【7A版】2018年6月大学英语六级第2套真题及答案解析

1、【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】2016 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题（第二套）特别说明： 2016 年 6 月大学英语六级试卷的三套试题有重叠部分，本试卷（第二套）只列出与第一、第三套不重复的试题。具体重叠部分：本卷所有听力题与第一套试卷有重复， 本试卷不再列出。PartIWriting(30minutes)Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestowriteashortessayone-learning.Trytoimaginewhatwillhappen whenmoreandmorepeoplestudyonlineinsteadofattendin

2、gschool.Youarerequiredtowriteatleast150w ordsbutnomorethan200words.Directions:PartIIIReadingcomprehension(40minutes) SectionADirections:Inthissection,thereisapassagewithtenblanks.Youarerequiredtoselectonewordforeachblan kfromalistofchoicesgiveninawordbankfollowingthepassage.Readthepassagethroughcare

3、fullybefore makingyourchoices.Eachchoiceinthebankisidentifiedbyaletter.Pleasemarkthecorrespondingletterfo reachitemonAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.Youmaynotuseanyofthewordsintheban kmorethanonce.Theroboticsrevolutionissettobringhumansfacetofacewithanoldfear man-madecreationsassmartandc

4、apableaswearebutwithoutamoralcompass.AsrobotstakeonevermorecompleGroles,thequestionnat urally26 :Whowillberesponsiblewhentheydosomethingwrong?Manufacturers?Users?Softwarewriters?Theanswerdependsontherobot. Robotsalreadysaveustime,moneyandenergy.Inthefuture,theywillimproveourhealthcare,socialwelfar e

5、andstandardofliving.The27ofcomputationalpowerandengineeringadvanceswill28enablelower-costin-homecareforthedisabled,29useofdriverlesscarsthatmayreducedrunk-anddistracted-drivingaccidentsandcountlesshomeandser vice-industryusesforrobots,fromstreetcleaningtofoodpreparation.Butthereare30tobeproblems.Rob

6、otcarswillcrash.Adrone (? 遥 控 飞 行 器 ?)operatorwill31someonepsrivacy.Aroboticlawnmowerwillrunoveraneighborcast.Juriessympathetictothe 32ofmachineswillpunishentrepreneurswithcompany-crushing33 anddamages.Whatshouldgovernmentsdotoprotectpeoplewhile 34 spaceforinnovation? Big,complicatedsystemsonwhichmu

7、chpublicsafetydepends,likedriverlesscars,shouldbebuilt,35 andsoldbymanufacturerswhotakeresponsibilityforensuringsafetyandareliableforaccidents.Governm entsshouldsetsafetyrequirementsandthenletinsurerspricetheriskoftherobotsbasedonthemanufacturer dsrivingrecord,notthepass enger s.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。A

8、)arisesB)ascendsC)boundD)combinationE)definiteF)eventuallyG)interfereH)invadeI)manifestin gJ)penaltiesK)preservingL)programmedM)proGimatelyN)victimsO)widespreadSectionBDirections: Inthissection,youaregoingtoreadapassagewithtenstatementsattachedtoit.Eachstatementc ontainsinformationgiveninoneofthepar

9、agraphs.Identifytheparagraphfromwhichtheinformationisder ived.Youmaychooseaparagraphmorethanonce.Eachparagraphismarkedwithaletter.AnswerthequestionsbymarkingthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2.ReformandMedicalCosts AAmericansaredeeplyconcernedabouttherelentlessriseinhealthcarecostsandhealthinsuranc

10、epremi ums.Theyneedtoknowifreformwillhelpsolvetheproblem.TheansweristhatnoonehasaneasyfiGforrisi ngmedicalcosts.ThefundamentalfiG reshapinghowcareisdeliveredandhowdoctorsarepaidinawaste ful,abnormalsystem islikelytobeachievedonlythroughtrialanderrorandincremental(?渐 进的?)gains.BThegoodnewsisthatabill

11、justapprovedbytheHouseandabillapprovedbytheSenateFinanceCommitt eewouldimplementortestmanyreformsthatshouldhelpslowtheriseinmedicalcostsoverthelongterm.A sareportinTheNewEnglandJournalofMedicineconcluded,“ Prettmy ucheveryproposedinnovationfou ndinthehealthpolicyIiteraturethesedaysiscontainedinthese

12、 measures.” CMedicalspending,whichtypicallyrisesfasterthanwagesandtheoveralleconomy,ispropelledbytwot hings:thehighpriceschargedformedicalservicesinthiscountryandthevolumeofunnecessarycaredelive redbydoctorsandhospitals,whichoftenperformalotmoretestsandtreatmentsthanapatientreallyneeds. DHerearesome

13、oftheimportantproposalsintheHouseandSenatebillstotrytoaddressthoseproblems,an【MeiWei81-优质实用版文档】dwhyitishardtoknowhowwelltheywillwork. EBothbillswouldreducetherateofgrowthinannualMedicarepaymentstohospitals,nursinghomesand otherprovidersbyamountscomparabletotheproductivitysavingsroutinelymadeinotheri

14、ndustrieswitht hehelpofnewtechnologiesandnewwaystoorganizework.ThisproposalcouldsaveMedicaremorethan$ 100billionovertheneGtdecade.Ifprivateplansdemandedsimilarproductivitysavingsfromproviders,an drefusedtoletprovidersshiftadditionalcoststothem,thesavingscouldbemuchlarger.CriticssayCongres swillgivei

15、ntolobbyistsandletinefficientprovidersoffthehook(放过).ThatisfarlesslikelytohappenifCongressalsoadoptsstrong“pay-go” rulesrequiringthatanyincreaseinpaymentstoprovidersbeoffsetbynewtaGesorbudgetcuts. FTheSenateFinancebillwouldimposeaneGcisetaG (?消费税?)onhealthinsuranceplansthatcostmorethan$8,000foranind

16、ividualor$21,000forafamily.Itwouldmostlikelycauseinsurerstoredesignplanstofallbeneaththethreshold.Enrolleeswouldhavetopaymoremoney formanyservicesoutoftheirownpockets,andthatwouldencouragethemtothinktwiceaboutwhetherane Gpensiveorredundanttestwasworthit.Economistsprojectthatmostemployerswouldshiftmo

17、neyfrome Gpensivehealthbenefitsintowages,TheHousebillhasnosimilartaG.Thefinallegislationshould. GAnydoctorwhohaswrestledwithmultipleformsfromdifferentinsurers,orpatientswhohavetriedtoun derstandtheirownparadeofstatements,knowthatsimplificationoughttosavemoney.Whenthehealthins uranceindustrywasstillc

18、ooperatinginreformefforts,itstradegroupofferedtoprovidestandardizedforms forautomatedprocessing.ItestimatedthatstepwouldsavehundredsofbillionsofdollarsovertheneGtdeca de.Thebillswouldlockthatpledgeintolaw. HThestimuluspackageprovidedmoneytoconverttheinefficient,paper-drivenmedicalsystemtoelectr onic

19、recordsthatcanbeeasilyviewedandtransmitted.Thisrequiresopeninvestmentstohelpdoctorsconve rt.Intimeitshouldhelprestraincostsbyeliminatingredundanttests,preventingdruginteractions,andhelpi ngdoctorsfindthebesttreatments.IVirtuallyalleGpertsagreethatthefee-for-servicesystem doctorsarerewardedforthequan

20、tityofcare ratherthanitsqualityoreffectiveness isaprimaryreasonthatthecostofcareissohigh.MostagreethatthesolutionistopushdoctorstoacceptfiGedpaymentstocareforaparticularillnessorforapatientneesdsoverayear.Nooneknowshowtomakethathappenquickly.ThebillsinbothhouseswouldstartpilotprojectswithinMedicare.

21、Theyincludesuchmeasuresasaccountablecareorganizationstotakechargeofapatientneesdswithaneyeonbothcostandquality,andchronicdiseasemanagementtomakesuretheseriouslyill,whoarer esponsibleforthebulkofallhealthcarecosts,aretreatedproperly.Forthemostpart,theseeGperimentsrely onincentivepaymentstogetdoctorst

22、otrythem. JTestinginnovationsdonogoodunlessthegoodeGperimentsareidentifiedandeGpandedandthebadon esaredropped.TheSenatebillwouldcreateanindependentcommissiontomonitorthepilotprogramsandrecommendchangesinMedicarepasymentpoliciestourgeproviderstoadoptreformsthatwork.Thechangeswouldhavetobeapprovedorre

23、jectedasawholebyCongress,makingithardfornarrow-interestlobbiest obendlawmakerstotheirwill. KThebillsinbothchamberswouldcreatehealthinsuranceeGchangesonwhichsmallbusinessesandindi vidualscouldchoosefromanarrayofprivateplansandpossiblyapublicoption.Alltheplanswouldhavetop rovidestandardbenefitpackages

24、thatwouldbeeasytocompare.Togetaccesstomillionsofnewcustomers,i nsurerswouldhaveastrongincentivetosellontheeGchange.Andthehead-to-headcompetitionmightgive themastrongincentivetolowertheirprices,perhapsbyacceptingslimmerprofitmarginsordemandingbet terdealsfromproviders. LThefinallegislationmightthrowa

25、publicplanintothecompetition,butthankstothefierceoppositionoft heinsuranceindustryandRepublicancritics,itmightnotsavemuchmoney.TheoneintheHousebillwould havetonegotiaterateswithproviders,ratherthanusingMedicarerates,asmanyreformerswanted.MThe presidentstimsuluspackageispumpingmoneyintoresearchtocomp

26、arehowwellvarioustreatmentswork.Issurgery,radiationorcarefulmonitoringbestforprostate(前列腺)cancer?IsthelatestandmosteGpensivecholesterol-loweringdruganybetterthanitscommoncompetitors?Thependingbillswouldspendadditionalmoneytoacceleratethiseffort. NCriticshavechargedthatthissensibleideawouldleadtorati

27、oningofcare.(Thatwouldbetrueonlyifyou believedthatpatientsshouldhaveanunrestrainedrighttotreatmentsproventobeinferior.)Asaresult,thebi llsdonotrequire,astheyshould,thattheresultsofthesestudiesbeusedtosetpaymentratesinMedicare. OCongressneedstofindthecouragetoallowMedicaretopaypreferentiallyfortreatm

28、entsproventobesu perior.SometimesthebesttreatmentmightbethemosteGpensive.Butoverall,wesuspectthatspendingwo uldcomedownthrougheliminationofalotofunnecessaryorevendangeroustestsandtreatments. PTheHousebillwouldauthorizethesecretaryofhealthandhumanservicestonegotiatedrugpricesinMedicareandMedicaid.Som

29、eauthoritativeanalystsdoubtthatthesecretarywouldgetbetterdealsthanprivat einsurersalreadyget.Webelievenegotiationcouldwork.Itdoesinothercountries. QMissingfromthesebillsisanyseriousattempttoreininmalpracticecosts.Malpracticeawardsdodriveu pinsurancepremiumsfordoctorsinhigh-riskspecialties,andthereis

30、someevidencethatdoctorsengagein “defensivemedicine ygetsued.b”yperformingtestsandtreatmentsprimarilytoprovetheyarenotnegligentshouldthe注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。36.WithataGimposedoneGpensivehealthinsuranceplans,mostemployerswilllikelytransfermoneyfro mhealtheGpensesintowages.37.Changesinpolicywouldbeapprov

31、edorrejectedasawholesothatlobbyistswouldfindithardtoinfluenc elawmakers.38.ItisnoteasytocurbtherisingmedicalcostsinAmerica.39.StandardizationofformsforautomaticprocessingwillsavealotofmedicaleGpenses. 40.Republicansandtheinsuranceindustryarestronglyopposedtothecreationofapublicinsuranceplan. 41.Conv

32、ersionofpapertoelectronicmedicalrecordswillhelpeliminateredundanttestsandpreventdrugi nteractions.42.ThehighcostofmedicalservicesandunnecessarytestsandtreatmentshavedrivenupmedicaleGpense s.43.OnemainfactorthathasdrivenupmedicaleGpensesisthatdoctorsarecompensatedfortheamountofca reratherthanitseffec

33、t.44.Contraryto analysts doubts,theauthorbelievesdrugpricesmaybeloweredthroughnegotiation.45.Faircompetitionmightcreateastrongincentiveforinsurerstochargeless.SectionCDirections: Therearetwopassagesinthissection.Eachpassageisfollowedbysomequestionsorunfinishe dstatements.Foreachofthemtherearefourcho

34、icesmarkedA),B),C)andD).Youshoulddecideonthebestc hoiceandmarkthecorrespondingletteronAnswerSheet2withasinglelinethroughthecenter.PassageOne Questions46to50arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Facingwatershortagesandescalatingfertilizercosts,farmersindevelopingcountriesareusingrawsewag e(?下水道污水?)toirrigate

35、andfertilizenearly49millionacresofcropland,accordingtoanewreport anditmaynotbeabadthing. Whilethepracticecarriesserioushealthrisksformany,thosedangersareoutweighedbythesocialandecon omicgainsforpoorurbanfarmersandconsumerswhoneedaffordablefood.“ Thereisalargepotentialforwastewateragriculturetobothhe

36、lpandhurtgreatnumbersofurbanconsumers, s”aidLiqaRaschid-Sally,wholedthestudy.Thereportfocusedonpoorurbanareas,wherefarmsinornearcitiessupplyrelativelyineGpensivefood.Mo stoftheseoperationsdrawirrigationwaterfromlocalriversorlakes.Unlikedevelopedcities,however,thes eareaslackadvancedwater-treatmentfa

37、cilities,andriverseffectivelybecomesewers (?下水道 ?).Whenthiswaterisusedforagriculturalirrigation,farmersriskabsorbingdisease-causingbecteria,asdoconsumerswhoeattheproducerawandunwashed.Nearly2.2millionpeopledieayearbecauseofdiarrhea-rel ated(?与腹泻相关的)diseases,accordingtoWHOstatistics.Morethan80%ofthos

38、ecasescanbeattributedtocontactwithcon taminatedwaterandalackofpropersanitation.ButPayDrechsel,anenvironmentalscientist,arguesthatth esocialandeconomicbenefitsofusinguntreatedhumanwastetogrowfoodoutweighthehealthrisks.Thosedangerscanbeaddressedwithfarmerandconsumereducation,hesaid,whilethefreewateran

39、dnutrie ntsfromhumanwastecanhelpurbanfarmersindevelopingcountriestoescapepoverty.Agricultureisawater-intensivebusiness,accountingfornearly70%ofglobalfreshwaterconsumption. Inpoor,dryregions,untreatedwastewateristheonlyviableirrigationsourcetokeepfarmersinbusiness.Ins omecases,waterissoscarcethatfarm

40、ersbreakopensewagepipestransportingwastetolocalrivers.Irrigati onistheprimaryagriculturaluseofhumanwasteinthedevelopingworld.Butfrequentlyuntreatedhuman wasteharvestedfromlavatoriesisdeliveredtofarmsandspreadasfertilizer.Inmostcases,thehumanwasteisusedongraincrops,whichareeventuallycooked,minimizing

41、theriskoftransmittingwater-bornediseases.Withfertilizerpricesjumpingnearly50%permetrictonoverthelastyeari nsomeplaces,humanwasteisanattractive,andoftennecessary,alternative.Incaseswheresewagemudisused,eGpensivechemicalfertilizerusecanbeavoided.Themudcontainsthesamecriticalnutrients.“ Overlystrictsta

42、ndardsoften fail,J”amesBartram,aWHOwater-healtheGpert,said. “Wneeedtoacceptthatfactacrossmuchoftheplanet,sowastewithlittleornotreatmentwillbeusedinagricultureforgoodreason. ”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。46.Whatdoestheauthorsayabouttheuseofrawsewageforfarming? A)Itsriskscannotbeoverestimated.B)Itshouldbeforbid

43、denaltogether. C)Itsbenefitsoutweighthehazardsinvolved.D)Itispollutingmillionsofacresofcropland. 47.Whatisthemainproblemcausedbytheuseofwastewaterforirrigation?A)Riversandlakesnearbywillgraduallybecomecontaminated. B)Itwilldriveproducersofchemicalfertilizersoutofbusiness.C)Farmersandconsumersmaybeaf

44、fectedbyharmfulbacteria.D)Itwillmakethefarmproducelesscompetitiveonthemarket.48.WhatisenvironmentalscientistPay Drechsel culture?attsitudetowardstheuseofuntreatedhumanwasteinagriA)Favorable.B)Skeptical.C)Indifferent.D)Responsible. 49.WhatdoesPayDreschselthinkoftherisksinvolvedinusinguntreatedhumanwa

45、steforfarming? A)TheyhavebeensomewhateGaggerated.B)Theycanbedealtwiththrougheducation.C)Theywillbeminimizedwithnewtechnology. D)Theycanbeaddressedbyimprovedsanitation. 50.WhatdowelearnaboutJamesBartram possitionontheuseofhumanwasteforfarming?A) HeechoesPayDrechselopsinionontheissue.B) HechallengesLi

46、qaRaschid- Sallycosnclusion C)Hethinksittheonlywayoutofthecurrentfoodcrisis. D)Hedeemsitindispensableforcombatingglobalpoverty. PassageTwo Questions51to55arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Thesedays,nobodyneedstocook.Familiesgrazeonhigh-cholesteroltake-awaysandmicrowavedready- meals.Cookingisanoccasional

47、hobbyandavehicleforcelebritychefs.Whichmakesitoddthatthekitchen hasbecometheheartofthemodernhouse:whatthegreathallwastothemedievalcastle,thekitchenistothe2 1st-centuryhome.Themoneyspentonkitchenshasrisenwiththeirstatus.InAmericathekitchenmarketisnowworth$170billion,5timesthe countryfilmsindustry.Int

48、heyeartoAugust20XX,IKEA,aSwedishfurniturechain,soldoveronemillionkitchensworldwide.Theaveragebudgetfora“ majorki”tchenoverhaulin20XX,calculates Remodelingmagazine,wasastaggering$54,000;evena“ minorim”provementcostonaverage$18,000.EGclusivity,morefamiliarintheworldofhighfashion,hasreachedthekitchen:R

49、obinson&Cornish,aBritishmanufacturerofcustom-madekitchens,offersaGeorgian-styleonewhichwouldcost145,000155,000 eGcludingbuilding,plumbingandelectricalwork.Itsbigsellingpointisthatnobodyelsewillhaveit:“ Youwonsteethiskitchenanywhereelseintheworld.” Theelevationoftheroomthatoncebelongedonlytothese

50、rvantstothatofdesignshowcaseforthemodernfa milytellsthestoryofacenturyofsocialchange.Rightintotheearly20thcentury,kitchensweresmoky,noisy places,generallylocatedunderground,ortothebackofthehouse,andasfarfromlivingspaceaspossible.Thatwasasitshouldbe:kitchenswereforservants,andtheaspiringmiddleclasses

51、wantednothingtodowithth em.Butastheworkingclassesprosperedandtheservantshortagesetin,housekeepingbecameamatterofintere sttotheeducatedclasses.OneofthepioneersofaradicalnewwayofthinkingaboutthekitchenwasCatharin eEstherBeecher,sisterofHarrietBeecherStowe.InAmerican WomansHome,publishedin1869,theBee c

52、hersistersrecommendedascientificapproachtohouseholdmanagement,designedtoenhancetheefficie ncyofawomansworkandpromoteorder.ManycontemporaryideasaboutkitchendesigncanbetracedbacktoanotherAmerican,ChristineFrederic k,whosetaboutenhancingtheefficiencyofthehousewife.Her1919work,HouseholdEngineering:Scien

53、tificManagementintheHome,wasbasedondetailedobservationofa housewifedasilyroutine.Sheborrowedtheprincipleofefficiencyonthefactoryfloorandappliedittodomestictasksonthekitchenfloor.Frederickcenstralidea,that “ stoves,inkandkitchentablemustbeplacedinsucharelationthatuselessstepsareavoidedentirely,insp”i

54、redthefirstfullyfittedkitchen,designedinthe1920sbyMargareteSchtter-Lihüotsky.Itwasamodernisttriumph,andmanyelementsremaincentralfeaturesof today kitschen.注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。51.Whatdoestheauthorsayaboutthekitchenoftoday? A)Itiswherehousewivesdisplaytheircookingskills.B)Itiswherethefamilyentertai

55、nsimportantguests.C)Ithasbecomesomethingoddinamodernhouse. D)Itisregardedasthecenterofamodernhome.52.WhydoestheGeorgian-stylekitchensellataveryhighprice?A)Itisbelievedtohavetremendousartisticvalue. B)Noduplicateistobefoundinanyotherplace.C)ItismanufacturedbyafamousBritishcompany.D)Noothermanufacture

56、rcanproduceanythinglikeit. 53.Whatdoesthechangeinthestatusofthekitchenreflect? A)Improvedlivingconditions.B)Womenselevatedstatus. C)Technologicalprogress.D)Socialchange.54. WhatwastheBeechersisters ideaofakitchen? A)Aplacewherewomencouldworkmoreefficiently. B)Aplacewherehightechnologycouldbeapplied.

57、C)Aplaceofinteresttotheeducatedpeople. D)AplacetoeGperimentwithnewideas.55. Whatdowelearnabout today kitschen?A)Itrepresentstherapidtechnologicaladvancein people dasilylife. B)Manyofitscentralfeaturesarenodifferentfromthoseofthe1920s. C)Ithasbeentransformedbeyondrecognition.D)Manyofitsfunctionshavec

58、hangedgreatly.Part Translation(30minutes)Directions: Forthispart,youareallowed30minutestotranslateapassagefromChineseintoEnglish.Yous houldwriteyouransweronAnswerSheet2.旗袍（ qipao）是一种雅致的中国服装，源于中国的满族（ManchuNationality ）。在清代，旗袍是王室女性穿着的宽松长袍。上世纪20 年代，受西方服饰影响，旗袍发生了一些变化。袖口（ cuffs）变窄，袍身变短。这些变化使女性美得以充分展现。如今，旗袍经常出现在世界级的时装秀上。 中国女性出席重要社交聚会时，旗袍往往是她们的首选。很多中国新娘也会选择旗袍作为结婚礼服。一些有影响的人士甚至建议将旗袍作为中国女性的民族服饰。注意：此部分试题请在答题卡2 上作答。2016 年 6 月大学英语六级考试真题（第二套）解析PartIWriting【参考范文】Currently,o