中英文的十大差异

1、UnitTWoContrast Between English and Chinese Languages2.1 Comparative Studies of English and Chinese Languages from a Macroscopic View Point2.2 Hypotactic vs. Paratactic(形合和意合)Hypotaxis: “dependent or subordinate construction orrelationship of clauses with connectives”Parataxis: “the arranging of cla

2、uses one after another withoutconnectives showing the relation between them.”eg. Come if you like.(想来就来吧)Ca). Party officials worked long hours on meager food, in coldcaves and by dim lamps.b)The monk may run away, but never his temple.跑得了和尚，跑不了庙。c).I put on my clothes by the light of a half-moon ju

3、st setting,where rays streamed through the narrow window near my cribs.我趁着月光穿上衣服, 半轮晓月渐渐西沉,月光透过我小床旁边一个窄窄的窗子射进来。where rays streamed through the narrow window near my cribs. d) In the medical college, she lived the girls dormitory and ate like everybody else in the school canteen. Before daybreak, she

4、她住女生宿舍，在食堂吃大锅饭，天不亮，她就起来背外语单词。铃声响，她夹着书本去上课，大课小课，密密麻麻的笔记。e) This was an intelligently organized and fervant meeting in a packed Town Hall, with Mr. Strong in the chair.这是一次精心组织起来的会议。市政厅里济济一堂,热情洋溢,主持会议的是斯特朗先生。He is the last person for such a job.他最不适合担任这项工作 f) Somehow our path took us toward the park a

5、cross the footbridge high above the rolling waters of the river. 我们不知不觉地朝公园走去。公园就在人行桥那边,桥下很深的地方,汹涌的河滚滚流过。2.Synthetic vs. Analytic(综合性语与分析性语)eg. Oxford is much smaller in numbers. It has, or had till yesterday, fewer students than the university of Toronto.牛津大学在校学生数比多伦多大学要少多了。牛津大学在校学生数无论现在还是过去都比多伦多大学

6、少。I could have laughed to hear him talk like this.听到他这样讲话,我差点笑出来了。(things that may happen in the past)3.Compact vs. Diffusive(紧凑与松散)eg. . A notion has taken hold in the USA to the effect that the only people who should be encouraged to bring children into the world are those who can afford them.在美国有

7、一个根深蒂固的观点,说是只有那些抚养得起子女的民族,才应鼓励其生育。(收缩成一个复合句).Although lonely in a new land, he was described by his fellow workers and students as cheerful, of a friendly nature, honest and modest.Her life solace was visiting and news.虽然他单身一人,又处在异地他乡,但正如他的同事和学生描述牡那样,他为人愉快开朗,温文尔雅,诚实谦虚。.Her lifes solace was visiting

8、and news.他平生的慰藉是探亲访友,打听消息。(扩展)4. Impersonal vs. Personal(物称与人称)eg. Dawn met him well along the way.拂晓时他巳经上路好久了。(noun of time)The city witnessed the outbreak of the armed uprising.武装起义是在这个城市爆发的。(abstract noun)The avalanche destroyed many houses.由于山崩,许多房屋被毁。Excitement deprived me of all power of utter

9、ance.我兴奋得说不出话来。5.Passive vs. Active(被动与主动)*I was so exhausted by all Id been through.我所经历牡一切弄得我筋疲力尽。*A decision will be made as to how the waste can be disposed of.*Water heats easily.关于废料如何处理的问题将作出一项决定。*It is universally known that the world is made of matter.人人都知道.*A few years ago, it was thought

10、unusual that programs could ever be called up by viewers to be displayed on their TV screens at home.几年前人们还认为,观众居然能够打电话要求在自己家里的电视屏幕上播出节目是一种稀罕的事情。6. Static vs.Dynamic(静态与动态) 喜欢They thought differently.(他们想法不同.) ,要不然就是教你的人很不会教。The computer is a far more careful and industrious inspector than human bei

11、ngs.计算机比人检查得更细心、更勤快。7. Substitutive vs. Repetitive(替换与重复).Courage in excess becomes fool hardiness, affection weakness, thrift avarice.The hurricane flattened crops, uprooted trees, washed away roads and rippled off roofs.She is lovely enough to outshine the moon and put the flowers to shame.8. Abst

12、ract vs. Concrete(0.Pregnant and women breast-feeding their children(本意:给自己的孩子喂奶) may need vitamins.(孕妇和哺乳期的妇女可能需要维生素.).The absence of intelligence is an indication of satisfactory developments.But there had been too much publicity about my case.I have a surprise for you.(我有一件你意想不到牡礼物要送给你.)When he s

13、aw me,he gave me the go-by.(不理不睬)9. Indirect vs Direct()I couldnt feel better.I couldnt agree with you more.He cant see you quick enough.10. Complex vs Simple(繁复与简单)Many man-made substances are replacing certain naturalmaterials because either the quality of the natural product can not meet our ever-increasing requirement, or, more often, because the physical pr