidays. 补充： the +形容词/过去分词，表一类人或物时，用复数；The poor are getting poorer; the rich rich

7、er.The old are self-conceited because of their rich experience while the young are proud for their youthfulness. 注意：但如果表示具体的某人或物，或者表示抽象概念时，用单数。The deceased (死亡的) was his grandfather. (具体某人或物，用单数)The beautiful only has value confirmed by the ugly. (抽象概念)4以-s结尾的单、复数同形的词，根据意义来确定单、复数。barracks （营房），headq

8、uarters（司令部，总部），means（方法，手段），series（系列），species（种类），works（工厂）等名词单、复数同形。跟在这些名词后面的动词单复数形式取决于这些名词是用作单数还是用作复数。This works was(These works were)built two years ago . 这（几）家工厂是两年前修建的。Every means has (All means have) been tried. 各种办法都试过了。 A series of pre-recorded tapes has been prepared for language lab use.

9、There are two series of readers(读本)：one for beginners and one for advanced students.补充：这类名词通常还有“fish ,deer ,sheep，bellows(风箱), gallows (绞架), manners(礼貌) ,whereabouts (行踪), ”等。注意：news（消息）是不可数名词，只作单数用。5由两个相同部分组成的工具、衣服等作主语时用复数。His trousers /glasses are black.注意：如果前面带上了单位词，则由单位词的单、复数来决定句子谓语动词的单复数形式。One

10、pair of pliers(钳子) isnt enough. Two pairs of pliers are missing. 此类单词有：scissors(剪刀)，pincers(钳子)，shorts(短裤)，suspenders(吊裤带); shoes等。6少数以-s结尾的名词用作单、复数的含义不一样。Whats the odds? The odds are against us. The odds are in your favor because you have more experience. 三、集体名词的主谓一致1. 通常作复数的集体名词有：police, people, c

11、attle, militia(民兵)，poultry(家禽)，vermin(害虫)等。The British police have only very limited powers.The militia were called out to guard the borderland（边境）.Poultry are dear in the city. Domestic cattle provide us with milk, beef and hides(皮革)。2通常作不可数名词的集体名词，包括foliage，machinery, equipment, furniture, merchan

12、dise等, 这类名词后的动词用单数形式。The merchandise has arrived undamaged. All the machinery in the factory is made in China. 3既可作单数也可作复数的集体名词如：audience, committee, crew, family, government, jury，enemy, group, class, public, team, party等, 当指代“整体”时为单数；指代“其中的各成员”则为复数。That family is a very happy one. My family are al

13、l looking forward for your coming. 我的家人都在期待着你的到来。四、主语as much as,.的主谓一致 当主语后带有由as much as, rather than, more than, no less than, as well as, in addition to, with, along with, together with, except等引导的词组时，其后的谓语动词形式取决于前面主语本身的形式。His brother rather than his parents is to blame.My wife, more than anyone e

14、lse in the family, is anxious to go there again. Bill, together with his sisters, was hurt in the accident.No one except two girls was late for dinner. 技巧：有重心找重心，跟着重心走。五、由and / bothand连接的并列结构作主语的主谓一致意义一二三1用and或both.and连接并列主语，指两类不同的人或物或概念时，谓语动词用复数形式。Social and political freedom are limited here.Walki

15、ng and riding are good exercises Plastics and rubber never rotWhat I said and think are no business of yours. 2用and或both.and连接并列主语，如果并列主语指的是同一个人、同一事物或同一概念，谓语动词则用单数形式。识别方式：and后面的名词没有冠词。A knife and fork is on the table Going to bed early and getting up early is a good habitThe girl's teacher and f

16、riend is a young doctor Truth and honesty is the best policy. 比较：The novelist and poet is going to Europe next year.这位小说家兼诗人打算明年去欧洲。The novelist and the poet are going to Europe next year.小说家和诗人都打算明年去欧洲。3当and 连接的并列名词词组带有each, every, many a, more than one.等限定词时，谓语动词用单数形式.Each boy and each girl wants

17、to serve the people in the futureMany a ship has been damaged in the storm More than one student has seen the film. 注意：但是，在“more+复数名词+than one'结构之后，谓语词一般用复数形式。例如： More members than one are against your plan4. 由or/nor/eitheror/neithernor/not onlybut also等连接的并列主语作主语，随后动词形式的选择按照“就近原则”来处理。技巧：没重心就“就近

18、”。Either my father or my brothers are coming.Not only the switches but also the old wiring has been changed. Neither the players nor the coach was overconfident. 注意：如果either, each, neither作主语，则动词为单数形式。Each of us has his likes and dislikes.Neither of the books is very interesting.练习一1) Bread and butt

19、er _ what Americans usually have for breakfast.A) are B) isC) was D) were2) Each boy and girl _given a gift on Christmas Day.A) is B) are C) were D) was 3) Many a boy and (many a ) girl _ made the same mistake.A) has B) are C) were D) have been4) The manager with some workers _ working during the ho

20、lidays.A) are B) isC) was D) were5) Many a child _to walk before he can speak.A) learn B) learns C) learned D) have learned6) Not only he but also I _to work hard and pass the exam.A) want B) wants C) wanted D) wanting7) Every means _tried but with no end.A) have been B) have had C) has been D) are8

21、) My house and home _ at 108 Maryland.A) are B) is C) were D) is being9) A horse and carriage _ not much used nowadaysA) is B) are C) were D) is to be10) Many a writer of newspaper articles _ to writing novels.A) has turned B) have turned C) being turned D) are going to turn11) Either the teachers o

22、r the president _ the meeting.A) attends B) attend C) are attending D) have attended12) The barn, in addition to the house, _ burned.A) are B) have beenC) was D) were13) War and peace _ a constant theme in history. A) are B) have beenC) is D) were 14) War and peace_ alternatives(二中择一)，between which

23、men must constantly choose. A) is B) are C) were D) was15) Statistics _ his most difficult subject and they are all worried that he won't pass the test.A) is B) are C) wasD) were16) Statistics _ that most of the published and quoted scientific articles are related to medical science.A) has shown

24、 B) is shown C) show D) shows17）The army _ going to remain in this town.A) is B) are C) have D) were18) The army have rescued the travelers. A) is B) are C) have D) has19) A series of debates between the major candidates _ scheduled for the Labor Day weekend last week.A) isB) are C) was D) were20) W

25、hat he said and what he did _ always different.A) is B) have C) were D) has21) The audience _ their seats in the music hall.A) are taking B) is taking C) are taken D) was taking22) The salesman told me that a good set of tires _ guaranteed to run at least fifty thousand miles.A) was B) were C) had b

26、een D) will be23) The police _ asked that anyone who saw the accident should get in touch with _.A) have.them B) has.him C) have.him D) has.them24) My friend and classmate Paul _ motorcycles in his spare time.A) race B) races C) is raced D) is racing25) In fact, _ one cause that leads to the problem

27、. A) cattle is B) cattle are C) cattles are D) the cattles areKeys: 1-5: BAACB 6-10: ACBAA 11-15:ACCBA 16-20:CACCC21-25:AAABB主谓一致(二)一、表示数量概念的名词词组作主语的主谓一致1表示确定数量的名词词组作主语1) 如果数量概念被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数；如果被看作组成该数量的个体，则用复数。Six months is too short a time.Five hours is needed to complete the outline.There were s

28、ix silver dollars in each of the stockings.2) 如果主语是由“分数/百分数+ of”词组构成，其动词形式 取决于of词组中名词的类别。Over twenty percent of the city was destroyed in the war. Forty-five percent of the doctors were woman.3) 两数相减或相除，谓语动词用单数；两数相加或相乘，谓语动词可用单数，也可用复数。Sixty minus seventeen leaves forty-three. Forty-two divided by six

29、 is seven. Six and eight makes/make fourteen. Six times eight is/are forty-eight.4）主语由"one in/one out of + 复数名词" 构成，在正式语体中，动词用单数。One in ten students has passed the examination. One out of twelve bottles was left intact.2表示非确定数量的名词词组作主语1）如果主语由 "a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a p

30、anel of +名词"或由“a kind/sort/type of, this kind/sort/type of+名词”构成，谓语动词通常用单数。A panel of us has decided to hire a boat and travel through Holland by canal. A pile of apple logs was set beside the hearth. A portion of reports is deceiving. This kind of cars is rather expensive. This type of women i

31、s dangerous. That type of machines is up-to-date. 2）如果主语是all of, some of, none of, half of, most of, lots of, loads of ,plenty of +名词,，谓语动词的单、复数形式根据of词组中名词类别而定。Most of the money was lost. Plenty of water was prepared for irrigation.Most of the members were there. Some of the books were badly torn.No

32、ne of my friends ever come to see me. Loads of apples have been distributed among the children.二、名词性分句作主语的主谓一致1由what, who, why, how, whether 等wh-词引导的名词性分句作主语，谓语动词常用单数。What caused the accident is a complete mystery.注意：如果由and或bothand连接两个或两个以上并列名词性分句，表示两件或多件事，则用复数。What caused the accident and who was r

33、esponsible for it remain a mystery to us.2非限定性分句作主语, 用单数To eat well is all he asks. To climb mountains requires courage. Playing tennis is very good exercise.3. 在what分句作主语的SVC结构中，如C为复数，则V为复数。What was real to him were the details of his life. 三、定语从句中的主谓一致1一般来讲，定语从句中的动词在人称和数方面应该与它的先行词保持一致。例如： I am not

34、 one who is afraid of difficulty Dont choose me，who am not qualified for this job Anyone who has questions to ask，please come to my office this afternoon2在“one of+复数名词+定语从句”中，定语从句一般被看成修饰复数名词，因此该从句的谓语用复数形式；This is one of the best novels that have appeared this year. Jim is one of those people who lik

35、e helping others.注意：但有时为了强调one, 在这类结构之前有定冠词the, the only或最高级修饰，或其它强调词时，如，“the only one of+复数名词+定语从句”中”，定语从句被看成修饰单数名词one，因此该从句谓语用单数形式。He was the only one of the boys who was given a prize. Selfishness is the one of her many faults which defeats itself.He is the only one of those workers who is able t

36、o do this jobJohn is the only one of the players who has learned all the rules.四、分裂句中的主谓一致 在分裂句中 “It isthatwho”中，that/who分句中的动词形式通常依先行项而定。It is Jim who is going to do it是吉姆去做这项工作。 It is I who am to blame应受责备的是我。 但在非正式语体中，此分裂句中心成分可用宾格代词me，这时，随后的 that分句动词通常用第三人称单数。例如： It is me that is to blameIt is me

37、 that was injured in the accident在事故中受伤的是我。 五、存在句中的主谓一致1在存在句there be句型中，谓语动词与be后的主语保持一致。There is a big lake in the centre of the city城市的中心有一个大湖。 There are three rooms left还剩三间房。 2当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时，谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。注意：当用作主语的并列结

38、构是物质名词或抽象名词时，谓语动词用单数形式。 There is bread and milk for breakfast早餐有牛奶和面包。 There was singing and laughing in the opposite room对门屋里有说有笑。 练习二1. He is the only one of the students who _ a winner of scholarship for three years.

39、A) is  B)are   C) have been   D)has been2. There _ in this room. A) are too much furniture B) is too many furnitures C) are too much furnitures D) is too much furniture3. David is one of the boys who _ a driving license.A) has B) have C) is having D)

40、 are having4. What caused the accident _ on the road.A) were stoneB) was the big stoneC) are stones D) were stones5. The Smiths _ their breakfast when the morning post came. A) had B)has been having C)are having D)were having6. Getting to other planets or to the moon _ many problems. A)involve B) involves C) involving D) to involve7