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1、.大学英语四级阅读理解训练一Classified advertising is that advertising which is grouped in certain sections of the paper and is thus distinguished from display advertising. Such groupings as “He
2、lp Wanted, “Real Estate, “Lost and Found are made, the rate charged being less than fordisplay advertising. Classified advertisements are a convenience to the reader and
3、a saving to the advertiser. The reader who is interested in a particular kind of advertisement finds all advertisements of that type grouped for him. The advertisers
4、;may, on this account, use a very small advertisement if it were placed among larger advertisements in the paper. It is evident that the reader approaches the
5、classified advertisement in a different frame of mind from that in which he approaches the other advertisements in the paper. He turns to a page of classified advert
6、isements to search for the particular advertisement that will meet his needs. As his attention is voluntary, the advertiser does not need to rely too much extent on&
7、#160;display type to get the readers attention. Formerly all classified advertisements were of the same size and did not have displaytype. With the increase in the number
8、 of such advertisements, however, each advertiser within a certain group is peting with others in the same group for the readers attention. In many cases, the result
9、 has been an increase in the size of the space used and the addition of headlines and pictures. In that way, the classified advertisement has in reality adverti
10、sement. This is particularly true of real estate advertising" 1. All of the following facts are advantages of classified advertisement for advertisers EXCEPT that _. A)
11、160;classified advertisement charges less money B) it is easier to attract the attention of the target consumers C) it provides more information for the readers D) it
12、0;does not have to rely too much on display type 2. One of the examples given of types of classified advertisement is _ A) houses for sale B) people who
13、60;are asking for help C) people who are lost D) job vacancies 3. What sort of attitude do people have when they look at classified advertisement, according to
14、the writer" A) They are in the frame of mind to buy anything. B) They are looking for something they need. C) They feel lost because there are so many
15、 advertisements. D) They feel the same as when they look at display advertisements. 4Accordingtothepassage,inwhichwayhavetheclassifiedadvertisementschangednowadays"A) They depend more on display
16、type. B) More money is charged for them. C) They are divided into more groups. D) They are less formal. 5Whyhaveclassifiedadvertisementschangedinappearance"A)Becausepeoplenolongerwantheadlinesand
17、pictures.B)Becauserealestateadvertisingisparticularlytruthfulnow.C) Because the increase in the number of such advertisements means they have to be small now. D) Because there are more adver
18、tisements now and more petition among advertisers. 答案与解析:1.C分类广告的优越性不包括为读者提供更多的信息。事实辨析题。从文中可看出,分类广告的优越性在于收费低、无需很多的展现形式,以及更易吸引对某类广告感兴趣的读者的注意力,因此A,B,D都正确。文中唯独没有提到C。2.A房地产业就是分类广告的其中一块。细节题。此题考察对“RealEstate的理解,它的意思是“房地产,应选项A正确。3.B当读者看分类广告时,他们会搜索自己需要的信息。事实辨析题。从文中可知,读者在看分
19、类广告时和看展示广告的注意力的模式是不一样的,他们会去浏览自己感兴趣的类别,查找所需信息。应选项B正确。4. A 根据文章,分类广告更多地依赖展现形式。推断题。文章最后指出,由于竞争的加剧,分类广告商们不得不用大标题和图片来吸引读者的注意力。应选项A正确。5.D因为现在更多广告的投入和广告商之间的竞争日益加剧,所以分类广告不断变化形式。事实辨析题。文中指出,分类广告的变化是由于“Withtheincreaseinthenumberofsuchadvertisements,however,eachadvertiserwithinacertaingroupispetingwit
20、hothersinthesamegroupforthereadersattention,应选项D正确。大学英语四级阅读理解训练二Psychologists take opposing views of how external rewards, from warm praise to old cash, affect motivation and creativity. Behaviorists, who&
21、#160;study the relation between actions and, argue that rewards can improve performance at work and school. Some other researchers who study various aspects of mental life,
22、60;maintain those rewards often destroy creativity byencouraging dependence on approval and gifts from others. The latter view has gained many supporters, especially among educato
23、rs. But the careful use ofsmall monetary rewards sparks in grade-school children suggesting that properly presented inducements indeed aid inventiveness, according to a study in
24、60;the June Journal Personality and Social Psychology. “If they know they're working for a reward and can focus on a relatively challenging task, they show the most
25、160;creativity, says Robert Esenberger of the University of Delaware in Newark. “But it's easy to kill creativity by giving rewards for poor performance or creating too
26、60;much anticipation for rewards. A teacher who continually draws attention to rewards or who hands out high grades for ordinary achievement ends up with uninspired students,&
27、#160;Esenberger holds. As an example of the latter point, he notes growing efforts at major universities to tighten grading standards and restore falling grades. In earlier
28、60;grades, the use of so-called token economics, in which students handle challenging problems and receive performance-based points toward valued rewards, shows promise in raising
29、effort and creativity, the Delaware psychologist claims. 1. Psychologists are divided with regard to their attitudes toward _. A) the choice between spiritual encouragement and
30、0;monetary rewards B) the appropriate amount of external rewards C) the study of relationship between actions and D) the effects of external rewards on students' performan
31、ce 2. What is the view held by many educators concerning external rewards for students" A) They approve of external rewards. B) They don't think external rewards
32、. C) They have doubts about external rewards. D) They believe external rewards can motivate small children, but not college students. 3. According to the result of t
33、he study mentioned in the passage, what should educators do to stimulate motivation and creativity" A) Give rewards for performances which deserve them. B) Always promise
34、 rewards. C) Assign tasks which are not very challenging. D) Be more lenient to students when mistakes are made. 4. It can be inferred from the passage that
35、0;major universities are trying to tighten their grading standards because they believe _. A) rewarding poor performance may kill the creativity of students B) punishment is
36、160;more effective than rewarding C)failinguninspiredstudentshelpsimprovetheiroverallacademicstandardsD)discouragingthestudentsanticipationforeasyrewardsismatterofurgency5Whichofthefollowingfactsabout “tokeneconomicsisnotcorrect"A)Studentsareassignedchallenging tas
37、ks. B) Rewards are given for good performances. C)Studentsareevaluatedaccordingtotheefforttheyputintothetask.D)Withtokeneconomics,students creativitycanbeenhanced.答案与解析:1.D心理学家认为外界的奖励对学生会有不同的影响。事实辨析题。根据文章第一句话“Psychologiststakeopposingviewsofhowexternalrew
38、ards,fromwarmpraisetooldcash,affectmotivationandcreativity可知,心理学家的分歧在于来自外界的奖励对学生的积极性和创造性终究有什么影响,应选项D正确.2. C 许多教育家对外界的奖励持疑心态度。文章第二段第一句话提到,后一种观点得到了许多教育工作者的支持,从第一段中可知,后一种观点是:奖励会促使学生对别人的赞许和馈赠产生依赖心理,因此奖励会破坏创造精神。由此可知,他们对奖励的正面作用持疑心态度。应选项C正确。3.A根据文中的研究结果说明,教育家通过给予学生应得的奖励来提高他们的积极性和创造性。文章第三段指出,给予学生恰
39、当的奖励,可使他们发挥更大的创造性,但如果对糟糕的表现也给予奖励,或让学生对奖励有太多的期许,反而会扼杀创造性。应选项A正确。4.B从文中可以得知,一些重点大学试图加强等级标准,因为他们相信惩罚比奖励更有效。事实辨析题。从文中第四段可知,许多大学之所以严格考试的评分标准,是因为“Ateacher.whohandsouthighgradesforordinaryachievementendsupwithuninspiredstudents。选项B与此意一样。5.C根据学生的表现对他们作出评价。事实辨析题。根据最后一段的意思,在这种奖励制度下,要根据学生的表现对他们做出评价,而不仅仅是他们花费了多
40、少精力来完成任务,应选项C正确。大学英语四级阅读理解训练三country.This may occur as an attempt to over-identify with the new culture in order to be accepted by the people in it. 1.The expression "he
41、 or she is like fish out of water"suggests _. a.people away from their cultures can hardly survive in a new culture b.a fish can not
42、160;survive without water c.people away from their culture experience mental isolation d.people away from their culture have difficulties in new environment
43、160;2.In order to identify with the new environment,some people may _. a.give an exaggerated picture of their owncountry b.criticize the positive aspects
44、of their own county c.abandon their original beliefs d.accept a temporary set of values 3.Which of the following statements is true according to
45、0;the author" a.Perplexity results in culture shock. b.A typical symptom of cultur shock is confusion. c.Culture shock is the explanation of anxiety
46、. d.Culture shock happens to foreign students only. 4.Newer may worry about _. a.their ignorance of the alien customs b.their knowledge
47、;of "Yes" in the native language c.their understanding of friendship d.their control of their behavior 5.When the foreign visitor is immersed i
48、n new problems he finds hard to cope whith,he is most likely to feel _. a.uninsured b.deprived c.alienated d.baffled 答案:cdadbc大
49、学英语四级阅读理解训练八Social change is more likely to occur in societies where there is a mixture of different kinds of people than in societies where people are similar in ma
50、ny ways. The simple reason for this is that there are more different ways of looking at things present in the first kind of society. There are more ideas,
51、more disagreements in interest, and more groups and organizations with different beliefs. In addition, there is usually a greater worldly interest and greater tolerance in mix
52、ed societies. All these factors tend to promote social change by opening more areas of life to decision. In a society where people are quite similar in many way
53、s, there are fewer occasions for people to see the need or the opportunity for change because everything seems to be the same. And although conditions may not b
54、e satisfactory, they are at least customary and undisputed. Within a society, social change is also likely to occur more frequently and more readily in the material
55、 aspects of the culture than in the non-material, for example, in technology rather than in values; in what has been learned later in life rather thanwhat was l
56、earned early; in the less basic and less emotional aspects of society than in their opposites; in the simple elements rather than in the plex ones; in form rath
57、er than in substance; and in elements that are acceptable to the culture rather than in strange elements. Furthermore, social change is easier if it is gradual.
58、0;For example, it es more readily in human relations on a continuous scale rather than one with sharp dichotomies. This is one reason why change has not e more&
59、#160;quickly to Black Americans as pared to other American minorities, because of the sharp difference in appearance between them and their white counterparts. 1.The
60、160;passage is mainly discussing _ . a.the necessity of social change b.certain factors that determine the ease with which social changes occur c.tw
61、o different societies d.certain factors that promote social change 2._ is one of the factors that tend to promote social change. a.Joint interest
62、60; b.Different points of view c.Less emotional people d.Advanced technology 3.According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true" a
63、.Social change tends to meet with more difficulty in basic and emotional aspects of society. b.Disagreement with and argument about conditions tend to slow down
64、160;social change. c.Social change is more likely to occur in the material aspect of society. d.Social change is less likely to occur in what people le
65、arned when they were young. 4.The expression "greater tolerance"(paragraph 1) refers to _ . a."greater willingness to accept social change"
66、0; b."quicker adaptation to changing circumstances" c."more respect for different beliefs and behavior" d."geeater readiness to agree to different opi
67、nions and ideas" 5.Social change is less likely to occur in a society where people are quite similar in many ways because _ . a.people there have go
68、t so accustomed to their conditions that they seldom think it necessary to change b.peopletherehaveidenticalneedsthatcanbesatisfiedwithoutmuchdifficultyc.peoplethereareeasytopleased.peopletherearelessdisputed答案:bbbca大学英语四级阅读
69、理解训练九As a reliable travel agency, we really do try to describe our centers and acmodation as realistically as possible. All our Super Centers and Main Centers have b
70、een extensively investigated during the winter season 1975-1976. As a result we have first-hand information on the way in which hotels, life networks and ski schools, etc
71、. operate during the season. We have not been able to investigate, at first hand, all our Independent Centers during the last season but all have been visited d
72、uring the past three seasons. Should you need any more information about these centers we will try to get it for you. Our American centers have been investigated
73、0;on our behalf by United Airlines Tours Department and by the U. S. tour operators who are assisting United and ourselves to offer you this novel program to th
74、e United States. Wherepossiblewehaveeliminatedtheuseofsuperlativesfromthetext(possiblymakingourbrochure(小册子)lessattractivetoreadthanitmightbe)andhaveconcentratedonasaccurateadescriptionaspossible.Neverthelessyoushouldbearinmindthatyour opinion and the opinion
75、 of our investigator might differ and there may be changes between the time of a visit by our investigator and the visit of one of our customers. We
76、trust that it is evident to you that we have done all in our power to eliminate misdescription and that there really is no question of misrepresenta-tion on our
77、 parteither careless or otherwise. We wele your constructive criticismit is the best wayweknowofimprovingourbrochuresandourservice.Althoughplaintsareveryexpensivetohandle,yourplaintorcriticismwillbethoroughlyinvestigatedandarefund(退赔)m
78、adeifitisjustifiednonewillbemadeifitisn"t.26.Thefirmclaims that all its winter sports centers have been the recent target of A. a program of personal visits B. intensive enquirie
79、s about facilities C. attempts to increase hotel acmodation D. an improved information service 27. The "Independent Centers" were personally inspected_. A.
80、the year before last B. three years ago C. between 1975 and 1976 D. within the last three seasons 28. The program of tours to the United States appe
81、ars to be_. A. a new collaboration with U. S. travel firms B. newly taken over by U. S. tour operations C. a new independent venture D. organ
82、ized by United Airlines 29. Their brochure would be more attractive to read, they say, if_. A. it were less truthful B. it used fewer superlatives C.
83、60;it eliminated description D. it were more encouraged 30. The firm"s claim is that their program is improved by_. A. helpful fault-finding by customers B.a
84、ttractivedescriptionofthecentersineverybrochureC.astandardpolicyofpromptrepaymentD.carefulcontrolofthehotels答案:26.A27.D28.A29.A30.A大学英语四级阅读理解训练十As a reliable travel agency, we really do try to describe our centers and acmodation
85、160;as realistically as possible. All our Super Centers and Main Centers have been extensively investigated during the winter season 1975-1976. As a result we have first-hand&
86、#160;information on the way in which hotels, life networks and ski schools, etc. operate during the season. We have not been able to investigate, at first hand, all&
87、#160;our Independent Centers during the last season but all have been visited during the past three seasons. Should you need any more information about these centers we
88、160;will try to get it for you. Our American centers have been investigated on our behalf by United Airlines Tours Department and by the U. S. tour operators wh
89、o are assisting United and ourselves to offer you this novel program to the United States. Wherepossiblewehaveeliminatedtheuseofsuperlativesfromthetext(possiblymakingourbrochure(小册子)lessattractivetoreadthanitmightbe)andhaveconcentratedonasaccurateadescriptionaspossible.Neverthelessyoushouldbearinmindthatyour opinion and the opinion of our i
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